/// <summary>
/// Forward propagation of values
/// </summary>
/// <param name="image">The matrix (image) to be forward propagated from</param>
public void Calculate(double[,] image)
{
//Reset ZVals (raw values untouched by the activation function), vals, and momentums
InputZVals = new double[InputCount]; InputValues = new double[InputCount];
HiddenZVals = new double[HiddenDepth, HiddenCount]; HiddenValues = new double[HiddenDepth, HiddenCount];
OutputZVals = new double[OutputCount]; OutputValues = new double[OutputCount];
//Random r = new Random();
//Random is used for dropout of neurons, but said feature is currently disabled for efficiency reasons
//Input
for (int k = 0; k < InputCount; k++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < (Resolution * Resolution); j++)
{
InputZVals[k] += ((InputWeights[k, j] + InputWeightMomentum[k, j]) * image[j / Resolution, j - ((j / Resolution) * Resolution)]) + InputBiases[k];
}
InputValues[k] = ActivationFunctions.Tanh(InputZVals[k]);
}
//Hidden
for (int l = 0; l < HiddenDepth; l++)
{
for (int k = 0; k < HiddenCount; k++)
{
if (l == 0)
{
for (int j = 0; j < InputCount; j++)
{
//Former dropout code, if desired must be added to input and output as well
//if (l == Depth - 2) { dropout = (r.NextDouble() <= DropoutRate ? 0 : 1); } else { dropout = 1; }
HiddenZVals[l, k] += (((FirstHiddenWeights[k, j] + FirstHiddenWeightMomentum[k, j]) * InputValues[j]) + HiddenBiases[l, k]);
}
}
else
{
for (int j = 0; j < HiddenCount; j++)
{
//Former dropout code, if desired must be added to input and output as well
//if (l == Depth - 2) { dropout = (r.NextDouble() <= DropoutRate ? 0 : 1); } else { dropout = 1; }
//Hiddenweights and momentum use l - 1 because the first layer is under firsthidden and firstmomentum respectively
HiddenZVals[l, k] += (((HiddenWeights[l - 1, k, j] + HiddenWeightMomentum[l - 1, k, j]) * HiddenValues[l - 1, j]) + HiddenBiases[l, k]);
}
}
HiddenValues[l, k] = ActivationFunctions.Tanh(HiddenZVals[l, k]);
}
}
//Output
for (int k = 0; k < OutputCount; k++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < HiddenCount; j++)
{
OutputZVals[k] += ((OutputWeights[k, j] + OutputWeightMomentum[k, j]) * HiddenValues[HiddenDepth - 1, j]);
}
//No activation function on outputs
OutputValues[k] = OutputZVals[k];
//OutputValues[k] = ActivationFunctions.Tanh(OutputZVals[k]);
}
}
//Stochastic descent (all code below is done according to formulas)
//This adds each NN's gradients to the avg
public void Descend()
{
//Input
for (int i = 0; i < InputCount; i++)
{
for (int ii = 0; ii < Resolution * Resolution; ii++)
{
//Nesterov momentum
InputWeightMomentum[i, ii] = (InputWeightMomentum[i, ii] * Momentum) - (LearningRate * InputWeightGradient[i, ii]);
AvgInputWeightGradient[i, ii] += InputWeightGradient[i, ii] + InputWeightMomentum[i, ii];
}
double tempbias = InputErrorSignals[i] * ActivationFunctions.TanhDerriv(InputZVals[i]);
InputBiasMomentum[i] = (InputBiasMomentum[i] * Momentum) - (LearningRate * tempbias);
AvgInputBiasGradient[i] += tempbias + InputBiasMomentum[i];
}
//Hidden
for (int i = 0; i < HiddenDepth; i++)
{
for (int ii = 0; ii < HiddenCount; ii++)
{
if (i == 0)
{
for (int iii = 0; iii < InputCount; iii++)
