private bool TryArrayVarianceAdjustmentToGetAccessibleType(CSemanticChecker semanticChecker, BindingContext bindingContext, ArrayType typeSrc, out CType typeDst)
{
Debug.Assert(typeSrc != null);
typeDst = null;
// We are here because we have an array type with an inaccessible element type. If possible,
// we should create a new array type that has an accessible element type for which a
// conversion exists.
CType elementType = typeSrc.GetElementType();
if (!elementType.IsRefType())
{
// Covariant array conversions exist for reference types only.
return(false);
}
CType intermediateType;
if (GetBestAccessibleType(semanticChecker, bindingContext, elementType, out intermediateType))
{
typeDst = this.GetArray(intermediateType, typeSrc.rank, typeSrc.IsSZArray);
Debug.Assert(semanticChecker.CheckTypeAccess(typeDst, bindingContext.ContextForMemberLookup));
return(true);
}
return(false);
}
/***************************************************************************************************
*
* There exists an explicit conversion ...
* From a generic delegate type S to generic delegate type T, provided all of the follow are true:
* o Both types are constructed generic types of the same generic delegate type, D<X1,... Xk>.That is,
* S is D<S1,... Sk> and T is D<T1,... Tk>.
* o S is not compatible with or identical to T.
* o If type parameter Xi is declared to be invariant then Si must be identical to Ti.
* o If type parameter Xi is declared to be covariant ("out") then Si must be convertible
* to Ti via an identify conversion, implicit reference conversion, or explicit reference conversion.
* o If type parameter Xi is declared to be contravariant ("in") then either Si must be identical to Ti,
* or Si and Ti must both be reference types.
***************************************************************************************************/
public static bool HasGenericDelegateExplicitReferenceConversion(SymbolLoader loader, CType pSource, CType pTarget)
{
if (!pSource.isDelegateType() ||
!pTarget.isDelegateType() ||
pSource.getAggregate() != pTarget.getAggregate() ||
loader.HasIdentityOrImplicitReferenceConversion(pSource, pTarget))
{
return(false);
}
TypeArray pTypeParams = pSource.getAggregate().GetTypeVarsAll();
TypeArray pSourceArgs = ((AggregateType)pSource).GetTypeArgsAll();
TypeArray pTargetArgs = ((AggregateType)pTarget).GetTypeArgsAll();
Debug.Assert(pTypeParams.Count == pSourceArgs.Count);
Debug.Assert(pTypeParams.Count == pTargetArgs.Count);
for (int iParam = 0; iParam < pTypeParams.Count; ++iParam)
{
CType pSourceArg = pSourceArgs[iParam];
CType pTargetArg = pTargetArgs[iParam];
// If they're identical then this one is automatically good, so skip it.
// If we have an error type, then we're in some fault tolerance. Let it through.
if (pSourceArg == pTargetArg)
{
continue;
}
TypeParameterType pParam = (TypeParameterType)pTypeParams[iParam];
if (pParam.Invariant)
{
return(false);
}
if (pParam.Covariant)
{
if (!FExpRefConv(loader, pSourceArg, pTargetArg))
{
return(false);
}
}
else if (pParam.Contravariant)
{
if (!pSourceArg.IsRefType() || !pTargetArg.IsRefType())
{
return(false);
}
}
}
return(true);
}
public bool HasImplicitBoxingConversion(CType pSource, CType pDest)
{
Debug.Assert(pSource != null);
Debug.Assert(pDest != null);
// Certain type parameter conversions are classified as boxing conversions.
if (pSource.IsTypeParameterType() &&
HasImplicitBoxingTypeParameterConversion(pSource.AsTypeParameterType(), pDest))
{
return(true);
}
// The rest of the boxing conversions only operate when going from a value type
// to a reference type.
if (!pSource.IsValType() || !pDest.IsRefType())
{
return(false);
}
// A boxing conversion exists from a nullable type to a reference type
// if and only if a boxing conversion exists from the underlying type.
if (pSource.IsNullableType())
{
return(HasImplicitBoxingConversion(pSource.AsNullableType().GetUnderlyingType(), pDest));
}
// A boxing conversion exists from any non-nullable value type to object,
// to System.ValueType, and to any interface type implemented by the
// non-nullable value type. Furthermore, an enum type can be converted
// to the type System.Enum.
// We set the base class of the structs to System.ValueType, System.Enum, etc,
// so we can just check here.
if (IsBaseClass(pSource, pDest))
{
return(true);
}
if (HasAnyBaseInterfaceConversion(pSource, pDest))
{
return(true);
}
return(false);
}
private bool HasImplicitBoxingConversion(CType pSource, CType pDest)
{
Debug.Assert(pSource != null);
Debug.Assert(pDest != null);
Debug.Assert(!(pSource is TypeParameterType));
// The rest of the boxing conversions only operate when going from a value type
// to a reference type.
if (!pDest.IsRefType())
{
return(false);
}
// A boxing conversion exists from a nullable type to a reference type
// if and only if a boxing conversion exists from the underlying type.
if (pSource is NullableType nubSource)
{
pSource = nubSource.UnderlyingType; // pSource.IsValType() known to be true.
}
else if (!pSource.IsValType())
{
return(false);
}
// A boxing conversion exists from any non-nullable value type to object,
// to System.ValueType, and to any interface type implemented by the
// non-nullable value type. Furthermore, an enum type can be converted
// to the type System.Enum.
