private static void Main()
{
int remainingPyanis = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
int result = 0;
while (remainingPyanis-- > 0)
{
// It's easy to see XOR'ing will work if all integer pairs arrive adjacent to each
// other. Since XOR is commutative and associative though, the order the integers
// arrive doesn't matter. For intuition, all columns of 1s and 0s are independent,
// and anything XOR'd with 0 is the same thing, so the 0s in a column don't matter,
// and then it's just a bunch of 1s, independent of the order in which the numbers
// arrive. The paired 1s cancel, leaving only the 1s from the unique.
result ^= FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
}
FastIO.WriteNonNegativeInt(result);
FastIO.Flush();
}
private static void Main()
{
int remainingTestCases = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
while (remainingTestCases-- > 0)
{
var solver = new CAM5(peerCount: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt());
int friendCount = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
for (int i = 0; i < friendCount; ++i)
{
solver.AddFriendAssociation(
firstPeer: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt(),
secondPeer: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt());
}
FastIO.WriteNonNegativeInt(solver.Solve());
FastIO.WriteLine();
}
FastIO.Flush();
}
private static void Main()
{
int[,] edges = new int[9999, 3];
int remainingTestCases = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
while (remainingTestCases-- > 0)
{
int vertexCount = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount - 1; ++i)
{
edges[i, 0] = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1; // first vertex ID
edges[i, 1] = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1; // second vertex ID
edges[i, 2] = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt(); // weight
}
var solver = new QTREE(vertexCount, edges);
char instruction;
while ((instruction = FastIO.ReadInstruction()) != 'D')
{
if (instruction == 'Q')
{
FastIO.WriteNonNegativeInt(solver.Query(
firstVertexID: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1,
secondVertexID: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1));
FastIO.WriteLine();
}
else
{
solver.Change(
edgeID: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1,
weight: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt());
}
}
}
FastIO.Flush();
}
private static void Main()
{
int arrayLength = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
int[] sourceArray = new int[arrayLength];
for (int i = 0; i < arrayLength; ++i)
{
sourceArray[i] = FastIO.ReadInt();
}
var solver = new GSS1(sourceArray);
int queryCount = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
for (int q = 0; q < queryCount; ++q)
{
FastIO.WriteInt(solver.Query(
queryStartIndex: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1,
queryEndIndex: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1));
FastIO.WriteLine();
}
FastIO.Flush();
}
private static void Main()
{
int remainingTestCases = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
while (remainingTestCases-- > 0)
{
int studentCount = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
bool[,] studentPreferences = new bool[studentCount, studentCount];
for (int s = 0; s < studentCount; ++s)
{
for (int t = 0; t < studentCount; ++t)
{
studentPreferences[s, t] = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() == 1;
}
}
FastIO.WriteNonNegativeLong(
ASSIGN.Solve(studentCount, studentPreferences));
FastIO.WriteLine();
}
FastIO.Flush();
}
private static void Main()
{
int remainingTestCases = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
while (remainingTestCases-- > 0)
{
_vertexCount = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
for (int vertexID = 0; vertexID < _vertexCount; ++vertexID)
{
_verticesNeighbors[vertexID] = new List <int>();
_verticesEdgeWeights[vertexID] = new List <int>();
_verticesEdges[vertexID] = new List <int>();
}
for (int edgeID = 0; edgeID < _vertexCount - 1; ++edgeID)
{
int firstVertexID = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1;
int secondVertexID = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1;
int edgeWeight = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
_verticesNeighbors[firstVertexID].Add(secondVertexID);
_verticesNeighbors[secondVertexID].Add(firstVertexID);
_verticesEdgeWeights[firstVertexID].Add(edgeWeight);
_verticesEdgeWeights[secondVertexID].Add(edgeWeight);
_verticesEdges[firstVertexID].Add(edgeID);
_verticesEdges[secondVertexID].Add(edgeID);
}
BuildRootedStructure(
parentVertexID: -1,
vertexID: 0,
depth: 0,
costToRoot: 0);
BuildAncestorTable();
char instruction;
while ((instruction = FastIO.ReadInstruction()) != 'S')
{
if (instruction == 'D')
{
FastIO.WriteNonNegativeInt(GetDistanceBetween(
firstVertexID: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1,
secondVertexID: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1));
FastIO.WriteLine();
}
else
{
FastIO.WriteNonNegativeInt(GetKthVertexBetween(
firstVertexID: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1,
secondVertexID: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1,
k: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt()) + 1);
FastIO.WriteLine();
}
}
}
FastIO.Flush();
}
private static void Main()
{
int remainingTestCases = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
while (remainingTestCases-- > 0)
{
_vertexCount = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
for (int vertexID = 0; vertexID < _vertexCount; ++vertexID)
{
_verticesNeighbors[vertexID] = new List <int>();
_verticesEdgeWeights[vertexID] = new List <int>();
_verticesEdges[vertexID] = new List <int>();
// Can't be more chain heads than vertices, so this definitely resets enough.
_chainsHeadVertices[vertexID] = -1;
}
for (int edgeID = 0; edgeID < _vertexCount - 1; ++edgeID)
{
int firstVertexID = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1;
int secondVertexID = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1;
int edgeWeight = FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt();
_verticesNeighbors[firstVertexID].Add(secondVertexID);
_verticesNeighbors[secondVertexID].Add(firstVertexID);
_verticesEdgeWeights[firstVertexID].Add(edgeWeight);
_verticesEdgeWeights[secondVertexID].Add(edgeWeight);
_verticesEdges[firstVertexID].Add(edgeID);
_verticesEdges[secondVertexID].Add(edgeID);
}
BuildRootedStructure(
parentVertexID: -1,
vertexID: 0,
depth: 0);
_chainIndex = 0;
_baseArrayIndex = 0;
RunHLD(
parentVertexID: -1,
vertexID: 0,
edgeWeight: 0);
BuildAncestorTable();
BuildSegmentTree(
segmentTreeIndex: 0,
segmentStartIndex: 0,
segmentEndIndex: _vertexCount - 1);
char instruction;
while ((instruction = FastIO.ReadInstruction()) != 'D')
{
if (instruction == 'Q')
{
FastIO.WriteNonNegativeInt(Query(
firstVertexID: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1,
secondVertexID: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1));
FastIO.WriteLine();
}
else
{
Change(
edgeID: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt() - 1,
weight: FastIO.ReadNonNegativeInt());
}
}
}
FastIO.Flush();
}