Esempio n. 1
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        private void InitializeXNA()
        {
            _device = SharedGraphicsDeviceManager.Current.GraphicsDevice;

            // Set the sharing mode of the graphics device to turn on XNA rendering
            _device.SetSharingMode(true);

            // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures.
            _spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(_device);

            BackgroundRenderer = new UIElementRenderer(this, _device.Viewport.Width, _device.Viewport.Height);
            // Create a timer for this page
            _gameTimer = new GameTimer();
            _gameTimer.UpdateInterval = TimeSpan.FromTicks(333333);
            _gameTimer.Update        += new EventHandler <GameTimerEventArgs>(_gameTimer_Update);
            _gameTimer.Draw          += new EventHandler <GameTimerEventArgs>(_gameTimer_Draw);

            _cameraMatrix     = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Forward, Vector3.Up);
            _projectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver2, (float)(this.LayoutRoot.ActualWidth / this.LayoutRoot.ActualHeight), 0.01f, 10000.0f);

            foreach (LocationsVM.Location l in myVM.SelectedNearbyLocations)
            {
                l.Object3dEffect                = new BasicEffect(_device);
                l.Object3dEffect.World          = l.WorldMatrix;
                l.Object3dEffect.View           = _cameraMatrix;
                l.Object3dEffect.Projection     = _projectionMatrix;
                l.Object3dEffect.TextureEnabled = true;
            }

            _gameTimer.Start();
        }
Esempio n. 2
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        private void _motion_CurrentValueChanged(object sender, SensorReadingEventArgs <MotionReading> e)
        {
            double motionDelta = 0.01;

            if (!_motion.IsDataValid)
            {
                return;
            }

            if (Math.Abs(e.SensorReading.Attitude.Yaw - _yaw) > motionDelta)
            {
                _yaw = e.SensorReading.Attitude.Yaw;
            }

            if (Math.Abs(e.SensorReading.Attitude.Roll - _roll) > motionDelta)
            {
                _roll = e.SensorReading.Attitude.Roll;
            }

            if (Math.Abs(e.SensorReading.Attitude.Pitch - _pitch) > motionDelta)
            {
                _pitch = e.SensorReading.Attitude.Pitch;
            }

            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(delegate()
            {
                if (myVM.ClickedNearbyLocation != null)
                {
                    myVM.ClickedNearbyLocation.CalculateHeadingAngle(MathHelper.ToDegrees(_yaw));
                }
            });

            if (_onDragEndAnimation)
            {
                return;
            }

            if (_gestureState == GestureStateEnum.OnFreeDrag)
            {
                _cameraMatrixBehindDrag  = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), Vector3.Up);
                _cameraMatrixBehindDrag *= Matrix.CreateRotationY(-_yaw);
                _cameraMatrixBehindDrag *= Matrix.CreateRotationZ(_roll);
                _cameraMatrixBehindDrag *= Matrix.CreateRotationX(-_pitch + MathHelper.PiOver2);
            }
            else
            {
                _cameraMatrix  = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), Vector3.Up);
                _cameraMatrix *= Matrix.CreateRotationY(-_yaw);
                _cameraMatrix *= Matrix.CreateRotationZ(_roll);
                _cameraMatrix *= Matrix.CreateRotationX(-_pitch + MathHelper.PiOver2);

                //rotate radar
                Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(delegate()
                {
                    (radarCanvas.RenderTransform as System.Windows.Media.RotateTransform).Angle = MathHelper.ToDegrees((_yaw));
                });
            }
        }
Esempio n. 3
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 public Camera(Game g, Vector3 position, Vector3 target, Vector3 up)
     : base(g)
 {
     view       = Matrix.CreateLookAt(position, target, up);
     projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(
         MathHelper.PiOver4,
         (float)g.Window.ClientBounds.Width / g.Window.ClientBounds.Height,
         1, 100);
 }
        public void InitializeViewport()
        {
            // Initialize the viewport and matrixes for 3d projection.
            viewport = new Viewport(0, 0, (int)this.ActualWidth, (int)this.ActualHeight);
            float aspect = viewport.AspectRatio;

            projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(1, aspect, 1, 12);
            view       = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 1), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up);
        }
Esempio n. 5
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        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ARPanel">Augmented Reality Panel</see> control.
        /// </summary>
        public ARPanel()
        {
            SizeChanged += panel_SizeChanged;
            Loaded      += panel_Loaded;
            Unloaded    += panel_Unloaded;
            view         = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 1), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up);
            world        = Matrix.CreateWorld(Vector3.Zero, new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector3(0, 1, 0));

            if (IsDesignMode)
            {
                _attitude = Matrix.Identity; //This will make control render design time looking horizontal north
            }
        }
Esempio n. 6
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        private void OnLoadedContent(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var eye = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -35.0f);
            var at  = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
            var up  = new Vector3(0, 1.0f, 0.0f);