{
//Nesterov momentum
FirstHiddenWeightMomentum[ii, iii] = (FirstHiddenWeightMomentum[ii, iii] * Momentum) - (LearningRate * FirstHiddenWeightGradient[ii, iii]);
AvgFirstHiddenWeightGradient[ii, iii] += FirstHiddenWeightGradient[ii, iii] + FirstHiddenWeightMomentum[ii, iii];
}
}
else
{
for (int iii = 0; iii < HiddenCount; iii++)
{
//Nesterov momentum
HiddenWeightMomentum[i - 1, ii, iii] = (HiddenWeightMomentum[i - 1, ii, iii] * Momentum) - (LearningRate * HiddenWeightGradient[i - 1, ii, iii]);
AvgHiddenWeightGradient[i - 1, ii, iii] += HiddenWeightGradient[i - 1, ii, iii] + HiddenWeightMomentum[i - 1, ii, iii];
}
}
double tempbias = HiddenErrorSignals[i, ii] * ActivationFunctions.TanhDerriv(HiddenZVals[i, ii]);
HiddenBiasMomentum[i, ii] = (HiddenBiasMomentum[i, ii] * Momentum) - (LearningRate * tempbias);
AvgHiddenBiasGradient[i, ii] += tempbias + HiddenBiasMomentum[i, ii];
}
}
//Output
for (int i = 0; i < OutputCount; i++)
{
for (int ii = 0; ii < HiddenCount; ii++)
{
//Nesterov momentum
OutputWeightMomentum[i, ii] = (OutputWeightMomentum[i, ii] * Momentum) - (LearningRate * OutputWeightGradient[i, ii]);
AvgOutputWeightGradient[i, ii] += OutputWeightGradient[i, ii] + OutputWeightMomentum[i, ii];
}
}
}
//Read a matrix from a file offset by two bytes of metadata
public static double[,] ReadNextImage()
{
//Singleton
if (ImageReaderRunning)
{
throw new Exception("Already accessing file");
}
//Read image
FileStream fs = File.OpenRead(ImagePath);
//Reset parameters and decrement NN hyperparameters upon new epoch (currently disabled)
if (!(ImageOffset < fs.Length))
{
ImageOffset = 16; LabelOffset = 8;
}
fs.Position = ImageOffset;
byte[] b = new byte[Resolution * Resolution];
try
{
fs.Read(b, 0, Resolution * Resolution);
}
catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine("Reader exception: " + ex.ToString()); Console.ReadLine(); }
int[] array = Array.ConvertAll(b, Convert.ToInt32);
ImageOffset += Resolution * Resolution;
//Convert to 2d array
double[,] result = new double[Resolution, Resolution];
//Convert array to doubles and store in result
for (int i = 0; i < Resolution; i++)
{
for (int ii = 0; ii < Resolution; ii++)
{
result[i, ii] = (double)array[(Resolution * i) + ii];
}
}
//Normalize the result matrix
ActivationFunctions.Normalize(result, true, Resolution, Resolution);
fs.Close();
return(result);
}
/// <summary>
/// Backpropagation of error (formulas)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="image">The matrix (image) to be forward propagated from</param>
/// <param name="correct">The number shown in the image</param>
public void Backprop(double[,] image, int correct)
{
//Forward propagation of data
Calculate(image);
//Reset things about to be calculated
InputErrorSignals = new double[InputCount];
HiddenErrorSignals = new double[HiddenDepth, HiddenCount];
OutputErrorSignals = new double[OutputCount];
InputWeightGradient = new double[InputCount, Resolution *Resolution];
FirstHiddenWeightGradient = new double[HiddenCount, InputCount];
HiddenWeightGradient = new double[HiddenDepth - 1, HiddenCount, HiddenCount];
OutputWeightGradient = new double[OutputCount, HiddenCount];
//Output
//Foreach ending neuron
