static void CorrectSwap(ref MyRefType a, ref MyRefType b)
{
MyRefType t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
static void Main9(string[] args)
{
ParameterTest pt = new ParameterTest();
//var:叫做隐式类型的局部变量, 可用于向方法传参, 但不能用于定义方法参数
var p4 = new Decimal(3.5);
//命名参数和传参顺序:
//尽管参数位置是i1, i2, s, 但传参计算时总是按照书写顺序的从左--->右顺序, 先算i2再算i1再算s, 最后按i1 i2 s顺序摆放
pt.ParamMethod(i2: val++, i1: val++, s: val.ToString(), d: p4);
int op;
int rp = 1;
pt.OutMethod(out op);
pt.RefMethod(ref rp);
//调用者为引用类型指针分配内存
FileStream fs = null;
//被调用者操作这个引用类型指针
ProcessFile(ref fs);
MyRefType a = new MyRefType(5);
MyRefType b = new MyRefType(10);
WrongSwap(a, b);
Console.WriteLine(a.Log() + "," + b.Log());
CorrectSwap(ref a, ref b);
Console.WriteLine(a.Log() + "," + b.Log());
pt.MiscMethod("hey", 3, 3.5f, new MyRefType(3));
}
static void Main16(string[] args)
{
#region Define array:多维数组和交错数组
//使用数组初始化器{}的话, 可以隐式定义
var array = new[] { 1, 2 };
//Multi-dimentional array
//相当于int[,] marray = new int[3, 3] -> [0,0]=1,[0,1]=2,[0,3]=3,[1,0]=1...
int[,] marray = new int[, ] {
{ 1, 2, 3 }, { 1, 2, 3 }, { 1, 2, 3 }
};
//Jagged-array
int[][] jarray = new int[3][];
jarray[0] = null;
jarray[1] = new int[2];
jarray[2] = new int[3];
#endregion
#region Define array: Anonymous type
var tuple = new { First = "QI", Last = "ZHOU" };
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("type:{0}, ele1:{1}, ele2:{2}", tuple.GetType(), tuple.First, tuple.Last));
//匿名类型数组
//无法显示显出Anonymouse Type这种类型, 因此声明这个数组需要隐士局部变量和隐士数组声明
var anonyArray = new[] { tuple, new { First = "Jason", Last = "Brown" } };
Console.WriteLine("type:" + anonyArray.GetType() + ", " + anonyArray[0].Last);
#endregion
int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3 };
int[] arr2 = new int[3];
System.Buffer.BlockCopy(arr, 0, arr2, 0, arr.Length * 4);
Console.WriteLine(arr[1]);
#region IEnumerable, ICollection, IList
MyRefType[] mr = new MyRefType[2];
MyRefType[,] mr2D = new MyRefType[1, 2];
//没有报错, Array没有实现泛型接口, 但[引用类型]MyRefType自动实现了所有自己类型和基类类型的泛型接口
ExampleMethod(mr);
//报错: 只有1D, 0基的数组才会自动去实现泛型接口
//ExampleMethod(mr2D);
#endregion
#region 创建非0基数组
//从lowerBound和length的元素个数看出, 想要创建的是1维数组
//lowerBound每个元素代表这一维起始的index值, 可设计为非0
//length每个元素代表这一维的长度
Int32[] lowerBound = { -5 };
Int32[] length = { 3 };
Array a = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(Int32), length, lowerBound);
a.SetValue(100, -5);
a.SetValue(200, -4);
Console.WriteLine("index " + a.GetLowerBound(0) + " : " + a.GetValue(-5));
#endregion
//AccessTest();
UseInlineArray();
UseStackalloc();
}
//Swap意在改变指针, 而传入引用类型的指针时, 传递的是指针本身的一个副本
//该副本指向同一个对象, 因此对象内容可以通过副本改变, 而对指针副本的改变不影响原指针
static void WrongSwap(MyRefType a, MyRefType b)
{
//a,b现在是指针的副本, 不影响原指针
MyRefType t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
//而原指针和原指针副本指向同一个对象, 通过副本可以修改对象内容
a.idx = 100;
}
//使用格式化器
static void UseFormatterToSerialize()
{
MyRefType s = new MyRefType(10);
string ss = "blalala";
MemoryStream ms = SerializeToMemory(s, ss);
//我可以随意使用这个序列化信息
File.WriteAllBytes("D:\\serialize_result_bytes.qiqiqi", ms.GetBuffer());
s = null;
ss = string.Empty;
ms.Position = 0;
s = DeserializeFromMemory(ms) as MyRefType;
ss = DeserializeFromMemory(ms) as string;
Console.WriteLine(s);
Console.WriteLine(ss);
}
static void Main_Reflection(string[] args)
