コード例 #1
0
        private void UpdateWeightVector(int i1, int i2, double a1, double a2)
        {
            double alpha1, alpha2;

            alpha1 = m_alpha[i1];
            alpha2 = m_alpha[i2];

            m_weight.Add((y(i1) * (a1 - alpha1)) * x(i1));
            m_weight.Add((y(i2) * (a2 - alpha2)) * x(i2));
        }
コード例 #2
0
ファイル: SVM.cs プロジェクト: foamliu/NPatternRecognizer
 private void CalculateWeight(ExampleSet t_Set)
 {
     for (int i = 0; i < l; i++)
     {
         m_weight.Add((t_Set.Examples[i].Label.Id * m_Alpha[i]) * t_Set.Examples[i].X);
     }
 }
コード例 #3
0
ファイル: SparseVectorTest.cs プロジェクト: tknemuru/Hermann
        public void Addテスト()
        {
            var x = new SparseVector <double>(0.0d);
            var y = new SparseVector <double>(0.0d);

            x.Add(1.0d);
            x.Add(2.0d);
            y.Add(3.0d);
            y.Add(4.0d);
            y.Add(5.0d);
            x.Add(y);

            Assert.AreEqual(5, x.Length);
            var expected = 1.0d;

            foreach (var d in x)
            {
                Assert.AreEqual(expected, d);
                expected += 1.0d;
            }
        }
コード例 #4
0
        public void IndexedPropertyGetAccessorReturnsWhatWasSavedThroughAddMethod()
        {
            // arrange
            var originalVector = SparseVectorHelper.GenerateRandomVector(1000, 0.7, () => SparseVectorHelper.RandomInInterval(-100, 100, 2));

            var sv = new SparseVector <double>();

            // act
            foreach (var element in originalVector)
            {
                sv.Add(element.Key, element.Value);
            }

            // assert
            foreach (var element in originalVector)
            {
                Assert.AreEqual(element.Value, sv[element.Key]);
            }
        }
コード例 #5
0
        public void IndexedPropertyGetAccessorReturnsWhatWasSavedThroughAddMethod()
        {
            // arrange           
            var originalVector = SparseVectorHelper.GenerateRandomVector(1000, 0.7, () => SparseVectorHelper.RandomInInterval(-100, 100, 2));

            var sv = new SparseVector<double>();

            // act
            foreach (var element in originalVector)
            {
                sv.Add(element.Key, element.Value);
            }

            // assert
            foreach (var element in originalVector)
            {
                Assert.AreEqual(element.Value, sv[element.Key]);
            }            
        }
コード例 #6
0
ファイル: Tutorial2_1.cs プロジェクト: 0000duck/latino
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // create SparseVector
            Console.WriteLine("Create SparseVector ...");
            SparseVector <string> vec = new SparseVector <string>(new IdxDat <string>[] {
                new IdxDat <string>(1, "a"),
                new IdxDat <string>(3, "b"),
                new IdxDat <string>(4, "c"),
                new IdxDat <string>(6, "d")
            });

            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            // add more items
            Console.WriteLine("Add more items ...");
            // ... at the end
            vec.Add("E");
            vec.AddRange(new string[] { "F", "G" });
            // ... at specific places
            vec.AddRange(new IdxDat <string>[] {
                new IdxDat <string>(2, "AB"),
                new IdxDat <string>(10, "H")
            });
            vec[11] = "i";
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            // get items
            Console.WriteLine("Get items ...");
            Console.WriteLine(vec[1]);
            Console.WriteLine(vec.TryGet(2, "missing"));
            Console.WriteLine(vec.TryGet(5, "missing"));
            // set items
            Console.WriteLine("Set items ...");
            vec[2]  = "ab";
            vec[10] = "h";
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            // check for items
            Console.WriteLine("Check for items ...");
            Console.WriteLine(vec.ContainsAt(2));
            Console.WriteLine(vec.ContainsAt(5));
            // get first and last non-empty index
            Console.WriteLine("Get first and last non-empty index ...");
            Console.WriteLine(vec.FirstNonEmptyIndex);
            Console.WriteLine(vec.LastNonEmptyIndex);
            // get first and last item
            Console.WriteLine("Get first and last item ...");
            Console.WriteLine(vec.First);
            Console.WriteLine(vec.Last);
            // create another SparseVector
            Console.WriteLine("Create another SparseVector ...");
            SparseVector <string> vec2 = new SparseVector <string>(new IdxDat <string>[] {
                new IdxDat <string>(0, "!"),
                new IdxDat <string>(2, "@"),
                new IdxDat <string>(3, "#"),
                new IdxDat <string>(5, "$")
            });

