Exemple #1
0
        public static void Encode(String content, ErrorCorrectionLevel ecLevel, IDictionary<EncodeHintType, Object> hints,
            QRCode qrCode) {

            String encoding = null;
            if (hints != null && hints.ContainsKey(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET))
                encoding = (string)hints[EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET];
            if (encoding == null) {
                encoding = DEFAULT_BYTE_MODE_ENCODING;
            }

            // Step 1: Choose the mode (encoding).
            Mode mode = ChooseMode(content, encoding);

            // Step 2: Append "bytes" into "dataBits" in appropriate encoding.
            BitVector dataBits = new BitVector();
            AppendBytes(content, mode, dataBits, encoding);
            // Step 3: Initialize QR code that can contain "dataBits".
            int numInputBytes = dataBits.SizeInBytes();
            InitQRCode(numInputBytes, ecLevel, mode, qrCode);

            // Step 4: Build another bit vector that contains header and data.
            BitVector headerAndDataBits = new BitVector();

            // Step 4.5: Append ECI message if applicable
            if (mode == Mode.BYTE && !DEFAULT_BYTE_MODE_ENCODING.Equals(encoding)) {
                CharacterSetECI eci = CharacterSetECI.GetCharacterSetECIByName(encoding);
                if (eci != null) {
                    AppendECI(eci, headerAndDataBits);
                }
            }

            AppendModeInfo(mode, headerAndDataBits);

            int numLetters = mode.Equals(Mode.BYTE) ? dataBits.SizeInBytes() : content.Length;
            AppendLengthInfo(numLetters, qrCode.GetVersion(), mode, headerAndDataBits);
            headerAndDataBits.AppendBitVector(dataBits);

            // Step 5: Terminate the bits properly.
            TerminateBits(qrCode.GetNumDataBytes(), headerAndDataBits);

            // Step 6: Interleave data bits with error correction code.
            BitVector finalBits = new BitVector();
            InterleaveWithECBytes(headerAndDataBits, qrCode.GetNumTotalBytes(), qrCode.GetNumDataBytes(),
                qrCode.GetNumRSBlocks(), finalBits);

            // Step 7: Choose the mask pattern and set to "qrCode".
            ByteMatrix matrix = new ByteMatrix(qrCode.GetMatrixWidth(), qrCode.GetMatrixWidth());
            qrCode.SetMaskPattern(ChooseMaskPattern(finalBits, qrCode.GetECLevel(), qrCode.GetVersion(),
                matrix));

            // Step 8.  Build the matrix and set it to "qrCode".
            MatrixUtil.BuildMatrix(finalBits, qrCode.GetECLevel(), qrCode.GetVersion(),
                qrCode.GetMaskPattern(), matrix);
            qrCode.SetMatrix(matrix);
            // Step 9.  Make sure we have a valid QR Code.
            if (!qrCode.IsValid()) {
                throw new WriterException("Invalid QR code: " + qrCode.ToString());
            }
        }
Exemple #2
0
 /**
  * Terminate bits as described in 8.4.8 and 8.4.9 of JISX0510:2004 (p.24).
  */
 static void TerminateBits(int numDataBytes, BitVector bits) {
     int capacity = numDataBytes << 3;
     if (bits.Size() > capacity) {
         throw new WriterException("data bits cannot fit in the QR Code" + bits.Size() + " > " +
             capacity);
     }
     // Append termination bits. See 8.4.8 of JISX0510:2004 (p.24) for details.
     // TODO: srowen says we can remove this for loop, since the 4 terminator bits are optional if
     // the last byte has less than 4 bits left. So it amounts to padding the last byte with zeroes
     // either way.
     for (int i = 0; i < 4 && bits.Size() < capacity; ++i) {
         bits.AppendBit(0);
     }
     int numBitsInLastByte = bits.Size() % 8;
     // If the last byte isn't 8-bit aligned, we'll add padding bits.
     if (numBitsInLastByte > 0) {
         int numPaddingBits = 8 - numBitsInLastByte;
         for (int i = 0; i < numPaddingBits; ++i) {
             bits.AppendBit(0);
         }
     }
     // Should be 8-bit aligned here.
     if (bits.Size() % 8 != 0) {
         throw new WriterException("Number of bits is not a multiple of 8");
     }
     // If we have more space, we'll fill the space with padding patterns defined in 8.4.9 (p.24).
     int numPaddingBytes = numDataBytes - bits.SizeInBytes();
     for (int i = 0; i < numPaddingBytes; ++i) {
         if (i % 2 == 0) {
             bits.AppendBits(0xec, 8);
         }
         else {
             bits.AppendBits(0x11, 8);
         }
     }
     if (bits.Size() != capacity) {
         throw new WriterException("Bits size does not equal capacity");
     }
 }
Exemple #3
0
        private static int ChooseMaskPattern(BitVector bits, ErrorCorrectionLevel ecLevel, int version,
            ByteMatrix matrix) {

