public override Value Visit(ConditionalExpression conditionalExpression)
        {
            var result = LookupVariable(conditionalExpression.ResultVariable.Name);

            EmitLocation(conditionalExpression);
            var condition = conditionalExpression.Condition.Accept(this);

            if (condition == null)
            {
                return(null);
            }

            EmitLocation(conditionalExpression);

            var condBool = InstructionBuilder.Compare(RealPredicate.OrderedAndNotEqual, condition, Context.CreateConstant(0.0))
                           .RegisterName("ifcond");

            var function = InstructionBuilder.InsertBlock.ContainingFunction;

            var thenBlock     = function.AppendBasicBlock("then");
            var elseBlock     = function.AppendBasicBlock("else");
            var continueBlock = function.AppendBasicBlock("ifcont");

            InstructionBuilder.Branch(condBool, thenBlock, elseBlock);

            // generate then block instructions
            InstructionBuilder.PositionAtEnd(thenBlock);
            var thenValue = conditionalExpression.ThenExpression.Accept(this);

            if (thenValue == null)
            {
                return(null);
            }

            InstructionBuilder.Store(thenValue, result);
            InstructionBuilder.Branch(continueBlock);

            // generate else block
            InstructionBuilder.PositionAtEnd(elseBlock);
            var elseValue = conditionalExpression.ElseExpression.Accept(this);

            if (elseValue == null)
            {
                return(null);
            }

            InstructionBuilder.Store(elseValue, result);
            InstructionBuilder.Branch(continueBlock);

            // generate continue block
            InstructionBuilder.PositionAtEnd(continueBlock);

            // since the Alloca is created as a non-opaque pointer it is OK to just use the
            // ElementType. If full opaque pointer support was used, then the Lookup map
            // would need to include the type of the value allocated.
            return(InstructionBuilder.Load(result.ElementType, result)
                   .RegisterName("ifresult"));
        }
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        public override Value Visit(VariableReferenceExpression reference)
        {
            var value = LookupVariable(reference.Name);

            // since the Alloca is created as a non-opaque pointer it is OK to just use the
            // ElementType. If full opaque pointer support was used, then the Lookup map
            // would need to include the type of the value allocated.
            return(InstructionBuilder.Load(value.ElementType, value)
                   .RegisterName(reference.Name));
        }
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        public override Value VisitVariableExpression([NotNull] VariableExpressionContext context)
        {
            string varName = context.Name;

            if (!NamedValues.TryGetValue(varName, out Alloca value))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("Unknown variable name", nameof(context));
            }

            return(InstructionBuilder.Load(value)
                   .RegisterName(varName));
        }
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        private static void CreateCopyFunctionBody(BitcodeModule module
                                                   , DataLayout layout
                                                   , Function copyFunc
                                                   , DIFile diFile
                                                   , ITypeRef foo
                                                   , DebugPointerType fooPtr
                                                   , DIType constFooType
                                                   )
        {
            var diBuilder = module.DIBuilder;

            copyFunc.Parameters[0].Name = "src";
            copyFunc.Parameters[1].Name = "pDst";

            // create block for the function body, only need one for this simple sample
            var blk = copyFunc.AppendBasicBlock("entry");

            // create instruction builder to build the body
            var instBuilder = new InstructionBuilder(blk);

            // create debug info locals for the arguments
            // NOTE: Debug parameter indices are 1 based!
            var paramSrc = diBuilder.CreateArgument(copyFunc.DISubProgram, "src", diFile, 11, constFooType, false, 0, 1);
            var paramDst = diBuilder.CreateArgument(copyFunc.DISubProgram, "pDst", diFile, 12, fooPtr.DIType, false, 0, 2);

            uint ptrAlign = layout.CallFrameAlignmentOf(fooPtr);