            Console.WriteLine(vec2);
            // concatenate
            Console.WriteLine("Concatenate ...");
            vec.Append(vec2, vec.LastNonEmptyIndex + 1);
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            vec2.Append(vec, vec2.LastNonEmptyIndex + 1);
            Console.WriteLine(vec2);
            // get number of items
            Console.WriteLine("Get number of items ...");
            Console.WriteLine(vec.Count);
            // remove item
            Console.WriteLine("Remove item ...");
            vec.RemoveAt(2);
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            // directly access to items
            Console.WriteLine("Directly access to items ...");
            int idx = vec.GetDirectIdx(3);

            Console.WriteLine(idx);
            vec.SetDirect(idx, "bbb");
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            Console.WriteLine(vec.GetIdxDirect(idx));
            Console.WriteLine(vec.GetDatDirect(idx));
            Console.WriteLine(vec.GetDirect(idx));
            vec.RemoveDirect(idx);
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            // perform unary operation
            Console.WriteLine("Perform unary operation ...");
            vec.PerformUnaryOperation(delegate(string item) { return(item.ToUpper()); });
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            // merge
            Console.WriteLine("Merge ...");
            vec.Merge(vec2, delegate(string a, string b) { return(string.Format("{0}+{1}", a, b)); });
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            // purge
            Console.WriteLine("Purge items ...");
            vec.PurgeAt(1);
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            vec.PurgeAt(1);
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // *** SparseMatrix ***
            Console.WriteLine("*** SparseMatrix ***");
            Console.WriteLine();
            // create SparseMatrix
            Console.WriteLine("Create SparseMatrix ...");
            SparseMatrix <string> matrix = new SparseMatrix <string>();

            matrix[0] = new SparseVector <string>(new IdxDat <string>[] {
                new IdxDat <string>(1, "a"),
                new IdxDat <string>(3, "b"),
                new IdxDat <string>(4, "c")
            });
            matrix[2] = new SparseVector <string>(new IdxDat <string>[] {
                new IdxDat <string>(2, "d"),
                new IdxDat <string>(4, "e"),
                new IdxDat <string>(5, "f")
            });
            matrix[3] = new SparseVector <string>(new IdxDat <string>[] {
                new IdxDat <string>(0, "g"),
                new IdxDat <string>(3, "h"),
                new IdxDat <string>(5, "i")
            });
            matrix[4] = new SparseVector <string>(new IdxDat <string>[] {
                new IdxDat <string>(1, "j"),
                new IdxDat <string>(2, "k"),
                new IdxDat <string>(4, "l")
            });
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // get rows
            Console.WriteLine("Get rows ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[0]);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[3]);
            // set rows
            Console.WriteLine("Set rows ...");
            matrix[1] = new SparseVector <string>(new IdxDat <string>[] { new IdxDat <string>(0, "j"), new IdxDat <string>(3, "k") });
            matrix[2] = null;
            matrix[4] = null;
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // count rows
            Console.WriteLine("Count rows ...");
            Console.WriteLine("{0} != {1}", matrix.GetRowCount(), matrix.GetLastNonEmptyRowIdx() + 1);
            // trim rows
            Console.WriteLine("Trim rows ...");
            matrix.TrimRows();
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // add more items
            Console.WriteLine("Add more items ...");
            matrix[0].Add("*");
            matrix[3].AddRange(new IdxDat <string>[] {
                new IdxDat <string>(1, "!"),
                new IdxDat <string>(2, "?"),
                new IdxDat <string>(4, "&")
            });
            matrix[2] = new SparseVector <string>(new IdxDat <string>[] {
                new IdxDat <string>(2, "d"),
                new IdxDat <string>(4, "e"),
                new IdxDat <string>(5, "f")
            });
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // get items
            Console.WriteLine("Get items ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[0, 1]);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[2, 2]);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[2][4]);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.TryGet(2, 4, "missing"));
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.TryGet(2, 6, "missing"));
            // set items
            Console.WriteLine("Set items ...");
            matrix[0, 1] = "l";
            matrix[2, 3] = "m";
            matrix[3][4] = "n";
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // check for items
            Console.WriteLine("Check for items ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ContainsAt(0, 1));
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ContainsAt(1, 1));
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.Contains("c"));
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.Contains("C"));
            int rowIdx = -1, colIdx = -1;