            _worldMatrix      = Matrix.Identity;
            _viewMatrix       = Matrix.CreateLookAt(eye, at, up);
            _projectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(
                (float)Math.PI * 0.25f,
                (float)Component.TargetSize.Width / Component.TargetSize.Height,
                1f,
                1000f);

            LoadModel();
        }
Esempio n. 7
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        void UpdateCameraThirdPerson()
        {
            // Create a vector pointing the direction the camera is facing.
            //var transformedReference = Vector3.Transform(, Matrix.CreateRotationY(avatarYaw));
            //transformedReference = Vector3.Transform(transformedReference, Matrix.CreateRotationX(avatarPitch));

            // Calculate the position the camera is looking from
            var target = avatarPosition + Vector3.Transform(Vector3.UnitZ, Matrix.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(avatarYaw, avatarPitch, 0));

            // Set up the view matrix and projection matrix
            _view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(avatarPosition, target, new Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));

            var viewport    = _graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport;
            var aspectRatio = viewport.Width / (float)viewport.Height;

            _proj = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(ViewAngle, aspectRatio, NearClip, FarClip);
        }
Esempio n. 8
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        /// <summary>
        /// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load
        /// all of your content.
        /// </summary>
        protected override void LoadContent()
        {
            _basicEffect = new BasicEffect(GraphicsDevice)
            {
                World = Matrix.Identity,
                View  = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 1), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up),
                // Specify how 3D points are projected/transformed onto the 2D screen
                Projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(0,
                                                                GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width,
                                                                GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height,
                                                                0,
                                                                1.0f, 1000.0f),
                // Tell BasicEffect to make use of your vertex colors
                VertexColorEnabled = true
            };

            Level = new Level(_score);
        }
Esempio n. 9
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        public void Draw()
        {
            GraphicsDevice device = SharedGraphicsDeviceManager.Current.GraphicsDevice;

            device.BlendState        = BlendState.Opaque;
            device.RasterizerState   = RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise;
            device.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default;

            // Store the old viewport and set the desired viewport
            Viewport oldViewport = device.Viewport;

            device.Viewport = new Viewport(state.ViewportRect);

            // Calculate the world-view-projection matrices for the tank and camera
            Matrix world      = Matrix.CreateScale(.002f) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.ToRadians((float)state.TankRotationY));
            Matrix view       = Matrix.CreateLookAt(state.CameraPosition, state.CameraTarget, Vector3.Up);
            Matrix projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(1, device.Viewport.AspectRatio, .01f, 100f);

            // Draw the sky
            sky.Draw(view, projection);

            // Draw the ground
            groundEffect.World      = Matrix.Identity;
            groundEffect.View       = view;
            groundEffect.Projection = projection;
            device.SetVertexBuffer(groundVertices);
            foreach (var pass in groundEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes)
            {
                pass.Apply();
                device.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleStrip, 0, 2);
            }

            // Draw the tank
            tank.Draw(world, view, projection, state);

            // Reset the viewport
            device.Viewport = oldViewport;
        }
Esempio n. 10
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        private void InitializeXna()
        {
            CreateDevice();

            var eye = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -35.0f);
            var at  = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
            var up  = new Vector3(0, 1.0f, 0.0f);

            _worldMatrix      = Matrix.Identity;
            _viewMatrix       = Matrix.CreateLookAt(eye, at, up);
            _projectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(
                (float)Math.PI * 0.25f,
                (float)_targetSize.Width / _targetSize.Height,
                1f,
                1000f);

            CreateBuffers();

