public void Test(string arffFilePath, ID3Node root)
{
// Load the examples into S
Instances S = new weka.core.Instances(new java.io.FileReader(arffFilePath));
this.Test(S, root);
}
public ID3Node Train(Instances S, double confidenceLevel, int maxDepth = 0)
{
int targetAttributeIndex = S.numAttributes() - 1;
// Store the attribute indexes in a list. They will get removed as we split on attributes.
List <int> attributeIndexes = new List <int>();
for (int i = 0; i < S.numAttributes() - 1; i++)
{
attributeIndexes.Add(i);
}
this.RootNode = new ID3Node();
this.RootNode.Depth = 1;
this.TrainRecursive(this.RootNode, S, targetAttributeIndex, attributeIndexes, confidenceLevel, maxDepth);
if (Log.NodeOn == true)
{
ID3Node.DFS(this.RootNode, S);
}
Log.LogNode("Number of Nodes is {0}", ID3Node.NodeCount(this.RootNode));
Log.LogNode("Max Tree Depth including leaves is {0}", ID3Node.MaxDepth(this.RootNode));
return(this.RootNode);
}
public int Predict(ID3Node node, Instance example)
{
// If the node is a leaf, return the value
if (node.IsLeaf)
{
return(node.TargetValue);
}
// Else, figure out which path to take
double attributeValue = example.value(node.SplitAttributeIndex);
if (Double.IsNaN(attributeValue))
{
// TODO: use fractional test based on weights
int highestWeightedAttribute = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < node.ChildNodes.Count(); i++)
{
if (node.ChildNodes[i].Weight > node.ChildNodes[highestWeightedAttribute].Weight)
{
highestWeightedAttribute = i;
}
}
attributeValue = highestWeightedAttribute;
}
ID3Node nextNode = node.ChildNodes[(int)attributeValue];
return(this.Predict(nextNode, example));
}
public static void DFS(ID3Node root, Instances instances)
{
ID3Node.Print(root, instances);
if (root.IsLeaf)
{
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < root.ChildNodes.Count(); i++)
{
ID3Node.DFS(root.ChildNodes[i], instances);
}
}
public static int NodeCount(ID3Node node)
{
if (node.IsLeaf)
{
return(1);
}
int childNodeCount = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < node.ChildNodes.Count(); i++)
{
childNodeCount += NodeCount(node.ChildNodes[i]);
}
return(childNodeCount);
}
public static int MaxDepth(ID3Node node)
{
if (node.IsLeaf)
{
return(1);
}
int maxDepth = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < node.ChildNodes.Count(); i++)
{
int childMaxDepth = MaxDepth(node.ChildNodes[i]);
if (childMaxDepth > maxDepth)
{
maxDepth = childMaxDepth;
}
;
}
return(maxDepth + 1);
}
public static void Print(ID3Node node, Instances instances)
{
int targetAttribute = instances.numAttributes() - 1;
string output;
if (node.IsLeaf == true)
{
string value = instances.attribute(targetAttribute).value(node.TargetValue);
output = String.Format("Leaf {0} with Weight {1}", value, node.Weight);
}
else
{
int numChildren = node.ChildNodes.Count();
List <string> childValues = new List <string>();
for (int i = 0; i < instances.attribute(node.SplitAttributeIndex).numValues(); i++)
{
childValues.Add(instances.attribute(node.SplitAttributeIndex).value(i));
}
output = String.Format("Split {0} with {1} children: {2}", instances.attribute(node.SplitAttributeIndex).name(), numChildren, String.Join(",", childValues));
}
Console.WriteLine(output);
}
public void Test(Instances S, ID3Node root)
{
int targetAttributeIndex = S.numAttributes() - 1;
// Evaluate each example
int truePositive = 0;
int falseNegative = 0;
int falsePositive = 0;
int trueNegative = 0;
int actualPositive = 0;
int actualNegative = 0;
int predictedPositive = 0;
int predictedNegative = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < S.numInstances(); i++)
{
// Compare predicted value to actual value
int predictedValue = this.Predict(root, S.instance(i));
int actualValue = (int)S.instance(i).value(targetAttributeIndex);
// Classify it as TP, TN, FP, FN
if (actualValue == 0)
{
// Actual value is true
actualPositive++;
if (predictedValue == 0)
{
predictedPositive++;
truePositive++;
}
else if (predictedValue == 1)
{
predictedNegative++;
falseNegative++;
}
else
{