            int minPenalty = int.MaxValue;  // Lower penalty is better.
            int bestMaskPattern = -1;
            // We try all mask patterns to choose the best one.
            for (int maskPattern = 0; maskPattern < QRCode.NUM_MASK_PATTERNS; maskPattern++) {
                MatrixUtil.BuildMatrix(bits, ecLevel, version, maskPattern, matrix);
                int penalty = CalculateMaskPenalty(matrix);
                if (penalty < minPenalty) {
                    minPenalty = penalty;
                    bestMaskPattern = maskPattern;
                }
            }
            return bestMaskPattern;
        }
Exemple #4
0
 // Build 2D matrix of QR Code from "dataBits" with "ecLevel", "version" and "getMaskPattern". On
 // success, store the result in "matrix" and return true.
 public static void BuildMatrix(BitVector dataBits, ErrorCorrectionLevel ecLevel, int version,
     int maskPattern, ByteMatrix matrix)
 {
     ClearMatrix(matrix);
     EmbedBasicPatterns(version, matrix);
     // Type information appear with any version.
     EmbedTypeInfo(ecLevel, maskPattern, matrix);
     // Version info appear if version >= 7.
     MaybeEmbedVersionInfo(version, matrix);
     // Data should be embedded at end.
     EmbedDataBits(dataBits, maskPattern, matrix);
 }
Exemple #5
0
 private static void AppendECI(CharacterSetECI eci, BitVector bits) {
     bits.AppendBits(Mode.ECI.GetBits(), 4);
     // This is correct for values up to 127, which is all we need now.
     bits.AppendBits(eci.GetValue(), 8);
 }
Exemple #6
0
 static void Append8BitBytes(String content, BitVector bits, String encoding) {
     byte[] bytes;
     try {
         bytes = Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(content);
     }
     catch (Exception uee) {
         throw new WriterException(uee.Message);
     }
     for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; ++i) {
         bits.AppendBits(bytes[i], 8);
     }
 }
Exemple #7
0
 static void AppendNumericBytes(String content, BitVector bits) {
     int length = content.Length;
     int i = 0;
     while (i < length) {
         int num1 = content[i] - '0';
         if (i + 2 < length) {
             // Encode three numeric letters in ten bits.
             int num2 = content[i + 1] - '0';
             int num3 = content[i + 2] - '0';
             bits.AppendBits(num1 * 100 + num2 * 10 + num3, 10);
             i += 3;
         }
         else if (i + 1 < length) {
             // Encode two numeric letters in seven bits.
             int num2 = content[i + 1] - '0';
             bits.AppendBits(num1 * 10 + num2, 7);
             i += 2;
         }
         else {
             // Encode one numeric letter in four bits.
             bits.AppendBits(num1, 4);
             i++;
         }
     }
 }
Exemple #8
0
 /**
  * Append length info. On success, store the result in "bits".
  */
 static void AppendLengthInfo(int numLetters, int version, Mode mode, BitVector bits) {
     int numBits = mode.GetCharacterCountBits(Version.GetVersionForNumber(version));
     if (numLetters > ((1 << numBits) - 1)) {
         throw new WriterException(numLetters + "is bigger than" + ((1 << numBits) - 1));
     }
     bits.AppendBits(numLetters, numBits);
 }
Exemple #9
0
        /**
         * Interleave "bits" with corresponding error correction bytes. On success, store the result in
         * "result". The interleave rule is complicated. See 8.6 of JISX0510:2004 (p.37) for details.
         */
        static void InterleaveWithECBytes(BitVector bits, int numTotalBytes,
                                          int numDataBytes, int numRSBlocks, BitVector result)
        {
            // "bits" must have "getNumDataBytes" bytes of data.
            if (bits.SizeInBytes() != numDataBytes)
            {
                throw new WriterException("Number of bits and data bytes does not match");
            }