            _copySurfaceMethod = typeof(GraphicsDevice).GetMethod("CopySurface", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic);

            this.CreateContentManager();
            this.LoadModel();
        }
Esempio n. 11
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        /// <summary>
        /// Animates Selected Location Center and zoom in camera
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="l">Location will be animated</param>
        private void AnimateLocationSelection(LocationsVM.Location l)
        {
            float   zoomFactor = 0.20f;
            Vector3 v          = new Vector3(l.VectorPoint.X, 0, l.VectorPoint.Z);

            Matrix cam = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 0), v, Vector3.Up);

            l.IsAnimatingView = true;
            XNAMatrixAnimation animCam = new XNAMatrixAnimation(l.Object3dEffect.View, cam, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.3), 30);

            animCam.OnAnimating += (XNAMatrixAnimation sender, XNAMatrixAnimationEventArgs e) =>
            {
                l.Object3dEffect.View = e.Value;
            };
            animCam.OnCompleted += (XNAMatrixAnimation sender, XNAMatrixAnimationEventArgs e) =>
            {
                l.Object3dEffect.View = e.Value;
                l.IsAnimatingView     = false;
            };
            animCam.Start();

            Matrix world = l.WorldMatrix * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-l.VectorPoint.X * zoomFactor, -l.VectorPoint.Y, -l.VectorPoint.Z * zoomFactor));

            l.IsAnimatingWorld = true;
            XNAMatrixAnimation animWorld = new XNAMatrixAnimation(l.Object3dEffect.World, world, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.3), 30);

            animWorld.OnAnimating += (XNAMatrixAnimation sender, XNAMatrixAnimationEventArgs e) =>
            {
                l.Object3dEffect.World = e.Value;
            };
            animWorld.OnCompleted += (XNAMatrixAnimation sender, XNAMatrixAnimationEventArgs e) =>
            {
                l.Object3dEffect.World = e.Value;
                l.IsAnimatingWorld     = false;
            };
            animWorld.Start();
        }
Esempio n. 12
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        protected override void Present(XnaTime time)
        {
            var device = Graphics.GraphicsDevice;

            Clear();

            // Compute camera matrices.
            var aspectRatio = (float)device.Viewport.Width / device.Viewport.Height;

            var view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(
                new Vector3(0, 0, -200),
                new Vector3(0, 0, 0),
                Vector3.Up);

            var projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(
                MathHelper.PiOver4,
                aspectRatio,
                1,
                10000);

            // Pass camera matrices through to the particle system components.
            _explosionParticles.SetCamera(view, projection);
            _explosionParticles.Draw(time);
        }
Esempio n. 13
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        private void LoadModel()
        {
            var modelFile = this.ModelFile;

            lock (_modelLock)
            {
                _model = null;

                if (_modelLoadRequest != null)
                {
                    _modelLoadRequest.Dispose();
                    _modelLoadRequest = null;
                }
            }

            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(modelFile))
            {
                this.StatusMessage = _modelUnavailableMessage;
                return;
            }

            try
            {
                modelFile = Path.Combine(ModelDirectory, modelFile);

                if (!Path.HasExtension(modelFile))
                {
                    modelFile = modelFile + XnaContentExtension;
                }

                modelFile = Path.Combine(
                    _workingDirectory,
                    ResourceManager.GetResourcePath(modelFile));
            }
            catch
            {
                modelFile = null;
            }

            if (modelFile == null ||
                !File.Exists(modelFile))
            {
                this.StatusMessage = _modelUnavailableMessage;
                return;
            }

            modelFile = modelFile.Substring(
                0,
                modelFile.Length - XnaContentExtension.Length);

            this.StatusMessage = _loadingMessage;

            if (_contentManager == null)
            {
                return;
            }

            lock (_modelLock)
            {
                _modelLoadRequest = ((Func <string, Model>)_contentManager.Load <Model>)
                                    .ToAsync(Scheduler.ThreadPool)(modelFile)
                                    .ObserveOnDispatcher()
                                    .Subscribe(
                    model =>
                {
                    //var boundingBox = XnaHelper.ComputeBoundingBox(model, Matrix.Identity);
                    //var offset = Math.Max(Math.Abs(boundingBox.Max.Z), Math.Abs(boundingBox.Min.Z)) / 2;

                    var radius         = model.Meshes.Max(o => (o.BoundingSphere.Center - Vector3.Zero).Length() + o.BoundingSphere.Radius);
                    var cameraDistance = (radius * this.CameraDistanceMultiplier);        //(float)((radius+offset) / Math.Tan(Math.PI / 8d)) + Math.Max(Math.Abs(boundingBox.Max.X), Math.Abs(boundingBox.Min.X)) + 1f;

                    var eye = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, cameraDistance);
                    var at  = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
                    var up  = new Vector3(0, 1.0f, 0.0f);