for (int k = 0; k < OutputCount; k++)
{
double upperlayerderiv = 2d * ((k == correct ? 1d : 0d) - OutputValues[k]);
OutputErrorSignals[k] = upperlayerderiv;
//Calculate gradient
//This works b/c of only 1 hidden layer, will need to be changed if HiddenDepth is modified
for (int j = 0; j < HiddenCount; j++)
{
OutputWeightGradient[k, j] = HiddenValues[HiddenDepth - 1, j] * ActivationFunctions.TanhDerriv(OutputZVals[k]) * OutputErrorSignals[k];
}
}
//Hidden
//Foreach layer of hidden 'neurons'
//Calc errors
for (int l = HiddenDepth - 1; l >= 0; l--)
{
//Hidden upper layer derrivative calculation
//Foreach starting neuron
if (l == HiddenDepth - 1)
{
for (int k = 0; k < HiddenCount; k++)
{
double upperlayerderiv = 0;
//Foreach ending neuron
for (int j = 0; j < OutputCount; j++)
{
//Hiddenweights uses l because the formula's l + 1 is l due to a lack of input layer in this array
upperlayerderiv += OutputWeights[j, k] * ActivationFunctions.TanhDerriv(OutputZVals[j]) * OutputErrorSignals[j];
}
HiddenErrorSignals[l, k] = upperlayerderiv;
}
}
else
{
for (int k = 0; k < HiddenCount; k++)
{
double upperlayerderiv = 0;
//Foreach ending neuron
for (int j = 0; j < HiddenCount; j++)
{
//Hiddenweights uses l instead of l + 1 because firsthiddenweights is a different array
upperlayerderiv += HiddenWeights[l, j, k] * ActivationFunctions.TanhDerriv(HiddenZVals[l + 1, j]) * HiddenErrorSignals[l + 1, j];
}
HiddenErrorSignals[l, k] = upperlayerderiv;
}
}
}
//Calc values
for (int l = 0; l < HiddenDepth; l++)
{
//Foreach starting neuron
for (int k = 0; k < HiddenCount; k++)
{
if (l == 0)
{
//Foreach ending neuron neuron
for (int j = 0; j < InputCount; j++)
{
FirstHiddenWeightGradient[k, j] = InputValues[j] * ActivationFunctions.TanhDerriv(HiddenZVals[l, k]) * HiddenErrorSignals[l, k];
}
}
else
{
//Foreach ending neuron neuron
for (int j = 0; j < HiddenCount; j++)
{
HiddenWeightGradient[l - 1, k, j] = HiddenValues[l - 1, j] * ActivationFunctions.TanhDerriv(HiddenZVals[l, k]) * HiddenErrorSignals[l, k];
}
}
}
}
//Input
//Foreach starting neuron
for (int k = 0; k < InputCount; k++)
{
double upperlayerderiv = 0;
//Calculate error signal
//Foreach ending neuron
for (int j = 0; j < HiddenCount; j++)
{
upperlayerderiv += FirstHiddenWeights[j, k] * ActivationFunctions.TanhDerriv(HiddenZVals[0, j]) * HiddenErrorSignals[0, j];
}
InputErrorSignals[k] = upperlayerderiv;
//Calculate gradient
for (int j = 0; j < Resolution * Resolution; j++)
{
InputWeightGradient[k, j] = image[j / Resolution, j - ((j / Resolution) * Resolution)] * ActivationFunctions.TanhDerriv(InputZVals[k]) * InputErrorSignals[k];
}
}
//Normalize gradients (currently disabled as is obvious)
/*
* InputWeightGradient = ActivationFunctions.Normalize(InputWeightGradient, InputCount, Resolution * Resolution);
* HiddenWeightGradient = ActivationFunctions.Normalize(HiddenWeightGradient, HiddenDepth, HiddenCount, InputCount);
* OutputWeightGradient = ActivationFunctions.Normalize(OutputWeightGradient, OutputCount, HiddenCount);
* //Normalize error signals (biases)
* HiddenErrorSignals = ActivationFunctions.Normalize(HiddenErrorSignals, HiddenDepth, HiddenCount);
* InputErrorSignals = ActivationFunctions.Normalize(InputErrorSignals);
*/
}