            matrix.IndexOf("c", ref rowIdx, ref colIdx);
            Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", rowIdx, colIdx);
            // check for rows and columns
            Console.WriteLine("Check for rows and columns ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ContainsColAt(0));
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ContainsColAt(100));
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ContainsRowAt(0));
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ContainsRowAt(100));
            // get first and last non-empty row and column index
            Console.WriteLine("Get first and last non-empty row and column index ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetFirstNonEmptyRowIdx());
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetLastNonEmptyRowIdx());
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetFirstNonEmptyColIdx());
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetLastNonEmptyColIdx());
            // get first and last item in row
            Console.WriteLine("Get first and last item in row ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[0].First);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[3].Last);
            // create another SparseMatrix
            Console.WriteLine("Create another SparseMatrix ...");
            SparseMatrix <string> matrix2 = new SparseMatrix <string>();

            matrix2[0] = new SparseVector <string>(new IdxDat <string>[] {
                new IdxDat <string>(0, "A"),
                new IdxDat <string>(2, "B"),
                new IdxDat <string>(3, "C")
            });
            matrix2[2] = new SparseVector <string>(new IdxDat <string>[] {
                new IdxDat <string>(1, "D"),
                new IdxDat <string>(3, "E")
            });
            matrix2[3] = new SparseVector <string>(new IdxDat <string>[] {
                new IdxDat <string>(0, "G"),
                new IdxDat <string>(1, "H"),
                new IdxDat <string>(2, "I")
            });
            Console.WriteLine(matrix2.ToString("E"));
            // concatenate
            Console.WriteLine("Concatenate ...");
            matrix.AppendCols(matrix2, matrix.GetLastNonEmptyColIdx() + 1);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // remove items
            Console.WriteLine("Remove items ...");
            matrix.RemoveAt(0, 1);
            matrix.RemoveAt(3, 5);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // directly access to items
            Console.WriteLine("Directly access to items ...");
            idx = matrix[0].GetDirectIdx(4);
            Console.WriteLine(idx);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[0].GetDirect(idx));
            matrix[0].SetDirect(idx, "C");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[1].GetDirect(0));
            matrix[1].RemoveDirect(0);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // get properties
            Console.WriteLine("Get properties ...");
            Console.WriteLine("{0:0.00}%", matrix.GetSparseness(matrix.GetLastNonEmptyRowIdx() + 1, matrix.GetLastNonEmptyColIdx() + 1) * 100.0);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.IsSymmetric());
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ContainsDiagonalElement());
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.CountValues());
            // perform unary operation
            Console.WriteLine("Perform unary operation ...");
            matrix.PerformUnaryOperation(delegate(string item) { return(item.ToUpper()); });
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // merge
            Console.WriteLine("Merge ...");
            matrix.Merge(matrix2, delegate(string a, string b) { return(string.Format("{0}+{1}", a, b)); });
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // clear row and column
            Console.WriteLine("Clear row and column ...");
            matrix.RemoveRowAt(2);
            matrix.RemoveColAt(1);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // purge row and column
            Console.WriteLine("Purge row and column ...");
            matrix.PurgeRowAt(2);
            matrix.PurgeColAt(1);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // get column copy
            Console.WriteLine("Get column copy ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetColCopy(0));
            // transpose
            Console.WriteLine("Transpose ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetTransposedCopy().ToString("E"));
            // set diagonal
            Console.WriteLine("Set diagonal ...");
            matrix.SetDiagonal(matrix.GetLastNonEmptyColIdx() + 1, "X");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // make symmetric
            Console.WriteLine("Make symmetric ...");
            matrix.Symmetrize(delegate(string a, string b) { return(string.Format("{0}+{1}", a, b)); });
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
        }
コード例 #7
0
        /// <summary>
        /// フィールドの特徴を生成します。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="context"></param>
        /// <returns>フィールドの特徴</returns>
        public SparseVector <double> GetNext(FieldContext context)
        {
            var vector = new SparseVector <double>(0.0d);
            var param  = new ErasedPotentialSlimeAnalyzer.Param();