                    ClearValue(StatusMessagePropertyKey);

                    lock (_modelLock)
                    {
                        if (_modelLoadRequest == null)
                        {
                            return;
                        }

                        _modelLoadRequest = null;
                        _model            = model;
                        _viewMatrix       = Matrix.CreateLookAt(eye, at, up);
                    }
                },
                    e =>
                {
                    lock (_modelLock)
                    {
                        if (_modelLoadRequest == null)
                        {
                            return;
                        }

                        _modelLoadRequest = null;

                        this.StatusMessage = _loadFailureMessage;
                    }
                });
            }
        }
Esempio n. 14
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        private void LoadModel()
        {
            var modelFile = ModelFile;

            lock (_modelLock)
            {
                _model = null;

                if (_modelLoadRequest != null)
                {
                    _modelLoadRequest.Dispose();
                    _modelLoadRequest = null;
                }
            }

            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(modelFile))
            {
                StatusMessage = _modelUnavailableMessage;
                return;
            }

            try
            {
                modelFile = Path.Combine(ModelDirectory, modelFile);

                if (!Path.HasExtension(modelFile))
                {
                    modelFile = modelFile + XnaContentExtension;
                }

                modelFile = Path.Combine(
                    _workingDirectory,
                    ResourceManager.GetResourcePath(modelFile));
            }
            catch
            {
                modelFile = null;
            }

            if (modelFile == null ||
                !File.Exists(modelFile))
            {
                StatusMessage = _modelUnavailableMessage;
                return;
            }

            modelFile = modelFile.Substring(
                0,
                modelFile.Length - XnaContentExtension.Length);

            StatusMessage = _loadingMessage;

            var contentManager = Component.Content;

            if (contentManager == null)
            {
                return;
            }

            lock (_modelLock)
            {
                _modelLoadRequest = ((Func <string, Model>)contentManager.Load <Model>)
                                    .ToAsync(Scheduler.ThreadPool)(modelFile)
                                    .ObserveOnDispatcher()
                                    .Subscribe(
                    model =>
                {
                    var radius         = model.Meshes.Max(o => (o.BoundingSphere.Center - Vector3.Zero).Length() + o.BoundingSphere.Radius);
                    var cameraDistance = (radius * CameraDistanceMultiplier);

                    var eye = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, cameraDistance);
                    var at  = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
                    var up  = new Vector3(0, 1.0f, 0.0f);

                    ClearValue(StatusMessagePropertyKey);

                    lock (_modelLock)
                    {
                        if (_modelLoadRequest == null)
                        {
                            return;
                        }

                        _modelLoadRequest = null;
                        _model            = model;
                        _viewMatrix       = Matrix.CreateLookAt(eye, at, up);
                    }
                },
                    e =>
                {
                    lock (_modelLock)
                    {
                        if (_modelLoadRequest == null)
                        {
                            return;
                        }

                        _modelLoadRequest = null;

                        StatusMessage = _loadFailureMessage;
                    }
                });
            }
        }
Esempio n. 15
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        public virtual void Initialize()
        {
            float tilt = MathHelper.ToRadians(0);  // 0 degree angle

            // Use the world matrix to tilt the cube along x and y axes.
            _worldMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationX(tilt) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(tilt);
            _viewMatrix  = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(5, 5, 5), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up);

            _projectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(
                MathHelper.ToRadians(45),  // 45 degree angle
                (float)GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width /
                (float)GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height,
                1.0f, 100.0f);

            _basicEffect = new BasicEffect(GraphicsDevice);

            _basicEffect.World      = _worldMatrix;
            _basicEffect.View       = _viewMatrix;
            _basicEffect.Projection = _projectionMatrix;

            // primitive color
            _basicEffect.AmbientLightColor = new Vector3(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f);
            _basicEffect.DiffuseColor      = new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
            _basicEffect.SpecularColor     = new Vector3(0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f);
            _basicEffect.SpecularPower     = 5.0f;
            _basicEffect.Alpha             = 1.0f;