// We set the base class of the structs to System.ValueType, System.Enum, etc,
// so we can just check here.
return(IsBaseClass(pSource, pDest) || HasAnyBaseInterfaceConversion(pSource, pDest));
}
private static bool CheckSingleConstraint(CSemanticChecker checker, ErrorHandling errHandling, Symbol symErr, TypeParameterType var, CType arg, TypeArray typeArgsCls, TypeArray typeArgsMeth, CheckConstraintsFlags flags)
{
bool fReportErrors = 0 == (flags & CheckConstraintsFlags.NoErrors);
if (arg is OpenTypePlaceholderType)
{
return(true);
}
if (arg is ErrorType)
{
// Error should have been reported previously.
return(false);
}
if (checker.CheckBogus(arg))
{
if (fReportErrors)
{
errHandling.ErrorRef(ErrorCode.ERR_BogusType, arg);
}
return(false);
}
if (arg is PointerType)
{
if (fReportErrors)
{
errHandling.Error(ErrorCode.ERR_BadTypeArgument, arg);
}
return(false);
}
if (arg.isStaticClass())
{
if (fReportErrors)
{
checker.ReportStaticClassError(null, arg, ErrorCode.ERR_GenericArgIsStaticClass);
}
return(false);
}
bool fError = false;
if (var.HasRefConstraint() && !arg.IsRefType())
{
if (fReportErrors)
{
errHandling.ErrorRef(ErrorCode.ERR_RefConstraintNotSatisfied, symErr, new ErrArgNoRef(var), arg);
}
fError = true;
}
TypeArray bnds = checker.GetSymbolLoader().GetTypeManager().SubstTypeArray(var.GetBounds(), typeArgsCls, typeArgsMeth);
int itypeMin = 0;
if (var.HasValConstraint())
{
// If we have a type variable that is constrained to a value type, then we
// want to check if its a nullable type, so that we can report the
// constraint error below. In order to do this however, we need to check
// that either the type arg is not a value type, or it is a nullable type.
//
// To check whether or not its a nullable type, we need to get the resolved
// bound from the type argument and check against that.
bool bIsValueType = arg.IsValType();
bool bIsNullable = arg is NullableType;
if (bIsValueType && arg is TypeParameterType typeArg)
{
TypeArray pArgBnds = typeArg.GetBounds();
if (pArgBnds.Count > 0)
{
bIsNullable = pArgBnds[0] is NullableType;
}
}
if (!bIsValueType || bIsNullable)
{
if (fReportErrors)
{
errHandling.ErrorRef(ErrorCode.ERR_ValConstraintNotSatisfied, symErr, new ErrArgNoRef(var), arg);
}
fError = true;
}
// Since FValCon() is set it is redundant to check System.ValueType as well.
if (bnds.Count != 0 && bnds[0].isPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_VALUE))
{
itypeMin = 1;
}
}
for (int j = itypeMin; j < bnds.Count; j++)
{
CType typeBnd = bnds[j];
if (!SatisfiesBound(checker, arg, typeBnd))
{
if (fReportErrors)
{
// The bound isn't satisfied because of a constraint type. Explain to the user why not.
// There are 4 main cases, based on the type of the supplied type argument:
// - reference type, or type parameter known to be a reference type
// - nullable type, from which there is a boxing conversion to the constraint type(see below for details)
// - type variable
// - value type
// These cases are broken out because: a) The sets of conversions which can be used
// for constraint satisfaction is different based on the type argument supplied,
// and b) Nullable is one funky type, and user's can use all the help they can get
// when using it.
ErrorCode error;
if (arg.IsRefType())
{
// A reference type can only satisfy bounds to types
// to which they have an implicit reference conversion
error = ErrorCode.ERR_GenericConstraintNotSatisfiedRefType;
}
else if (arg is NullableType nubArg && checker.GetSymbolLoader().HasBaseConversion(nubArg.GetUnderlyingType(), typeBnd)) // This is inlining FBoxingConv
{
// nullable types do not satisfy bounds to every type that they are boxable to
// They only satisfy bounds of object and ValueType
if (typeBnd.isPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_ENUM) || nubArg.GetUnderlyingType() == typeBnd)
{
// Nullable types don't satisfy bounds of EnumType, or the underlying type of the enum
// even though the conversion from Nullable to these types is a boxing conversion
// This is a rare case, because these bounds can never be directly stated ...
// These bounds can only occur when one type paramter is constrained to a second type parameter
// and the second type parameter is instantiated with Enum or the underlying type of the first type
// parameter
error = ErrorCode.ERR_GenericConstraintNotSatisfiedNullableEnum;
}
else
{
// Nullable types don't satisfy the bounds of any interface type
// even when there is a boxing conversion from the Nullable type to
// the interface type. This will be a relatively common scenario
// so we cal it out separately from the previous case.
Debug.Assert(typeBnd.isInterfaceType());
error = ErrorCode.ERR_GenericConstraintNotSatisfiedNullableInterface;
}
}
else if (arg is TypeParameterType)
{
// Type variables can satisfy bounds through boxing and type variable conversions
Debug.Assert(!arg.IsRefType());
error = ErrorCode.ERR_GenericConstraintNotSatisfiedTyVar;
}
else
{
// Value types can only satisfy bounds through boxing conversions.
// Note that the exceptional case of Nullable types and boxing is handled above.
error = ErrorCode.ERR_GenericConstraintNotSatisfiedValType;
}
errHandling.Error(error, new ErrArgRef(symErr), new ErrArg(typeBnd, ErrArgFlags.Unique), var, new ErrArgRef(arg, ErrArgFlags.Unique));
}
fError = true;
}
}
/***************************************************************************************************
Determine whether there is an explicit or implicit reference conversion (or identity conversion)
from typeSrc to typeDst. This is when:
13.2.3 Explicit reference conversions
The explicit reference conversions are:
* From object to any reference-type.
* From any class-type S to any class-type T, provided S is a base class of T.