throw new Exception(String.Format("Unexpected predicted value of {0}", predictedValue));
}
}
else if (actualValue == 1)
{
// Actual value is false
actualNegative++;
if (predictedValue == 0)
{
predictedPositive++;
falsePositive++;
}
else if (predictedValue == 1)
{
predictedNegative++;
trueNegative++;
}
else
{
throw new Exception(String.Format("Unexpected predicted value of {0}", predictedValue));
}
}
else
{
throw new Exception(String.Format("Unexpected actual value of {0}", actualValue));
}
}
Log.LogStats("truePositive: {0}", truePositive);
Log.LogStats("falseNegative: {0}", falseNegative);
Log.LogStats("falsePositive: {0}", falsePositive);
Log.LogStats("trueNegative: {0}", trueNegative);
Log.LogStats("actualPositive: {0}", actualPositive);
Log.LogStats("actualNegative: {0}", actualNegative);
Log.LogStats("predictedPositive: {0}", predictedPositive);
Log.LogStats("predictedNegative: {0}", predictedNegative);
double precision = truePositive / (double)(truePositive + falsePositive);
double recall = truePositive / (double)(truePositive + falseNegative);
double accuracy = (truePositive + trueNegative) / (double)(S.numInstances());
Log.LogStats("precision: {0}", precision);
Log.LogStats("recall: {0}", recall);
Log.LogStats("accuracy: {0}", accuracy);
}
public void TrainRecursive(ID3Node root, Instances S, int targetAttributeIndex, List <int> attributeList, double confidenceLevel, int maxDepth = 0)
{
// For each possible discrete value that the target attribute can have, count how many times it is present in the examples
Dictionary <int, Instances> targetValueCounts = new Dictionary <int, Instances>();
for (int i = 0; i < S.attribute(targetAttributeIndex).numValues(); i++)
{
targetValueCounts.Add(i, new Instances(S, 0, 0));
}
// Check the most common target attribute value of every example in S
// and keep track of whether all target values are the same value
int countOfS = S.numInstances();
int firstTargetValue = (int)S.instance(0).value(targetAttributeIndex);
bool allTargetValuesAreEqual = true;
for (int i = 0; i < countOfS; i++)
{
if (Double.IsNaN(S.instance(i).value(targetAttributeIndex)))
{
// For target values, this shouldn't happen
throw new Exception(String.Format("Value at targetAttributeIndex {0} is NaN", targetAttributeIndex));
}
int value = (int)S.instance(i).value(targetAttributeIndex);
targetValueCounts[value].add(S.instance(i));
if (firstTargetValue != value)
{
allTargetValuesAreEqual = false;
}
}
// If all target values are the same we can make this a leaf with that value and return
if (allTargetValuesAreEqual == true)
{
root.IsLeaf = true;
root.TargetValue = firstTargetValue;
Log.LogInfo("All Targets Equal. Node with split {0}, value {1}, leaf {2}, weight {3}", root.SplitAttributeIndex, root.TargetValue, root.IsLeaf, root.Weight);
return;
}
// Find the most common target attribute value
int mostCommonTargetValue = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < targetValueCounts.Count(); i++)
{
if (targetValueCounts[i].numInstances() > targetValueCounts[mostCommonTargetValue].numInstances())
{
mostCommonTargetValue = i;
}
}
// Check if the attribute list is empty and if so return most common target value
if (attributeList.Count == 0)
{
// Now set the node to this target value and return
root.IsLeaf = true;
root.TargetValue = mostCommonTargetValue;
Log.LogInfo("Attribute List Empty. Node with split {0}, value {1}, leaf {2}, weight {3}", root.SplitAttributeIndex, root.TargetValue, root.IsLeaf, root.Weight);
return;
}
// Figure out which attribute will give us the most gain
double gainSum = 0;
SortedList <double, int> sortedGainList = new SortedList <double, int>();
for (int i = 0; i < attributeList.Count(); i++)
{
double gain = this.CalculateGain(S, i, targetAttributeIndex);
gainSum += gain;
// TODO: remove
if (Double.IsNaN(gain))
{
}
// We use a sorted list which must have a unique key. Since the key is gain, then this might not be unique
// across all attributes. Thus, if we encounter duplicate keys figure out which on has higher gain ratio.