            // create Locals
            // NOTE: There's no debug location attached to these instructions.
            //       The debug info will come from the declare intrinsic below.
            var dstAddr = instBuilder.Alloca(fooPtr)
                          .RegisterName("pDst.addr")
                          .Alignment(ptrAlign);

            bool param0ByVal = copyFunc.Attributes[FunctionAttributeIndex.Parameter0].Contains(AttributeKind.ByVal);

            if (param0ByVal)
            {
                diBuilder.InsertDeclare(copyFunc.Parameters[0]
                                        , paramSrc
                                        , new DILocation(module.Context, 11, 43, copyFunc.DISubProgram)
                                        , blk
                                        );
            }

            instBuilder.Store(copyFunc.Parameters[1], dstAddr)
            .Alignment(ptrAlign);

            // insert declare pseudo instruction to attach debug info to the local declarations
            diBuilder.InsertDeclare(dstAddr, paramDst, new DILocation(module.Context, 12, 38, copyFunc.DISubProgram), blk);

            if (!param0ByVal)
            {
                // since the function's LLVM signature uses a pointer, which is copied locally
                // inform the debugger to treat it as the value by dereferencing the pointer
                diBuilder.InsertDeclare(copyFunc.Parameters[0]
                                        , paramSrc
                                        , diBuilder.CreateExpression(ExpressionOp.deref)
                                        , new DILocation(module.Context, 11, 43, copyFunc.DISubProgram)
                                        , blk
                                        );
            }

            var loadedDst = instBuilder.Load(dstAddr)
                            .Alignment(ptrAlign)
                            .SetDebugLocation(15, 6, copyFunc.DISubProgram);

            var dstPtr = instBuilder.BitCast(loadedDst, module.Context.Int8Type.CreatePointerType( ))
                         .SetDebugLocation(15, 13, copyFunc.DISubProgram);

            var srcPtr = instBuilder.BitCast(copyFunc.Parameters[0], module.Context.Int8Type.CreatePointerType( ))
                         .SetDebugLocation(15, 13, copyFunc.DISubProgram);

            uint pointerSize = layout.IntPtrType(module.Context).IntegerBitWidth;

            instBuilder.MemCpy(module
                               , dstPtr
                               , srcPtr
                               , module.Context.CreateConstant(pointerSize, layout.ByteSizeOf(foo), false)
                               , ( int )layout.AbiAlignmentOf(foo)
                               , false
                               ).SetDebugLocation(15, 13, copyFunc.DISubProgram);

            instBuilder.Return( )
            .SetDebugLocation(16, 1, copyFunc.DISubProgram);
        }
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        /*
         * // Output for-loop as:
         * //   ...
         * //   start = startexpr
         * //   goto loop
         * // loop:
         * //   variable = phi [start, loopheader], [nextvariable, loopend]
         * //   ...
         * //   bodyexpr
         * //   ...
         * // loopend:
         * //   step = stepexpr
         * //   nextvariable = variable + step
         * //   endcond = endexpr
         * //   br endcond, loop, endloop
         * // outloop:
         */
        public override Value VisitForExpression([NotNull] ForExpressionContext context)
        {
            var    function  = InstructionBuilder.InsertBlock.ContainingFunction;
            string varName   = context.Initializer.Name;
            var    allocaVar = CreateEntryBlockAlloca(function, varName);

            // Emit the start code first, without 'variable' in scope.
            Value startVal = null;

            if (context.Initializer.Value != null)
            {
                startVal = context.Initializer.Value.Accept(this);
                if (startVal == null)
                {
                    return(null);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                startVal = Context.CreateConstant(0.0);
            }

            // store the value into allocated location
            InstructionBuilder.Store(startVal, allocaVar);

            // Make the new basic block for the loop header, inserting after current
            // block.
            var preHeaderBlock = InstructionBuilder.InsertBlock;
            var loopBlock      = Context.CreateBasicBlock("loop", function);

            // Insert an explicit fall through from the current block to the loopBlock.
            InstructionBuilder.Branch(loopBlock);

            // Start insertion in loopBlock.
            InstructionBuilder.PositionAtEnd(loopBlock);