* From any class-type S to any interface-type T, provided S is not sealed and provided S does not implement T.
* From any interface-type S to any class-type T, provided T is not sealed or provided T implements S.
* From any interface-type S to any interface-type T, provided S is not derived from T.
* From an array-type S with an element type SE to an array-type T with an element type TE, provided all of the following are true:
o S and T differ only in element type. (In other words, S and T have the same number of dimensions.)
o An explicit reference conversion exists from SE to TE.
* From System.Array and the interfaces it implements, to any array-type.
* From System.Delegate and the interfaces it implements, to any delegate-type.
* From a one-dimensional array-type S[] to System.Collections.Generic.IList<T>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList<T> and their base interfaces, provided there is an explicit reference conversion from S to T.
* From a generic delegate type S to generic delegate type T, provided all of the follow are true:
o Both types are constructed generic types of the same generic delegate type, D<X1,... Xk>.That is,
S is D<S1,... Sk> and T is D<T1,... Tk>.
o S is not compatible with or identical to T.
o If type parameter Xi is declared to be invariant then Si must be identical to Ti.
o If type parameter Xi is declared to be covariant ("out") then Si must be convertible
to Ti via an identify conversion, implicit reference conversion, or explicit reference conversion.
o If type parameter Xi is declared to be contravariant ("in") then either Si must be identical to Ti,
or Si and Ti must both be reference types.
* From System.Collections.Generic.IList<T>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList<T> and their base interfaces to a one-dimensional array-type S[], provided there is an implicit or explicit reference conversion from S[] to System.Collections.Generic.IList<T> or System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList<T>. This is precisely when either S and T are the same type or there is an implicit or explicit reference conversion from S to T.
For a type-parameter T that is known to be a reference type (§25.7), the following explicit reference conversions exist:
* From the effective base class C of T to T and from any base class of C to T.
* From any interface-type to T.
* From T to any interface-type I provided there isn’t already an implicit reference conversion from T to I.
* From a type-parameter U to T provided that T depends on U (§25.7). [Note: Since T is known to be a reference type, within the scope of T, the run-time type of U will always be a reference type, even if U is not known to be a reference type at compile-time. end note]
* Both src and dst are reference types and there is a builtin explicit conversion from
src to dst.
* Or src is a reference type and dst is a base type of src (in which case the conversion is
implicit as well).
* Or dst is a reference type and src is a base type of dst.
The latter two cases can happen with type variables even though the other type variable is not
a reference type.
***************************************************************************************************/
public static bool FExpRefConv(SymbolLoader loader, CType typeSrc, CType typeDst)
{
Debug.Assert(typeSrc != null);
Debug.Assert(typeDst != null);
if (typeSrc.IsRefType() && typeDst.IsRefType())
{
// is there an implicit reference conversion in either direction?
// this handles the bulk of the cases ...
if (loader.HasIdentityOrImplicitReferenceConversion(typeSrc, typeDst) ||
loader.HasIdentityOrImplicitReferenceConversion(typeDst, typeSrc))
{
return true;
}
// For a type-parameter T that is known to be a reference type (§25.7), the following explicit reference conversions exist:
// • From any interface-type to T.
// • From T to any interface-type I provided there isn’t already an implicit reference conversion from T to I.
if (typeSrc.isInterfaceType() && typeDst.IsTypeParameterType())
{
return true;
}
if (typeSrc.IsTypeParameterType() && typeDst.isInterfaceType())
{
return true;
}
// * From any class-type S to any interface-type T, provided S is not sealed
// * From any interface-type S to any class-type T, provided T is not sealed
// * From any interface-type S to any interface-type T, provided S is not derived from T.
if (typeSrc.IsAggregateType() && typeDst.IsAggregateType())
{
AggregateSymbol aggSrc = typeSrc.AsAggregateType().getAggregate();
AggregateSymbol aggDest = typeDst.AsAggregateType().getAggregate();
if ((aggSrc.IsClass() && !aggSrc.IsSealed() && aggDest.IsInterface()) ||
(aggSrc.IsInterface() && aggDest.IsClass() && !aggDest.IsSealed()) ||
(aggSrc.IsInterface() && aggDest.IsInterface()))
{
return true;
}
}
// * From an array-type S with an element type SE to an array-type T with an element type TE, provided all of the following are true:
// o S and T differ only in element type. (In other words, S and T have the same number of dimensions.)
// o An explicit reference conversion exists from SE to TE.
if (typeSrc.IsArrayType() && typeDst.IsArrayType())
{
return typeSrc.AsArrayType().rank == typeDst.AsArrayType().rank && FExpRefConv(loader, typeSrc.AsArrayType().GetElementType(), typeDst.AsArrayType().GetElementType());
}
// * From a one-dimensional array-type S[] to System.Collections.Generic.IList<T>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList<T>
// and their base interfaces, provided there is an explicit reference conversion from S to T.
if (typeSrc.IsArrayType())
{
if (typeSrc.AsArrayType().rank != 1 ||
!typeDst.isInterfaceType() || typeDst.AsAggregateType().GetTypeArgsAll().Size != 1)
{
return false;
}
AggregateSymbol aggIList = loader.GetOptPredefAgg(PredefinedType.PT_G_ILIST);
AggregateSymbol aggIReadOnlyList = loader.GetOptPredefAgg(PredefinedType.PT_G_IREADONLYLIST);
if ((aggIList == null ||
!loader.IsBaseAggregate(aggIList, typeDst.AsAggregateType().getAggregate())) &&
(aggIReadOnlyList == null ||
!loader.IsBaseAggregate(aggIReadOnlyList, typeDst.AsAggregateType().getAggregate())))
{
return false;
}
return FExpRefConv(loader, typeSrc.AsArrayType().GetElementType(), typeDst.AsAggregateType().GetTypeArgsAll().Item(0));
}
if (typeDst.IsArrayType() && typeSrc.IsAggregateType())
{
// * From System.Array and the interfaces it implements, to any array-type.
if (loader.HasIdentityOrImplicitReferenceConversion(loader.GetReqPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_ARRAY), typeSrc))
{
return true;
}
// * From System.Collections.Generic.IList<T>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList<T> and their base interfaces to a
// one-dimensional array-type S[], provided there is an implicit or explicit reference conversion from S[] to
// System.Collections.Generic.IList<T> or System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList<T>. This is precisely when either S and T
// are the same type or there is an implicit or explicit reference conversion from S to T.