            _basicEffect.LightingEnabled = true;
            if (_basicEffect.LightingEnabled)
            {
                _basicEffect.DirectionalLight0.Enabled = true; // enable each light individually
                if (_basicEffect.DirectionalLight0.Enabled)
                {
                    // x direction
                    _basicEffect.DirectionalLight0.DiffuseColor = new Vector3(1, 0, 0); // range is 0 to 1
                    _basicEffect.DirectionalLight0.Direction    = Vector3.Normalize(new Vector3(-1, 0, 0));
                    // points from the light to the origin of the scene
                    _basicEffect.DirectionalLight0.SpecularColor = Vector3.One;
                }

                _basicEffect.DirectionalLight1.Enabled = true;
                if (_basicEffect.DirectionalLight1.Enabled)
                {
                    // y direction
                    _basicEffect.DirectionalLight1.DiffuseColor  = new Vector3(0, 0.75f, 0);
                    _basicEffect.DirectionalLight1.Direction     = Vector3.Normalize(new Vector3(0, -1, 0));
                    _basicEffect.DirectionalLight1.SpecularColor = Vector3.One;
                }

                _basicEffect.DirectionalLight2.Enabled = true;
                if (_basicEffect.DirectionalLight2.Enabled)
                {
                    // z direction
                    _basicEffect.DirectionalLight2.DiffuseColor  = new Vector3(0, 0, 0.5f);
                    _basicEffect.DirectionalLight2.Direction     = Vector3.Normalize(new Vector3(0, 0, -1));
                    _basicEffect.DirectionalLight2.SpecularColor = Vector3.One;
                }
            }

            vertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration(new[]
            {
                new VertexElement(0, VertexElementFormat.Vector3, VertexElementUsage.Position, 0),
                new VertexElement(12, VertexElementFormat.Vector3, VertexElementUsage.Normal, 0),
                new VertexElement(24, VertexElementFormat.Vector2, VertexElementUsage.TextureCoordinate, 0)
            });

            Vector3 topLeftFront     = new Vector3(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
            Vector3 bottomLeftFront  = new Vector3(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
            Vector3 topRightFront    = new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
            Vector3 bottomRightFront = new Vector3(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
            Vector3 topLeftBack      = new Vector3(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
            Vector3 topRightBack     = new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
            Vector3 bottomLeftBack   = new Vector3(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
            Vector3 bottomRightBack  = new Vector3(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);

            Vector2 textureTopLeft     = new Vector2(0.0f, 0.0f);
            Vector2 textureTopRight    = new Vector2(1.0f, 0.0f);
            Vector2 textureBottomLeft  = new Vector2(0.0f, 1.0f);
            Vector2 textureBottomRight = new Vector2(1.0f, 1.0f);

            Vector3 frontNormal  = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
            Vector3 backNormal   = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);
            Vector3 topNormal    = new Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
            Vector3 bottomNormal = new Vector3(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
            Vector3 leftNormal   = new Vector3(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
            Vector3 rightNormal  = new Vector3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

            var cubeVertices = new VertexPositionNormalTexture[36];

            // Front face.
            cubeVertices[0] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topLeftFront, frontNormal, textureTopLeft);
            cubeVertices[1] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomLeftFront, frontNormal, textureBottomLeft);
            cubeVertices[2] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topRightFront, frontNormal, textureTopRight);
            cubeVertices[3] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomLeftFront, frontNormal, textureBottomLeft);
            cubeVertices[4] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomRightFront, frontNormal, textureBottomRight);
            cubeVertices[5] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topRightFront, frontNormal, textureTopRight);

            // Back face.
            cubeVertices[6]  = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topLeftBack, backNormal, textureTopRight);
            cubeVertices[7]  = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topRightBack, backNormal, textureTopLeft);
            cubeVertices[8]  = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomLeftBack, backNormal, textureBottomRight);
            cubeVertices[9]  = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomLeftBack, backNormal, textureBottomRight);
            cubeVertices[10] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topRightBack, backNormal, textureTopLeft);
            cubeVertices[11] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomRightBack, backNormal, textureBottomLeft);

            // Top face.
            cubeVertices[12] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topLeftFront, topNormal, textureBottomLeft);
            cubeVertices[13] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topRightBack, topNormal, textureTopRight);
            cubeVertices[14] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topLeftBack, topNormal, textureTopLeft);
            cubeVertices[15] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topLeftFront, topNormal, textureBottomLeft);
            cubeVertices[16] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topRightFront, topNormal, textureBottomRight);
            cubeVertices[17] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topRightBack, topNormal, textureTopRight);