            param.ErasedSlimes = context.UsingSlimes;

            var players = new[] { Player.Index.First, Player.Index.Second };

            foreach (var player in players)
            {
                if (!this.OwnConfig.BothPlayer && player != context.OperationPlayer)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                var erasedPotentialCount = 0;
                var slimeCount           = 0;
                foreach (var slime in context.UsingSlimes)
                {
                    param.TargetSlime = slime;
                    if (this.OwnConfig.TargetFeatue[Feature.ErasedPotentialCount])
                    {
                        // 他の色を消すと消える個数
                        erasedPotentialCount += ErasedPotentialSlimeAnalyzer.Analyze(context, player, param);
                    }

                    if (this.OwnConfig.TargetFeatue[Feature.SlimeCount])
                    {
                        // フィールドのスライム数
                        slimeCount += SlimeCountHelper.GetSlimeCount(context, player, slime);
                    }
                }
                if (this.OwnConfig.TargetFeatue[Feature.ErasedPotentialCount])
                {
                    vector.Add(erasedPotentialCount);
                }

                if (this.OwnConfig.TargetFeatue[Feature.SlimeCount])
                {
                    vector.Add(slimeCount);
                }

                if (this.OwnConfig.TargetFeatue[Feature.ObstructionCount])
                {
                    // フィールドのおじゃまスライム数
                    var obstructionCount = SlimeCountHelper.GetSlimeCount(context, player, Slime.Obstruction);
                    vector.Add(obstructionCount);
                }

                if (this.OwnConfig.TargetFeatue[Feature.NoticeObstruction])
                {
                    // 予告おじゃまスライム数
                    var noticeObstruction = ObstructionSlimeHelper.ObstructionsToCount(context.ObstructionSlimes[(int)player]);
                    vector.Add(noticeObstruction);
                }

                if (this.OwnConfig.TargetFeatue[Feature.HeightDiff])
                {
                    // 高低差
                    var hDiff = DifferenceHeightAnalyzer.Analyze(context, player);
                    vector.Add(hDiff);
                }

                if (this.OwnConfig.TargetFeatue[Feature.UpperCount])
                {
                    // 上部スライム数
                    var upperCount = 0;
                    foreach (var u in UpperUnits)
                    {
                        foreach (var i in UpperIndexes)
                        {
                            upperCount += FieldContextHelper.ExistsSlime(context, player, FieldContextConfig.MaxHiddenUnitIndex + u, i) ? 1 : 0;
                        }
                    }
                    vector.Add(upperCount);
                }

                if (this.OwnConfig.TargetFeatue[Feature.DangerCount])
                {
                    // 左から3番目のスライム数
                    var dangerCount = 0;
                    foreach (var u in DangerUnits)
                    {
                        foreach (var i in DangerIndexes)
                        {
                            dangerCount += FieldContextHelper.ExistsSlime(context, player, FieldContextConfig.MaxHiddenUnitIndex + u, i) ? 1 : 0;
                        }
                    }
                    vector.Add(dangerCount);
                }

                if (this.OwnConfig.TargetFeatue[Feature.Chain])
                {
                    // 起こりうる最大連鎖数
                    var chain = 0;
                    if (player == context.OperationPlayer)
                    {
                        chain = this.ChainAnalyzer.Analyze(context, player);
                    }
                    vector.Add(chain);
                }
            }
            ;