ArrayType arrayDest = typeDst.AsArrayType();
AggregateType aggtypeSrc = typeSrc.AsAggregateType();
if (arrayDest.rank != 1 || !typeSrc.isInterfaceType() ||
aggtypeSrc.GetTypeArgsAll().Size != 1)
{
return false;
}
AggregateSymbol aggIList = loader.GetOptPredefAgg(PredefinedType.PT_G_ILIST);
AggregateSymbol aggIReadOnlyList = loader.GetOptPredefAgg(PredefinedType.PT_G_IREADONLYLIST);
if ((aggIList == null ||
!loader.IsBaseAggregate(aggIList, aggtypeSrc.getAggregate())) &&
(aggIReadOnlyList == null ||
!loader.IsBaseAggregate(aggIReadOnlyList, aggtypeSrc.getAggregate())))
{
return false;
}
CType typeArr = arrayDest.GetElementType();
CType typeLst = aggtypeSrc.GetTypeArgsAll().Item(0);
Debug.Assert(!typeArr.IsNeverSameType());
return typeArr == typeLst || FExpRefConv(loader, typeArr, typeLst);
}
if (HasGenericDelegateExplicitReferenceConversion(loader, typeSrc, typeDst))
{
return true;
}
}
else if (typeSrc.IsRefType())
{
// conversion of T . U, where T : class, U
// .. these constraints implies where U : class
return loader.HasIdentityOrImplicitReferenceConversion(typeSrc, typeDst);
}
else if (typeDst.IsRefType())
{
// conversion of T . U, where U : class, T
// .. these constraints implies where T : class
return loader.HasIdentityOrImplicitReferenceConversion(typeDst, typeSrc);
}
return false;
}
// WARNING: These methods do not precisely match the spec.
// WARNING: For example most also return true for identiy conversions,
// WARNING: FExpRefConv includes all Implict and Explicit reference conversions.
/***************************************************************************************************
Determine whether there is an implicit reference conversion from typeSrc to typeDst. This is
when the source is a reference type and the destination is a base type of the source. Note
that typeDst.IsRefType() may still return false (when both are type parameters).
***************************************************************************************************/
public static bool FImpRefConv(SymbolLoader loader, CType typeSrc, CType typeDst)
{
return typeSrc.IsRefType() && loader.HasIdentityOrImplicitReferenceConversion(typeSrc, typeDst);
}
private static bool CheckSingleConstraint(CSemanticChecker checker, ErrorHandling errHandling, Symbol symErr, TypeParameterType var, CType arg, TypeArray typeArgsCls, TypeArray typeArgsMeth, CheckConstraintsFlags flags)
{
bool fReportErrors = 0 == (flags & CheckConstraintsFlags.NoErrors);
if (arg.IsOpenTypePlaceholderType())
{
return true;
}
if (arg.IsErrorType())
{
// Error should have been reported previously.
return false;
}
if (checker.CheckBogus(arg))
{
if (fReportErrors)
{
errHandling.ErrorRef(ErrorCode.ERR_BogusType, arg);
}
return false;
}
if (arg.IsPointerType() || arg.isSpecialByRefType())
{
if (fReportErrors)
{
errHandling.Error(ErrorCode.ERR_BadTypeArgument, arg);
}
return false;
}
if (arg.isStaticClass())
{
if (fReportErrors)
{
checker.ReportStaticClassError(null, arg, ErrorCode.ERR_GenericArgIsStaticClass);
}
return false;
}
bool fError = false;
if (var.HasRefConstraint() && !arg.IsRefType())
{
if (fReportErrors)
{
errHandling.ErrorRef(ErrorCode.ERR_RefConstraintNotSatisfied, symErr, new ErrArgNoRef(var), arg);
}
fError = true;
}
TypeArray bnds = checker.GetSymbolLoader().GetTypeManager().SubstTypeArray(var.GetBounds(), typeArgsCls, typeArgsMeth);
int itypeMin = 0;
if (var.HasValConstraint())
{
// If we have a type variable that is constrained to a value type, then we
// want to check if its a nullable type, so that we can report the
// constraint error below. In order to do this however, we need to check
// that either the type arg is not a value type, or it is a nullable type.
//
// To check whether or not its a nullable type, we need to get the resolved
// bound from the type argument and check against that.
bool bIsValueType = arg.IsValType();
bool bIsNullable = arg.IsNullableType();
if (bIsValueType && arg.IsTypeParameterType())
{
TypeArray pArgBnds = arg.AsTypeParameterType().GetBounds();
if (pArgBnds.size > 0)
{
bIsNullable = pArgBnds.Item(0).IsNullableType();
}
}
if (!bIsValueType || bIsNullable)
{
if (fReportErrors)
{
errHandling.ErrorRef(ErrorCode.ERR_ValConstraintNotSatisfied, symErr, new ErrArgNoRef(var), arg);
}
fError = true;
}
// Since FValCon() is set it is redundant to check System.ValueType as well.
if (bnds.size != 0 && bnds.Item(0).isPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_VALUE))
{
itypeMin = 1;
}
}
for (int j = itypeMin; j < bnds.size; j++)
{
CType typeBnd = bnds.Item(j);
if (!SatisfiesBound(checker, arg, typeBnd))
{
if (fReportErrors)
{
// The bound isn't satisfied because of a constaint type. Explain to the user why not.