{
//理解AppDomain.AssemblyResolve Event
AppDomain ad = AppDomain.CurrentDomain;
ad.AssemblyResolve += ResolveMyAssemblyFailProblem;
try
{
Assembly x = Assembly.Load("invliad identification");
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Further exceptions are swallowed " + e.Message);
}
Assembly asb = Assembly.LoadFrom(@"D:\Projects\VSWorkspace\CLRviaCSharp\TestDll\bin\Debug\TestDll.dll");
//获得一个assembly中定义的类型
foreach (Type t in asb.GetExportedTypes())
{
Console.WriteLine(t.FullName);
}
#region 获得一个Type实例的方法
//-
MyRefType mrt = new MyRefType(1);
Type t1 = mrt.GetType();
Console.WriteLine("GetType on obj instance full name: " + t1.FullName); //class name with namespace
Console.WriteLine("GetType on obj instance assembly qualified name: " + t1.AssemblyQualifiedName); //class name with assembly info
string fullname = t1.FullName;
string assemblyqualifiedname = t1.AssemblyQualifiedName;
//-
Type t2 = Type.GetType("CLRviaCSharp.MyRefType");
Console.WriteLine("Type class static method: " + t2.FullName);
//-
Type t3 = Type.ReflectionOnlyGetType(assemblyqualifiedname, false, false);
Console.WriteLine("Type class static reflection only: " + t3.FullName);
//-
Assembly asbthis = Assembly.GetEntryAssembly();
Type t4 = asbthis.GetType(fullname);
Console.WriteLine("Assembly instance method: " + t4.FullName);
//- *
Type earlyType = typeof(MyRefType);
Console.WriteLine(earlyType.FullName);
#endregion
#region 获得了一个Type后, 查看他的信息
Console.WriteLine("\r\n\r\n");
Console.WriteLine("Full Name: " + earlyType.FullName);
Console.WriteLine("Assembly Name: " + earlyType.Assembly.GetName());
Console.WriteLine("IsAbstract: " + earlyType.IsAbstract);
Console.WriteLine("BaseType: " + earlyType.BaseType);
Console.WriteLine("GUID: " + earlyType.GUID);
Console.WriteLine("IsSealed: " + earlyType.IsSealed);
Console.WriteLine("Namespace: " + earlyType.Namespace);
#endregion
#region 一段列出FCL assembly中所有Exception派生类的程序
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine);
Console.Write("Test use of C# query keywords:");
var v = (from i in (new int[] { 1, 2, 3 })
where i >= 2
select i
).ToArray <int>();
Console.WriteLine(v.Length);
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine);
LoadFCLAssemblies();
Func <Type, string> GetFamilyName = null;
GetFamilyName = t => "-" + t.FullName + (t.BaseType == typeof(System.Object) ? string.Empty : GetFamilyName(t.BaseType)); //这只是一个方法定义的方式, "-"只是用来以后分割名字
var exceptionTree = //在()使用C# Query keywords
(
from ab in AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() //loop这个AppDomain的所有assembly, 对于每个assembly
from ty in ab.GetExportedTypes() //loop这个assembly中所有类型, 对于每个类型
where ty.IsClass && ty.IsPublic && typeof(Exception).IsAssignableFrom(ty) //如果ty满足这些条件, 执行以下操作
let itemPre = GetFamilyName(ty).Split('-').Reverse().ToArray() //字符串变为[]{BaseName,ChildName}
let item = String.Join("-", itemPre, 0, itemPre.Length - 1) //字符串变为"BaseName-ChildName"
orderby item
select item //输出item
).ToArray(); //所有输出形成一个数组
Console.WriteLine("All Exception Types: ");
foreach (string item in exceptionTree)
{
string[] names = item.Split('-'); //并不是都显示, 对于每一个结果只显示最子类, 前面查找子类的父类仅仅只是为了决定前面有多少个空格缩进
Console.WriteLine(new string(' ', 3 * (names.Length - 1)) + names[names.Length - 1]);
}
#endregion
}