            // Step 1.  Divide data bytes into blocks and generate error correction bytes for them. We'll
            // store the divided data bytes blocks and error correction bytes blocks into "blocks".
            int dataBytesOffset = 0;
            int maxNumDataBytes = 0;
            int maxNumEcBytes   = 0;

            // Since, we know the number of reedsolmon blocks, we can initialize the vector with the number.
            List <BlockPair> blocks = new List <BlockPair>(numRSBlocks);

            for (int i = 0; i < numRSBlocks; ++i)
            {
                int[] numDataBytesInBlock = new int[1];
                int[] numEcBytesInBlock   = new int[1];
                GetNumDataBytesAndNumECBytesForBlockID(
                    numTotalBytes, numDataBytes, numRSBlocks, i,
                    numDataBytesInBlock, numEcBytesInBlock);

                ByteArray dataBytes = new ByteArray();
                dataBytes.Set(bits.GetArray(), dataBytesOffset, numDataBytesInBlock[0]);
                ByteArray ecBytes = GenerateECBytes(dataBytes, numEcBytesInBlock[0]);
                blocks.Add(new BlockPair(dataBytes, ecBytes));

                maxNumDataBytes  = Math.Max(maxNumDataBytes, dataBytes.Size());
                maxNumEcBytes    = Math.Max(maxNumEcBytes, ecBytes.Size());
                dataBytesOffset += numDataBytesInBlock[0];
            }
            if (numDataBytes != dataBytesOffset)
            {
                throw new WriterException("Data bytes does not match offset");
            }

            // First, place data blocks.
            for (int i = 0; i < maxNumDataBytes; ++i)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < blocks.Count; ++j)
                {
                    ByteArray dataBytes = blocks[j].GetDataBytes();
                    if (i < dataBytes.Size())
                    {
                        result.AppendBits(dataBytes.At(i), 8);
                    }
                }
            }
            // Then, place error correction blocks.
            for (int i = 0; i < maxNumEcBytes; ++i)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < blocks.Count; ++j)
                {
                    ByteArray ecBytes = blocks[j].GetErrorCorrectionBytes();
                    if (i < ecBytes.Size())
                    {
                        result.AppendBits(ecBytes.At(i), 8);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (numTotalBytes != result.SizeInBytes())    // Should be same.
            {
                throw new WriterException("Interleaving error: " + numTotalBytes + " and " +
                                          result.SizeInBytes() + " differ.");
            }
        }
Exemple #10
0
        // Embed version information if need be. On success, modify the matrix and return true.
        // See 8.10 of JISX0510:2004 (p.47) for how to embed version information.
        public static void MaybeEmbedVersionInfo(int version, ByteMatrix matrix)
        {
            if (version < 7) {  // Version info is necessary if version >= 7.
                return;  // Don't need version info.
            }
            BitVector versionInfoBits = new BitVector();
            MakeVersionInfoBits(version, versionInfoBits);

            int bitIndex = 6 * 3 - 1;  // It will decrease from 17 to 0.
            for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
                for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
                    // Place bits in LSB (least significant bit) to MSB order.
                    int bit = versionInfoBits.At(bitIndex);
                    bitIndex--;
                    // Left bottom corner.
                    matrix.Set(i, matrix.GetHeight() - 11 + j, bit);
                    // Right bottom corner.
                    matrix.Set(matrix.GetHeight() - 11 + j, i, bit);
                }
            }
        }
Exemple #11
0
        // Make bit vector of version information. On success, store the result in "bits" and return true.
        // See 8.10 of JISX0510:2004 (p.45) for details.
        public static void MakeVersionInfoBits(int version, BitVector bits)
        {
            bits.AppendBits(version, 6);
            int bchCode = CalculateBCHCode(version, VERSION_INFO_POLY);
            bits.AppendBits(bchCode, 12);

            if (bits.Size() != 18) {  // Just in case.
                throw new WriterException("should not happen but we got: " + bits.Size());
            }
        }
Exemple #12
0
        // Make bit vector of type information. On success, store the result in "bits" and return true.
        // Encode error correction level and mask pattern. See 8.9 of
        // JISX0510:2004 (p.45) for details.
        public static void MakeTypeInfoBits(ErrorCorrectionLevel ecLevel, int maskPattern, BitVector bits)
        {
            if (!QRCode.IsValidMaskPattern(maskPattern)) {
                throw new WriterException("Invalid mask pattern");
            }
            int typeInfo = (ecLevel.GetBits() << 3) | maskPattern;
            bits.AppendBits(typeInfo, 5);

            int bchCode = CalculateBCHCode(typeInfo, TYPE_INFO_POLY);
            bits.AppendBits(bchCode, 10);