// There are 4 main cases, based on the type of the supplied type argument:
// - reference type, or type parameter known to be a reference type
// - nullable type, from which there is a boxing conversion to the constraint type(see below for details)
// - type varaiable
// - value type
// These cases are broken out because: a) The sets of conversions which can be used
// for constraint satisfaction is different based on the type argument supplied,
// and b) Nullable is one funky type, and user's can use all the help they can get
// when using it.
ErrorCode error;
if (arg.IsRefType())
{
// A reference type can only satisfy bounds to types
// to which they have an implicit reference conversion
error = ErrorCode.ERR_GenericConstraintNotSatisfiedRefType;
}
else if (arg.IsNullableType() && checker.GetSymbolLoader().HasBaseConversion(arg.AsNullableType().GetUnderlyingType(), typeBnd)) // This is inlining FBoxingConv
{
// nullable types do not satisfy bounds to every type that they are boxable to
// They only satisfy bounds of object and ValueType
if (typeBnd.isPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_ENUM) || arg.AsNullableType().GetUnderlyingType() == typeBnd)
{
// Nullable types don't satisfy bounds of EnumType, or the underlying type of the enum
// even though the conversion from Nullable to these types is a boxing conversion
// This is a rare case, because these bounds can never be directly stated ...
// These bounds can only occur when one type paramter is constrained to a second type parameter
// and the second type parameter is instantiated with Enum or the underlying type of the first type
// parameter
error = ErrorCode.ERR_GenericConstraintNotSatisfiedNullableEnum;
}
else
{
// Nullable types don't satisfy the bounds of any interface type
// even when there is a boxing conversion from the Nullable type to
// the interface type. This will be a relatively common scenario
// so we cal it out separately from the previous case.
Debug.Assert(typeBnd.isInterfaceType());
error = ErrorCode.ERR_GenericConstraintNotSatisfiedNullableInterface;
}
}
else if (arg.IsTypeParameterType())
{
// Type variables can satisfy bounds through boxing and type variable conversions
Debug.Assert(!arg.IsRefType());
error = ErrorCode.ERR_GenericConstraintNotSatisfiedTyVar;
}
else
{
// Value types can only satisfy bounds through boxing conversions.
// Note that the exceptional case of Nullable types and boxing is handled above.
error = ErrorCode.ERR_GenericConstraintNotSatisfiedValType;
}
errHandling.Error(error, new ErrArgRef(symErr), new ErrArg(typeBnd, ErrArgFlags.Unique), var, new ErrArgRef(arg, ErrArgFlags.Unique));
}
fError = true;
}
}
// Check the newable constraint.
if (!var.HasNewConstraint() || arg.IsValType())
{
return !fError;
}
if (arg.isClassType())
{
AggregateSymbol agg = arg.AsAggregateType().getAggregate();
// Due to late binding nature of IDE created symbols, the AggregateSymbol might not
// have all the information necessary yet, if it is not fully bound.
// by calling LookupAggMember, it will ensure that we will update all the
// information necessary at least for the given method.
checker.GetSymbolLoader().LookupAggMember(checker.GetNameManager().GetPredefName(PredefinedName.PN_CTOR), agg, symbmask_t.MASK_ALL);
if (agg.HasPubNoArgCtor() && !agg.IsAbstract())
{
return !fError;
}
}
else if (arg.IsTypeParameterType() && arg.AsTypeParameterType().HasNewConstraint())
{
return !fError;
}
if (fReportErrors)
{
errHandling.ErrorRef(ErrorCode.ERR_NewConstraintNotSatisfied, symErr, new ErrArgNoRef(var), arg);
}
return false;
}
private bool HasImplicitReferenceConversion(CType pSource, CType pDest)
{
Debug.Assert(pSource != null);
Debug.Assert(pDest != null);
Debug.Assert(!(pSource is TypeParameterType));
// The implicit reference conversions are:
// * From any reference type to Object.
if (pSource.IsRefType() && pDest.isPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_OBJECT))
{
return(true);
}
if (pSource is AggregateType aggSource)
{
if (pDest is AggregateType aggDest)
{
switch (aggSource.GetOwningAggregate().AggKind())
{
case AggKindEnum.Class:
switch (aggDest.GetOwningAggregate().AggKind())
{
case AggKindEnum.Class:
// * From any class type S to any class type T provided S is derived from T.
return(IsBaseClass(aggSource, aggDest));
case AggKindEnum.Interface:
// ORIGINAL RULES:
// // * From any class type S to any interface type T provided S implements T.
// if (pSource.isClassType() && pDest.isInterfaceType() && IsBaseInterface(pSource, pDest))
// {
// return true;
// }
// // * from any interface type S to any interface type T, provided S is derived from T.
// if (pSource.isInterfaceType() && pDest.isInterfaceType() && IsBaseInterface(pSource, pDest))
// {
// return true;
// }
// VARIANCE EXTENSIONS:
// * From any class type S to any interface type T provided S implements an interface
// convertible to T.
// * From any interface type S to any interface type T provided S implements an interface
// convertible to T.