            // Start the PHI node with an entry for Start.
            var variable = InstructionBuilder.PhiNode(Context.DoubleType)
                           .RegisterName(varName);

            variable.AddIncoming(startVal, preHeaderBlock);

            // Within the loop, the variable is defined equal to the PHI node.  If it
            // shadows an existing variable, we have to restore it, so save it now.
            NamedValues.TryGetValue(varName, out Alloca oldValue);
            NamedValues[varName] = allocaVar;

            // Emit the body of the loop.  This, like any other expr, can change the
            // current BB.  Note that we ignore the value computed by the body, but don't
            // allow an error.
            if (context.BodyExpression.Accept(this) == null)
            {
                return(null);
            }

            Value stepValue = Context.CreateConstant(1.0);

            // DEBUG: How does ANTLR represent optional context (Null or IsEmpty == true)
            if (context.StepExpression != null)
            {
                stepValue = context.StepExpression.Accept(this);
                if (stepValue == null)
                {
                    return(null);
                }
            }

            // Compute the end condition.
            Value endCondition = context.EndExpression.Accept(this);

            if (endCondition == null)
            {
                return(null);
            }

            var curVar = InstructionBuilder.Load(allocaVar)
                         .RegisterName(varName);
            var nextVar = InstructionBuilder.FAdd(curVar, stepValue)
                          .RegisterName("nextvar");

            InstructionBuilder.Store(nextVar, allocaVar);

            // Convert condition to a bool by comparing non-equal to 0.0.
            endCondition = InstructionBuilder.Compare(RealPredicate.OrderedAndNotEqual, endCondition, Context.CreateConstant(1.0))
                           .RegisterName("loopcond");

            // Create the "after loop" block and insert it.
            var loopEndBlock = InstructionBuilder.InsertBlock;
            var afterBlock   = Context.CreateBasicBlock("afterloop", function);

            // Insert the conditional branch into the end of LoopEndBB.
            InstructionBuilder.Branch(endCondition, loopBlock, afterBlock);
            InstructionBuilder.PositionAtEnd(afterBlock);

            // Add a new entry to the PHI node for the backedge.
            variable.AddIncoming(nextVar, loopEndBlock);

            // Restore the unshadowed variable.
            if (oldValue != null)
            {
                NamedValues[varName] = oldValue;
            }
            else
            {
                NamedValues.Remove(varName);
            }

            // for expr always returns 0.0 for consistency, there is no 'void'
            return(Context.DoubleType.GetNullValue( ));
        }
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        public override Value?Visit(ForInExpression forInExpression)
        {
            forInExpression.ValidateNotNull(nameof(forInExpression));
            EmitLocation(forInExpression);
            var function = InstructionBuilder.InsertFunction;

            if (function is null)
            {
                throw new InternalCodeGeneratorException("ICE: Expected block attached to a function at this point");
            }

            string varName   = forInExpression.LoopVariable.Name;
            Alloca allocaVar = LookupVariable(varName);

            // Emit the start code first, without 'variable' in scope.
            Value?startVal;

            if (forInExpression.LoopVariable.Initializer != null)
            {
                startVal = forInExpression.LoopVariable.Initializer.Accept(this);
                if (startVal is null)
                {
                    return(null);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                startVal = Context.CreateConstant(0.0);
            }

            // store the value into allocated location
            InstructionBuilder.Store(startVal, allocaVar);

            // Make the new basic block for the loop header.
            var loopBlock = function.AppendBasicBlock("loop");

            // Insert an explicit fall through from the current block to the loopBlock.
            InstructionBuilder.Branch(loopBlock);

            // Start insertion in loopBlock.
            InstructionBuilder.PositionAtEnd(loopBlock);

            // Within the loop, the variable is defined equal to the PHI node.
            // So, push a new scope for it and any values the body might set
            using (NamedValues.EnterScope( ))
            {
                EmitBranchToNewBlock("ForInScope");