            return(vector);
        }
コード例 #8
0
        public void TestOrthoNormal()
        {
            List<IVector> Rcols;
            List<IVector> Acols = MatrixUtils.GetColumnVectors(A);
            List<IVector> vstarlist = Orthogonalization.Orthogonalize(Acols, out Rcols);

            for (int i = 0; i < Rcols.Count; ++i)
            {
                int count = 0;
                for (int j = 0; j < Rcols[i].Dimension; ++j)
                {
                    count += (System.Math.Abs(Rcols[i][j]) > 1e-10) ? 1 : 0;
                }

                Assert.Equal(i + 1, count);
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < Acols.Count; ++i)
            {
                IVector pi = new SparseVector(Acols[i].Dimension);
                for (int j = 0; j < vstarlist.Count; ++j)
                {
                    pi = pi.Add(vstarlist[j].Multiply(Rcols[i][j]));
                }
                
                for (int d = 0; d < Acols[i].Dimension; ++d)
                {
                    Assert.Equal(Acols[i][d], pi[d]);
                }
                Assert.True(Acols[i].Equals(pi));
            }

            List<double> norms;
            List<IVector> qlist = VectorUtils.Normalize(vstarlist, out norms);

            for (int i = 0; i < qlist.Count - 1; ++i)
            {
                for (int j = i + 1; j < vstarlist.Count; ++j)
                {
                    Assert.True(qlist[i].Multiply(qlist[j]) < 1e-10);
                }
                Assert.True(qlist[i].Norm(2) - 1 < 1e-10);
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < vstarlist.Count; ++i)
            {
                Assert.Equal(norms[i], vstarlist[i].Norm(2));
            }