            // Bottom face.
            cubeVertices[18] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomLeftFront, bottomNormal, textureTopLeft);
            cubeVertices[19] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomLeftBack, bottomNormal, textureBottomLeft);
            cubeVertices[20] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomRightBack, bottomNormal, textureBottomRight);
            cubeVertices[21] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomLeftFront, bottomNormal, textureTopLeft);
            cubeVertices[22] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomRightBack, bottomNormal, textureBottomRight);
            cubeVertices[23] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomRightFront, bottomNormal, textureTopRight);

            // Left face.
            cubeVertices[24] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topLeftFront, leftNormal, textureTopRight);
            cubeVertices[25] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomLeftBack, leftNormal, textureBottomLeft);
            cubeVertices[26] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomLeftFront, leftNormal, textureBottomRight);
            cubeVertices[27] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topLeftBack, leftNormal, textureTopLeft);
            cubeVertices[28] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomLeftBack, leftNormal, textureBottomLeft);
            cubeVertices[29] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topLeftFront, leftNormal, textureTopRight);

            // Right face.
            cubeVertices[30] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topRightFront, rightNormal, textureTopLeft);
            cubeVertices[31] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomRightFront, rightNormal, textureBottomLeft);
            cubeVertices[32] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomRightBack, rightNormal, textureBottomRight);
            cubeVertices[33] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topRightBack, rightNormal, textureTopRight);
            cubeVertices[34] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(topRightFront, rightNormal, textureTopLeft);
            cubeVertices[35] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(bottomRightBack, rightNormal, textureBottomRight);

            _vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(GraphicsDevice, vertexDeclaration, cubeVertices.Length, BufferUsage.None);
            _vertexBuffer.SetData(cubeVertices);
        }
        MathboxRenderer(Machine machine, ScreenManager screenManager)
        {
            Machine       = machine;
            Memory        = Machine.Mathbox.Memory16;
            ScreenManager = screenManager;

            if (!(screenManager.Game is I_Robot.Game game))
            {
                throw new Exception("VideoInterpreter can only be used with I_Robot.Game");
            }
            Game = game;

            DisplayListManager = new DisplayList.Manager(this);
            Object             = new ObjectRenderer(this);
            Terrain            = new TerrainRenderer(this);

            // create our scene buffer
            // this buffer has a z-buffer
            SceneBuffer = new RenderTarget2D(
                Game.GraphicsDevice,
                Game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width,
                Game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height,
                false,
                Game.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferFormat,
                DepthFormat.None,
                8,
                RenderTargetUsage.DiscardContents);

            // create our two screen buffers
            // these buffers do not require depth sorting, they are simply raw bitmaps
            // however the contents need to be preserved when rendering context is reset
            for (int n = 0; n < ScreenBuffers.Length; n++)
            {
                ScreenBuffers[n] = new RenderTarget2D(
                    Game.GraphicsDevice,
                    Game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width,
                    Game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height,
                    false,
                    Game.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferFormat,
                    DepthFormat.None,
                    0,
                    RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents);
            }

            camTarget   = new Vector3(0f, 0f, 0f);
            camPosition = new Vector3(0f, 0f, -1f);

            double scaleToMonitor = Emulation.Machine.MonitorAspectRatio / Emulation.Machine.NativeAspectRatio;

            projectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(
                MathHelper.ToRadians(45f),
                (float)(Game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.AspectRatio / scaleToMonitor),
                0.1f,
                65536f);

            // it's important to move the projection matrix down a bit, this matches what I, Robot seems to do
            projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(0, -0.1f, 0));
            viewMatrix       = Matrix.CreateLookAt(camPosition, camTarget, Vector3.Up);
            worldMatrix      = Matrix.CreateWorld(Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Forward, Vector3.Down);

            basicEffect       = new BasicEffect(Game.GraphicsDevice);
            basicEffect.Alpha = 1f;
            basicEffect.VertexColorEnabled = true; // Want to see the colors of the vertices, this needs to be on
            // Lighting requires normal information which VertexPositionColor does not have
            // If you want to use lighting and VPC you need to create a custom def
            basicEffect.LightingEnabled = false;
        }