                // Emit the body of the loop.  This, like any other expression, can change the
                // current BB.  Note that we ignore the value computed by the body, but don't
                // allow an error.
                if (forInExpression.Body.Accept(this) == null)
                {
                    return(null);
                }

                Value?stepValue = forInExpression.Step.Accept(this);
                if (stepValue == null)
                {
                    return(null);
                }

                // Compute the end condition.
                Value?endCondition = forInExpression.Condition.Accept(this);
                if (endCondition == null)
                {
                    return(null);
                }

                // since the Alloca is created as a non-opaque pointer it is OK to just use the
                // ElementType. If full opaque pointer support was used, then the Lookup map
                // would need to include the type of the value allocated.
                var curVar = InstructionBuilder.Load(allocaVar.ElementType, allocaVar)
                             .RegisterName(varName);
                var nextVar = InstructionBuilder.FAdd(curVar, stepValue)
                              .RegisterName("nextvar");
                InstructionBuilder.Store(nextVar, allocaVar);

                // Convert condition to a bool by comparing non-equal to 0.0.
                endCondition = InstructionBuilder.Compare(RealPredicate.OrderedAndNotEqual, endCondition, Context.CreateConstant(0.0))
                               .RegisterName("loopcond");

                // Create the "after loop" block and insert it.
                var afterBlock = function.AppendBasicBlock("afterloop");

                // Insert the conditional branch into the end of LoopEndBB.
                InstructionBuilder.Branch(endCondition, loopBlock, afterBlock);
                InstructionBuilder.PositionAtEnd(afterBlock);

                // for expression always returns 0.0 for consistency, there is no 'void'
                return(Context.DoubleType.GetNullValue( ));
            }
        }
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        public override Value?Visit(ConditionalExpression conditionalExpression)
        {
            conditionalExpression.ValidateNotNull(nameof(conditionalExpression));
            var result = LookupVariable(conditionalExpression.ResultVariable.Name);

            EmitLocation(conditionalExpression);
            var condition = conditionalExpression.Condition.Accept(this);

            if (condition == null)
            {
                return(null);
            }

            EmitLocation(conditionalExpression);

            var condBool = InstructionBuilder.Compare(RealPredicate.OrderedAndNotEqual, condition, Context.CreateConstant(0.0))
                           .RegisterName("ifcond");

            var function = InstructionBuilder.InsertFunction;

            if (function is null)
            {
                throw new InternalCodeGeneratorException("ICE: expected block that is attached to a function at this point");
            }

            var thenBlock     = function.AppendBasicBlock("then");
            var elseBlock     = function.AppendBasicBlock("else");
            var continueBlock = function.AppendBasicBlock("ifcont");

            InstructionBuilder.Branch(condBool, thenBlock, elseBlock);

            // generate then block instructions
            InstructionBuilder.PositionAtEnd(thenBlock);

            // InstructionBuilder.InserBlock after this point is !null
            Debug.Assert(InstructionBuilder.InsertBlock != null, "expected non-null InsertBlock");
            var thenValue = conditionalExpression.ThenExpression.Accept(this);

            if (thenValue == null)
            {
                return(null);
            }

            InstructionBuilder.Store(thenValue, result);
            InstructionBuilder.Branch(continueBlock);

            // generate else block
            InstructionBuilder.PositionAtEnd(elseBlock);
            var elseValue = conditionalExpression.ElseExpression.Accept(this);

            if (elseValue == null)
            {
                return(null);
            }

            InstructionBuilder.Store(elseValue, result);
            InstructionBuilder.Branch(continueBlock);

            // generate continue block
            InstructionBuilder.PositionAtEnd(continueBlock);

            // since the Alloca is created as a non-opaque pointer it is OK to just use the
            // ElementType. If full opaque pointer support was used, then the Lookup map
            // would need to include the type of the value allocated.
            return(InstructionBuilder.Load(result.ElementType, result)
                   .RegisterName("ifresult"));
        }