            IMatrix R = MatrixUtils.GetMatrix(Rcols);
            foreach (int r in R.RowKeys)
            {
                R[r] = R[r].Multiply(norms[r]);
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < A.RowCount; ++i)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < A.ColCount; ++j)
                {
                    Assert.Equal(R[i][j], Rcols[j][i] * norms[i]);
                }
            }
        }
コード例 #9
0
ファイル: Tutorial2_1.cs プロジェクト: viidea/latino
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // create SparseVector
            Console.WriteLine("Create SparseVector ...");
            SparseVector<string> vec = new SparseVector<string>(new IdxDat<string>[] {
                new IdxDat<string>(1, "a"),
                new IdxDat<string>(3, "b"),
                new IdxDat<string>(4, "c"),
                new IdxDat<string>(6, "d") });
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            // add more items
            Console.WriteLine("Add more items ...");
            // ... at the end
            vec.Add("E");
            vec.AddRange(new string[] { "F", "G" });
            // ... at specific places
            vec.AddRange(new IdxDat<string>[] {
                new IdxDat<string>(2, "AB"),
                new IdxDat<string>(10, "H") });
            vec[11] = "i";
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            // get items
            Console.WriteLine("Get items ...");
            Console.WriteLine(vec[1]);
            Console.WriteLine(vec.TryGet(2, "missing"));
            Console.WriteLine(vec.TryGet(5, "missing"));
            // set items
            Console.WriteLine("Set items ...");
            vec[2] = "ab";
            vec[10] = "h";
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            // check for items
            Console.WriteLine("Check for items ...");
            Console.WriteLine(vec.ContainsAt(2));
            Console.WriteLine(vec.ContainsAt(5));
            // get first and last non-empty index
            Console.WriteLine("Get first and last non-empty index ...");
            Console.WriteLine(vec.FirstNonEmptyIndex);
            Console.WriteLine(vec.LastNonEmptyIndex);
            // get first and last item
            Console.WriteLine("Get first and last item ...");
            Console.WriteLine(vec.First);
            Console.WriteLine(vec.Last);
            // create another SparseVector
            Console.WriteLine("Create another SparseVector ...");
            SparseVector<string> vec2 = new SparseVector<string>(new IdxDat<string>[] {
                new IdxDat<string>(0, "!"),
                new IdxDat<string>(2, "@"),
                new IdxDat<string>(3, "#"),
                new IdxDat<string>(5, "$") });
            Console.WriteLine(vec2);
            // concatenate
            Console.WriteLine("Concatenate ...");
            vec.Append(vec2, vec.LastNonEmptyIndex + 1);
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            vec2.Append(vec, vec2.LastNonEmptyIndex + 1);
            Console.WriteLine(vec2);
            // get number of items
            Console.WriteLine("Get number of items ...");
            Console.WriteLine(vec.Count);
            // remove item
            Console.WriteLine("Remove item ...");
            vec.RemoveAt(2);
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            // directly access to items
            Console.WriteLine("Directly access to items ...");
            int idx = vec.GetDirectIdx(3);
            Console.WriteLine(idx);
            vec.SetDirect(idx, "bbb");
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            Console.WriteLine(vec.GetIdxDirect(idx));
            Console.WriteLine(vec.GetDatDirect(idx));
            Console.WriteLine(vec.GetDirect(idx));
            vec.RemoveDirect(idx);
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            // perform unary operation
            Console.WriteLine("Perform unary operation ...");
            vec.PerformUnaryOperation(delegate(string item) { return item.ToUpper(); });
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            // merge
            Console.WriteLine("Merge ...");
            vec.Merge(vec2, delegate(string a, string b) { return string.Format("{0}+{1}", a, b); });
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            // purge
            Console.WriteLine("Purge items ...");
            vec.PurgeAt(1);
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            vec.PurgeAt(1);
            Console.WriteLine(vec);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // *** SparseMatrix ***
            Console.WriteLine("*** SparseMatrix ***");
            Console.WriteLine();
            // create SparseMatrix
            Console.WriteLine("Create SparseMatrix ...");
            SparseMatrix<string> matrix = new SparseMatrix<string>();
            matrix[0] = new SparseVector<string>(new IdxDat<string>[] {
                new IdxDat<string>(1, "a"),
                new IdxDat<string>(3, "b"),
                new IdxDat<string>(4, "c") });
            matrix[2] = new SparseVector<string>(new IdxDat<string>[] {
                new IdxDat<string>(2, "d"),
                new IdxDat<string>(4, "e"),
                new IdxDat<string>(5, "f") });
            matrix[3] = new SparseVector<string>(new IdxDat<string>[] {
                new IdxDat<string>(0, "g"),
                new IdxDat<string>(3, "h"),
                new IdxDat<string>(5, "i") });
            matrix[4] = new SparseVector<string>(new IdxDat<string>[] {
                new IdxDat<string>(1, "j"),
                new IdxDat<string>(2, "k"),
                new IdxDat<string>(4, "l") });
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // get rows
            Console.WriteLine("Get rows ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[0]);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[3]);
            // set rows
            Console.WriteLine("Set rows ...");
            matrix[1] = new SparseVector<string>(new IdxDat<string>[] { new IdxDat<string>(0, "j"), new IdxDat<string>(3, "k") });
            matrix[2] = null;
            matrix[4] = null;
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // count rows
            Console.WriteLine("Count rows ...");
            Console.WriteLine("{0} != {1}", matrix.GetRowCount(), matrix.GetLastNonEmptyRowIdx() + 1);
            // trim rows
            Console.WriteLine("Trim rows ...");
            matrix.TrimRows();