// Whichever has higher gain ratio wins and gets into the list. Later, we pick from the list the attribute
// with highest gain ratio anyways so we won't lose any information with this approach.
if (sortedGainList.ContainsKey(gain))
{
double oldGainRatio = this.CalculateGainRatio(S, sortedGainList[gain], targetAttributeIndex);
double newGainRatio = this.CalculateGainRatio(S, i, targetAttributeIndex);
if (newGainRatio > oldGainRatio)
{
// Replace the old value with the one that has higher gain ratio
sortedGainList[gain] = i;
}
}
else
{
sortedGainList.Add(gain, i);
}
}
double maxGain = sortedGainList.Last().Key;
int maxGainAttribute = sortedGainList.Last().Value;
double averageGain = gainSum / attributeList.Count();
// Use gain ratio on top N% from the gainListOrdered and calculate maxGainRatio
double maxGainRatio = 0;
int maxGainRatioAttribute = sortedGainList.Count() - 1; // default to the largest gain
double NPercent = 0.2;
int topNPercent = (int)Math.Ceiling(NPercent * sortedGainList.Count());
for (int i = 0; i < topNPercent; i++)
{
int reverse_i = sortedGainList.Count() - 1 - i; // Since we are search the list from bottom to top
int index = sortedGainList.ElementAt(reverse_i).Value;
double gainRatio = this.CalculateGainRatio(S, index, targetAttributeIndex);
if (gainRatio > maxGainRatio)
{
maxGainRatio = gainRatio;
maxGainRatioAttribute = index;
}
}
// Now we know which attribute to split on
Log.LogGain("MaxGainRatio {0} from attrib {1}. Max Gain {2} from attrib {3}. Avg Gain {4}.", maxGainRatio, maxGainRatioAttribute, maxGain, maxGainAttribute, averageGain);
// Check if we should stop splitting
if (ChiSquare.ChiSquaredTest(confidenceLevel, S, maxGainRatioAttribute, targetAttributeIndex) == false)
{
root.IsLeaf = true;
root.TargetValue = mostCommonTargetValue;
Log.LogInfo("ChiSquared stop split. Node with split {0}, value {1}, leaf {2}, weight {3}", root.SplitAttributeIndex, root.TargetValue, root.IsLeaf, root.Weight);
return;
}
// We are going to split. Create a new list of attributes that won't include the attribute we split on.
root.SplitAttributeIndex = maxGainRatioAttribute;
List <int> newAttributeList = new List <int>(attributeList);
newAttributeList.RemoveAt(maxGainRatioAttribute);
// Partition the examples by their attribute value
Dictionary <int, Instances> examplesVi = new Dictionary <int, Instances>();
// Initialize the examplesVi dictionary
for (int i = 0; i < S.attribute(maxGainRatioAttribute).numValues(); i++)
{
examplesVi.Add(i, new Instances(S, 0, 0));
}
// Fill the examplesVi dictionary
int totalExamplesVi = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < S.numInstances(); i++)
{
if (Double.IsNaN(S.instance(i).value(maxGainRatioAttribute)))
{
Log.LogVerbose("IsNaN encountered for instance {0} of maxGainAttribute {1}", i, maxGainRatioAttribute);
continue;
}
int value = (int)S.instance(i).value(maxGainRatioAttribute);
examplesVi[value].add(S.instance(i));
totalExamplesVi++;
}
// Split
for (int i = 0; i < S.attribute(maxGainRatioAttribute).numValues(); i++)
{
ID3Node newChild = new ID3Node();
newChild.Depth = root.Depth + 1;
root.ChildNodes.Add(newChild);
if (examplesVi[i].numInstances() == 0) // no more examples to split on
{
newChild.IsLeaf = true;
newChild.TargetValue = mostCommonTargetValue;
Log.LogInfo("No instances to split on. Create new leaf child from parent split {0}, new value {1}", root.SplitAttributeIndex, newChild.TargetValue, root.IsLeaf, root.Weight);
}
else if (maxDepth > 0 && newChild.Depth > maxDepth) // we hit max depth
{
newChild.IsLeaf = true;
newChild.TargetValue = mostCommonTargetValue;
Log.LogInfo("Hit max depth of {0}. Create new leaf child from parent split {1}, new value {2}", maxDepth, root.SplitAttributeIndex, newChild.TargetValue, root.IsLeaf, root.Weight);
}
else
{
Log.LogInfo("Splitting from node with split {0}, value {1}, leaf {2}, weight {3}", root.SplitAttributeIndex, root.TargetValue, root.IsLeaf, root.Weight);
newChild.IsLeaf = false;
newChild.SplitAttributeIndex = i;
newChild.Weight = examplesVi[i].numInstances() / (double)totalExamplesVi;
this.TrainRecursive(newChild, examplesVi[i], targetAttributeIndex, newAttributeList, confidenceLevel, maxDepth);
}
}
}