public RedirectResult RedirectToAuthenticate(string providerKey)
        {
            // Which provider are we after?
            // NOTE: We don't want to use the default callback route, so we're specifying our own route, here.
            var settings = _authenticationService.GetAuthenticateServiceSettings(providerKey, Request.Url,
                                                                                 "home/authenticatecallback");

            // For shits and giggles, we'll remember the referrer to highlight that we can
            // redirect back to where we started, if we want to.
            string referrer = null;

            if (Request != null &&
                Request.UrlReferrer != null &&
                !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Request.UrlReferrer.AbsoluteUri))
            {
                referrer = Request.UrlReferrer.AbsoluteUri;
            }

            // Create the CRSF Token.
            var token = _antiForgery.CreateToken(referrer);

            settings.State = token.ToSend;

            // Remember this token for when we are handling the callback.
            var cookie = new HttpCookie(_antiForgery.DefaultCookieName)
            {
                Value = token.ToKeep, HttpOnly = true
            };

            Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);

            // Determine the provider's end point Url we need to redirect to.
            var uri = _authenticationService.RedirectToAuthenticationProvider(settings);

            // Kthxgo!
            return(Redirect(uri.AbsoluteUri));
        }
        public RedirectResult RedirectToProvider(RedirectToProviderInputModel inputModel)
        {
            if (!ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(
                          "Some binding errors occured. This means at least one Request value (eg. form post or querystring parameter) provided is invalid. Generally, we need a ProviderName as a string.");
            }

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(inputModel.ProviderKey))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(
                          "ProviderKey value missing. You need to supply a valid provider key so we know where to redirect the user Eg. google.");
            }

            // Grab the required Provider settings.
            var settings = AuthenticationService.GetAuthenticateServiceSettings(inputModel.ProviderKey,
                                                                                Request.Url,
                                                                                Url.CallbackFromOAuthProvider());

            // An OpenId specific settings provided?
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(inputModel.Identifier) &&
                settings is IOpenIdAuthenticationServiceSettings)
            {
                Uri identifier;
                if (!Uri.TryCreate(inputModel.Identifier, UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute, out identifier))
                {
                    throw new ArgumentException(
                              "Indentifier value was not in the correct Uri format. Eg. http://myopenid.com or https://yourname.myopenid.com");
                }
                ((IOpenIdAuthenticationServiceSettings)settings).Identifier = identifier;
            }

            // Our convention is to remember some redirect url once we are finished in the callback.
            // NOTE: If no redirectUrl data has been provided, then default to the Referrer, if one exists.
            string extraData = null;

            if (RedirectUrl != null &&
                !string.IsNullOrEmpty(RedirectUrl.AbsoluteUri))
            {
                // We have extra state information we will need to retrieve.
                extraData = RedirectUrl.AbsoluteUri;
            }
            else if (Request != null &&
                     Request.UrlReferrer != null &&
                     !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Request.UrlReferrer.AbsoluteUri))
            {
                extraData = Request.UrlReferrer.AbsoluteUri;
            }

            // Generate a token pair.
            var token = _antiForgery.CreateToken(extraData);

            // Put the "ToSend" value in the state parameter to send along to the OAuth Provider.
            settings.State = token.ToSend;

            // Serialize the ToKeep value in the cookie.
            SerializeToken(Response, token.ToKeep);

            // Determine the provider's end point Url we need to redirect to.
            var uri = AuthenticationService.RedirectToAuthenticationProvider(settings);

            // Kthxgo!
            return(Redirect(uri.AbsoluteUri));
        }