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // add more items
            Console.WriteLine("Add more items ...");
            matrix[0].Add("*");
            matrix[3].AddRange(new IdxDat<string>[] {
                new IdxDat<string>(1, "!"),
                new IdxDat<string>(2, "?"),
                new IdxDat<string>(4, "&") });
            matrix[2] = new SparseVector<string>(new IdxDat<string>[] {
                new IdxDat<string>(2, "d"),
                new IdxDat<string>(4, "e"),
                new IdxDat<string>(5, "f") });
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // get items
            Console.WriteLine("Get items ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[0, 1]);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[2, 2]);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[2][4]);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.TryGet(2, 4, "missing"));
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.TryGet(2, 6, "missing"));
            // set items
            Console.WriteLine("Set items ...");
            matrix[0, 1] = "l";
            matrix[2, 3] = "m";
            matrix[3][4] = "n";
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // check for items
            Console.WriteLine("Check for items ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ContainsAt(0, 1));
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ContainsAt(1, 1));
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.Contains("c"));
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.Contains("C"));
            int rowIdx = -1, colIdx = -1;
            matrix.IndexOf("c", ref rowIdx, ref colIdx);
            Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", rowIdx, colIdx);
            // check for rows and columns
            Console.WriteLine("Check for rows and columns ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ContainsColAt(0));
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ContainsColAt(100));
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ContainsRowAt(0));
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ContainsRowAt(100));
            // get first and last non-empty row and column index
            Console.WriteLine("Get first and last non-empty row and column index ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetFirstNonEmptyRowIdx());
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetLastNonEmptyRowIdx());
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetFirstNonEmptyColIdx());
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetLastNonEmptyColIdx());
            // get first and last item in row
            Console.WriteLine("Get first and last item in row ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[0].First);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[3].Last);
            // create another SparseMatrix
            Console.WriteLine("Create another SparseMatrix ...");
            SparseMatrix<string> matrix2 = new SparseMatrix<string>();
            matrix2[0] = new SparseVector<string>(new IdxDat<string>[] {
                new IdxDat<string>(0, "A"),
                new IdxDat<string>(2, "B"),
                new IdxDat<string>(3, "C") });
            matrix2[2] = new SparseVector<string>(new IdxDat<string>[] {
                new IdxDat<string>(1, "D"),
                new IdxDat<string>(3, "E") });
            matrix2[3] = new SparseVector<string>(new IdxDat<string>[] {
                new IdxDat<string>(0, "G"),
                new IdxDat<string>(1, "H"),
                new IdxDat<string>(2, "I") });
            Console.WriteLine(matrix2.ToString("E"));
            // concatenate
            Console.WriteLine("Concatenate ...");
            matrix.AppendCols(matrix2, matrix.GetLastNonEmptyColIdx() + 1);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // remove items
            Console.WriteLine("Remove items ...");
            matrix.RemoveAt(0, 1);
            matrix.RemoveAt(3, 5);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // directly access to items
            Console.WriteLine("Directly access to items ...");
            idx = matrix[0].GetDirectIdx(4);
            Console.WriteLine(idx);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[0].GetDirect(idx));
            matrix[0].SetDirect(idx, "C");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix[1].GetDirect(0));
            matrix[1].RemoveDirect(0);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // get properties
            Console.WriteLine("Get properties ...");
            Console.WriteLine("{0:0.00}%", matrix.GetSparseness(matrix.GetLastNonEmptyRowIdx() + 1, matrix.GetLastNonEmptyColIdx() + 1) * 100.0);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.IsSymmetric());
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ContainsDiagonalElement());
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.CountValues());
            // perform unary operation
            Console.WriteLine("Perform unary operation ...");
            matrix.PerformUnaryOperation(delegate(string item) { return item.ToUpper(); });
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // merge
            Console.WriteLine("Merge ...");
            matrix.Merge(matrix2, delegate(string a, string b) { return string.Format("{0}+{1}", a, b); });
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // clear row and column
            Console.WriteLine("Clear row and column ...");
            matrix.RemoveRowAt(2);
            matrix.RemoveColAt(1);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // purge row and column
            Console.WriteLine("Purge row and column ...");
            matrix.PurgeRowAt(2);
            matrix.PurgeColAt(1);
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // get column copy
            Console.WriteLine("Get column copy ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetColCopy(0));
            // transpose
            Console.WriteLine("Transpose ...");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.GetTransposedCopy().ToString("E"));
            // set diagonal
            Console.WriteLine("Set diagonal ...");
            matrix.SetDiagonal(matrix.GetLastNonEmptyColIdx() + 1, "X");
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
            // make symmetric
            Console.WriteLine("Make symmetric ...");
            matrix.Symmetrize(delegate(string a, string b) { return string.Format("{0}+{1}", a, b); });
            Console.WriteLine(matrix.ToString("E"));
        }