// * From any interface type S to any interface type T provided S is not T and S is
// an interface convertible to T.
return(HasAnyBaseInterfaceConversion(aggSource, aggDest));
}
break;
case AggKindEnum.Interface:
if (aggDest.isInterfaceType())
{
return(HasAnyBaseInterfaceConversion(aggSource, aggDest) ||
HasInterfaceConversion(aggSource, aggDest));
}
break;
case AggKindEnum.Delegate:
// * From any delegate type to System.Delegate
//
// SPEC OMISSION:
//
// The spec should actually say
//
// * From any delegate type to System.Delegate
// * From any delegate type to System.MulticastDelegate
// * From any delegate type to any interface implemented by System.MulticastDelegate
if (aggDest.isPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_MULTIDEL) ||
aggDest.isPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_DELEGATE) || IsBaseInterface(
GetPredefindType(PredefinedType.PT_MULTIDEL), aggDest))
{
return(true);
}
// VARIANCE EXTENSION:
// * From any delegate type S to a delegate type T provided S is not T and
// S is a delegate convertible to T
return(pDest.isDelegateType() && HasDelegateConversion(aggSource, aggDest));
}
}
}
else if (pSource is ArrayType arrSource)
{
// * From an array type S with an element type SE to an array type T with element type TE
// provided that all of the following are true:
// * S and T differ only in element type. In other words, S and T have the same number of dimensions.
// * Both SE and TE are reference types.
// * An implicit reference conversion exists from SE to TE.
if (pDest is ArrayType arrDest)
{
return(HasCovariantArrayConversion(arrSource, arrDest));
}
if (pDest is AggregateType aggDest)
{
// * From any array type to System.Array or any interface implemented by System.Array.
if (aggDest.isPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_ARRAY) ||
IsBaseInterface(GetPredefindType(PredefinedType.PT_ARRAY), aggDest))
{
return(true);
}
// * From a single-dimensional array type S[] to IList<T> and its base
// interfaces, provided that there is an implicit identity or reference
// conversion from S to T.
return(HasArrayConversionToInterface(arrSource, pDest));
}
}
else if (pSource is NullType)
{
// * From the null literal to any reference type
// NOTE: We extend the specification here. The C# 3.0 spec does not describe
// a "null type". Rather, it says that the null literal is typeless, and is
// convertible to any reference or nullable type. However, the C# 2.0 and 3.0
// implementations have a "null type" which some expressions other than the
// null literal may have. (For example, (null??null), which is also an
// extension to the specification.)
return(pDest.IsRefType() || pDest is NullableType);
}
return(false);
}
/***************************************************************************************************
* Determine whether there is an explicit or implicit reference conversion (or identity conversion)
* from typeSrc to typeDst. This is when:
*
* 13.2.3 Explicit reference conversions
*
* The explicit reference conversions are:
* From object to any reference-type.
* From any class-type S to any class-type T, provided S is a base class of T.
* From any class-type S to any interface-type T, provided S is not sealed and provided S does not implement T.
* From any interface-type S to any class-type T, provided T is not sealed or provided T implements S.
* From any interface-type S to any interface-type T, provided S is not derived from T.
* From an array-type S with an element type SE to an array-type T with an element type TE, provided all of the following are true:
* o S and T differ only in element type. (In other words, S and T have the same number of dimensions.)
* o An explicit reference conversion exists from SE to TE.
* From System.Array and the interfaces it implements, to any array-type.
* From System.Delegate and the interfaces it implements, to any delegate-type.
* From a one-dimensional array-type S[] to System.Collections.Generic.IList<T>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList<T> and their base interfaces, provided there is an explicit reference conversion from S to T.
* From a generic delegate type S to generic delegate type T, provided all of the follow are true:
* o Both types are constructed generic types of the same generic delegate type, D<X1,... Xk>.That is,
* S is D<S1,... Sk> and T is D<T1,... Tk>.
* o S is not compatible with or identical to T.
* o If type parameter Xi is declared to be invariant then Si must be identical to Ti.
* o If type parameter Xi is declared to be covariant ("out") then Si must be convertible
* to Ti via an identify conversion, implicit reference conversion, or explicit reference conversion.
* o If type parameter Xi is declared to be contravariant ("in") then either Si must be identical to Ti,
* or Si and Ti must both be reference types.
* From System.Collections.Generic.IList<T>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList<T> and their base interfaces to a one-dimensional array-type S[], provided there is an implicit or explicit reference conversion from S[] to System.Collections.Generic.IList<T> or System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList<T>. This is precisely when either S and T are the same type or there is an implicit or explicit reference conversion from S to T.
*
* For a type-parameter T that is known to be a reference type (§25.7), the following explicit reference conversions exist:
* From the effective base class C of T to T and from any base class of C to T.
* From any interface-type to T.
* From T to any interface-type I provided there isn’t already an implicit reference conversion from T to I.
* From a type-parameter U to T provided that T depends on U (§25.7). [Note: Since T is known to be a reference type, within the scope of T, the run-time type of U will always be a reference type, even if U is not known to be a reference type at compile-time. end note]
*
* Both src and dst are reference types and there is a builtin explicit conversion from
* src to dst.
* Or src is a reference type and dst is a base type of src (in which case the conversion is
* implicit as well).
* Or dst is a reference type and src is a base type of dst.
*
* The latter two cases can happen with type variables even though the other type variable is not
* a reference type.
***************************************************************************************************/
public static bool FExpRefConv(SymbolLoader loader, CType typeSrc, CType typeDst)
{
Debug.Assert(typeSrc != null);
Debug.Assert(typeDst != null);
if (typeSrc.IsRefType() && typeDst.IsRefType())
{
// is there an implicit reference conversion in either direction?
// this handles the bulk of the cases ...
if (loader.HasIdentityOrImplicitReferenceConversion(typeSrc, typeDst) ||
loader.HasIdentityOrImplicitReferenceConversion(typeDst, typeSrc))
{
return(true);
}
// For a type-parameter T that is known to be a reference type (§25.7), the following explicit reference conversions exist:
// • From any interface-type to T.
// • From T to any interface-type I provided there isn’t already an implicit reference conversion from T to I.
if (typeSrc.isInterfaceType() && typeDst is TypeParameterType)
{
return(true);
}
if (typeSrc is TypeParameterType && typeDst.isInterfaceType())
{
return(true);
}
// * From any class-type S to any interface-type T, provided S is not sealed
// * From any interface-type S to any class-type T, provided T is not sealed
// * From any interface-type S to any interface-type T, provided S is not derived from T.
if (typeSrc is AggregateType atSrc && typeDst is AggregateType atDst)
{
AggregateSymbol aggSrc = atSrc.getAggregate();
AggregateSymbol aggDest = atDst.getAggregate();
if ((aggSrc.IsClass() && !aggSrc.IsSealed() && aggDest.IsInterface()) ||
(aggSrc.IsInterface() && aggDest.IsClass() && !aggDest.IsSealed()) ||
(aggSrc.IsInterface() && aggDest.IsInterface()))
{
return(true);
}
}
if (typeSrc is ArrayType arrSrc)
{
// * From an array-type S with an element type SE to an array-type T with an element type TE, provided all of the following are true:
// o S and T differ only in element type. (In other words, S and T have the same number of dimensions.)
// o An explicit reference conversion exists from SE to TE.
if (typeDst is ArrayType arrDst)
{
return(arrSrc.rank == arrDst.rank &&
arrSrc.IsSZArray == arrDst.IsSZArray &&
FExpRefConv(loader, arrSrc.GetElementType(), arrDst.GetElementType()));
}
// * From a one-dimensional array-type S[] to System.Collections.Generic.IList<T>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList<T>
// and their base interfaces, provided there is an explicit reference conversion from S to T.
if (!arrSrc.IsSZArray ||
!typeDst.isInterfaceType())
{
return(false);
}
AggregateType aggDst = (AggregateType)typeDst;
TypeArray typeArgsAll = aggDst.GetTypeArgsAll();
if (typeArgsAll.Count != 1)
{
return(false);
}
AggregateSymbol aggIList = loader.GetPredefAgg(PredefinedType.PT_G_ILIST);
AggregateSymbol aggIReadOnlyList = loader.GetPredefAgg(PredefinedType.PT_G_IREADONLYLIST);
if ((aggIList == null ||
!SymbolLoader.IsBaseAggregate(aggIList, aggDst.getAggregate())) &&
(aggIReadOnlyList == null ||
!SymbolLoader.IsBaseAggregate(aggIReadOnlyList, aggDst.getAggregate())))
{
return(false);
}
return(FExpRefConv(loader, arrSrc.GetElementType(), typeArgsAll[0]));
}
if (typeDst is ArrayType arrayDest && typeSrc is AggregateType aggtypeSrc)
{
// * From System.Array and the interfaces it implements, to any array-type.
if (loader.HasIdentityOrImplicitReferenceConversion(loader.GetPredefindType(PredefinedType.PT_ARRAY), typeSrc))
{
return(true);
}
// * From System.Collections.Generic.IList<T>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList<T> and their base interfaces to a
// one-dimensional array-type S[], provided there is an implicit or explicit reference conversion from S[] to
// System.Collections.Generic.IList<T> or System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList<T>. This is precisely when either S and T
// are the same type or there is an implicit or explicit reference conversion from S to T.
if (!arrayDest.IsSZArray || !typeSrc.isInterfaceType() ||
aggtypeSrc.GetTypeArgsAll().Count != 1)
{
return(false);
}
AggregateSymbol aggIList = loader.GetPredefAgg(PredefinedType.PT_G_ILIST);
AggregateSymbol aggIReadOnlyList = loader.GetPredefAgg(PredefinedType.PT_G_IREADONLYLIST);
if ((aggIList == null ||
!SymbolLoader.IsBaseAggregate(aggIList, aggtypeSrc.getAggregate())) &&
(aggIReadOnlyList == null ||
!SymbolLoader.IsBaseAggregate(aggIReadOnlyList, aggtypeSrc.getAggregate())))
{
return(false);
}
CType typeArr = arrayDest.GetElementType();
CType typeLst = aggtypeSrc.GetTypeArgsAll()[0];
Debug.Assert(!(typeArr is MethodGroupType));
return(typeArr == typeLst || FExpRefConv(loader, typeArr, typeLst));
}
if (HasGenericDelegateExplicitReferenceConversion(loader, typeSrc, typeDst))
{
return(true);
}
}
else if (typeSrc.IsRefType())
{
// conversion of T . U, where T : class, U
// .. these constraints implies where U : class
return(loader.HasIdentityOrImplicitReferenceConversion(typeSrc, typeDst));
}
else if (typeDst.IsRefType())
{
// conversion of T . U, where U : class, T
// .. these constraints implies where T : class
return(loader.HasIdentityOrImplicitReferenceConversion(typeDst, typeSrc));
}
return(false);
}
// WARNING: These methods do not precisely match the spec.
// WARNING: For example most also return true for identity conversions,
// WARNING: FExpRefConv includes all Implicit and Explicit reference conversions.
/***************************************************************************************************
* Determine whether there is an implicit reference conversion from typeSrc to typeDst. This is
* when the source is a reference type and the destination is a base type of the source. Note
* that typeDst.IsRefType() may still return false (when both are type parameters).
***************************************************************************************************/
public static bool FImpRefConv(SymbolLoader loader, CType typeSrc, CType typeDst)
{
return(typeSrc.IsRefType() && loader.HasIdentityOrImplicitReferenceConversion(typeSrc, typeDst));
}
public bool HasImplicitBoxingConversion(CType pSource, CType pDest)
{
Debug.Assert(pSource != null);
Debug.Assert(pDest != null);
// Certain type parameter conversions are classified as boxing conversions.
if (pSource.IsTypeParameterType() &&
HasImplicitBoxingTypeParameterConversion(pSource.AsTypeParameterType(), pDest))
{
return true;
}
// The rest of the boxing conversions only operate when going from a value type
// to a reference type.
if (!pSource.IsValType() || !pDest.IsRefType())
{
return false;
}
// A boxing conversion exists from a nullable type to a reference type
// if and only if a boxing conversion exists from the underlying type.
if (pSource.IsNullableType())
{
return HasImplicitBoxingConversion(pSource.AsNullableType().GetUnderlyingType(), pDest);
}
// A boxing conversion exists from any non-nullable value type to object,
// to System.ValueType, and to any interface type implemented by the
// non-nullable value type. Furthermore, an enum type can be converted
// to the type System.Enum.
// We set the base class of the structs to System.ValueType, System.Enum, etc,
// so we can just check here.
if (IsBaseClass(pSource, pDest))
{
return true;
}
if (HasAnyBaseInterfaceConversion(pSource, pDest))
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
public bool HasImplicitReferenceConversion(CType pSource, CType pDest)
{
Debug.Assert(pSource != null);
Debug.Assert(pDest != null);
// The implicit reference conversions are:
// * From any reference type to Object.
if (pSource.IsRefType() && pDest.isPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_OBJECT))
{
return true;
}
// * From any class type S to any class type T provided S is derived from T.
if (pSource.isClassType() && pDest.isClassType() && IsBaseClass(pSource, pDest))
{
return true;
}
// ORIGINAL RULES:
// // * From any class type S to any interface type T provided S implements T.
// if (pSource.isClassType() && pDest.isInterfaceType() && IsBaseInterface(pSource, pDest))
// {
// return true;
// }
// // * from any interface type S to any interface type T, provided S is derived from T.
// if (pSource.isInterfaceType() && pDest.isInterfaceType() && IsBaseInterface(pSource, pDest))
// {
// return true;
// }
// VARIANCE EXTENSIONS:
// * From any class type S to any interface type T provided S implements an interface
// convertible to T.
// * From any interface type S to any interface type T provided S implements an interface
// convertible to T.
// * From any interface type S to any interface type T provided S is not T and S is
// an interface convertible to T.
if (pSource.isClassType() && pDest.isInterfaceType() && HasAnyBaseInterfaceConversion(pSource, pDest))
{
return true;
}
if (pSource.isInterfaceType() && pDest.isInterfaceType() && HasAnyBaseInterfaceConversion(pSource, pDest))
{
return true;
}
if (pSource.isInterfaceType() && pDest.isInterfaceType() && pSource != pDest &&
HasInterfaceConversion(pSource.AsAggregateType(), pDest.AsAggregateType()))
{
return true;
}
// * From an array type S with an element type SE to an array type T with element type TE
// provided that all of the following are true:
// * S and T differ only in element type. In other words, S and T have the same number of dimensions.
// * Both SE and TE are reference types.
// * An implicit reference conversion exists from SE to TE.
if (pSource.IsArrayType() && pDest.IsArrayType() &&
HasCovariantArrayConversion(pSource.AsArrayType(), pDest.AsArrayType()))
{
return true;
}
// * From any array type to System.Array or any interface implemented by System.Array.
if (pSource.IsArrayType() && (pDest.isPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_ARRAY) ||
IsBaseInterface(GetReqPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_ARRAY, false), pDest)))
{
return true;
}
// * From a single-dimensional array type S[] to IList<T> and its base
// interfaces, provided that there is an implicit identity or reference
// conversion from S to T.
if (pSource.IsArrayType() && HasArrayConversionToInterface(pSource.AsArrayType(), pDest))
{
return true;
}
// * From any delegate type to System.Delegate
//
// SPEC OMISSION:
//
// The spec should actually say
//
// * From any delegate type to System.Delegate
// * From any delegate type to System.MulticastDelegate
// * From any delegate type to any interface implemented by System.MulticastDelegate
if (pSource.isDelegateType() &&
(pDest.isPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_MULTIDEL) ||
pDest.isPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_DELEGATE) ||
IsBaseInterface(GetReqPredefType(PredefinedType.PT_MULTIDEL, false), pDest)))
{
return true;
}
// VARIANCE EXTENSION:
// * From any delegate type S to a delegate type T provided S is not T and
// S is a delegate convertible to T
if (pSource.isDelegateType() && pDest.isDelegateType() &&
HasDelegateConversion(pSource.AsAggregateType(), pDest.AsAggregateType()))
{
return true;
}
// * From the null literal to any reference type
// NOTE: We extend the specification here. The C# 3.0 spec does not describe
// a "null type". Rather, it says that the null literal is typeless, and is
// convertible to any reference or nullable type. However, the C# 2.0 and 3.0
// implementations have a "null type" which some expressions other than the
// null literal may have. (For example, (null??null), which is also an
// extension to the specification.)
if (pSource.IsNullType() && pDest.IsRefType())
{
return true;
}
if (pSource.IsNullType() && pDest.IsNullableType())
{
return true;
}
// * Implicit conversions involving type parameters that are known to be reference types.
if (pSource.IsTypeParameterType() &&
HasImplicitReferenceTypeParameterConversion(pSource.AsTypeParameterType(), pDest))
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