            BitVector maskBits = new BitVector();
            maskBits.AppendBits(TYPE_INFO_MASK_PATTERN, 15);
            bits.Xor(maskBits);

            if (bits.Size() != 15) {  // Just in case.
                throw new WriterException("should not happen but we got: " + bits.Size());
            }
        }
Exemple #13
0
        // Embed type information. On success, modify the matrix.
        public static void EmbedTypeInfo(ErrorCorrectionLevel ecLevel, int maskPattern, ByteMatrix matrix)
        {
            BitVector typeInfoBits = new BitVector();
            MakeTypeInfoBits(ecLevel, maskPattern, typeInfoBits);

            for (int i = 0; i < typeInfoBits.Size(); ++i) {
                // Place bits in LSB to MSB order.  LSB (least significant bit) is the last value in
                // "typeInfoBits".
                int bit = typeInfoBits.At(typeInfoBits.Size() - 1 - i);

                // Type info bits at the left top corner. See 8.9 of JISX0510:2004 (p.46).
                int x1 = TYPE_INFO_COORDINATES[i][0];
                int y1 = TYPE_INFO_COORDINATES[i][1];
                matrix.Set(x1, y1, bit);

                if (i < 8) {
                    // Right top corner.
                    int x2 = matrix.GetWidth() - i - 1;
                    int y2 = 8;
                    matrix.Set(x2, y2, bit);
                }
                else {
                    // Left bottom corner.
                    int x2 = 8;
                    int y2 = matrix.GetHeight() - 7 + (i - 8);
                    matrix.Set(x2, y2, bit);
                }
            }
        }
Exemple #14
0
        // Embed "dataBits" using "getMaskPattern". On success, modify the matrix and return true.
        // For debugging purposes, it skips masking process if "getMaskPattern" is -1.
        // See 8.7 of JISX0510:2004 (p.38) for how to embed data bits.
        public static void EmbedDataBits(BitVector dataBits, int maskPattern, ByteMatrix matrix)
        {
            int bitIndex = 0;
            int direction = -1;
            // Start from the right bottom cell.
            int x = matrix.GetWidth() - 1;
            int y = matrix.GetHeight() - 1;
            while (x > 0) {
                // Skip the vertical timing pattern.
                if (x == 6) {
                    x -= 1;
                }
                while (y >= 0 && y < matrix.GetHeight()) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
                        int xx = x - i;
                        // Skip the cell if it's not empty.
                        if (!IsEmpty(matrix.Get(xx, y))) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        int bit;
                        if (bitIndex < dataBits.Size()) {
                            bit = dataBits.At(bitIndex);
                            ++bitIndex;
                        }
                        else {
                            // Padding bit. If there is no bit left, we'll fill the left cells with 0, as described
                            // in 8.4.9 of JISX0510:2004 (p. 24).
                            bit = 0;
                        }

                        // Skip masking if mask_pattern is -1.
                        if (maskPattern != -1) {
                            if (MaskUtil.GetDataMaskBit(maskPattern, xx, y)) {
                                bit ^= 0x1;
                            }
                        }
                        matrix.Set(xx, y, bit);
                    }
                    y += direction;
                }
                direction = -direction;  // Reverse the direction.
                y += direction;
                x -= 2;  // Move to the left.
            }
            // All bits should be consumed.
            if (bitIndex != dataBits.Size()) {
                throw new WriterException("Not all bits consumed: " + bitIndex + '/' + dataBits.Size());
            }
        }
Exemple #15
0
        /**
         * Interleave "bits" with corresponding error correction bytes. On success, store the result in
         * "result". The interleave rule is complicated. See 8.6 of JISX0510:2004 (p.37) for details.
         */
        static void InterleaveWithECBytes(BitVector bits, int numTotalBytes,
            int numDataBytes, int numRSBlocks, BitVector result) {

            // "bits" must have "getNumDataBytes" bytes of data.
            if (bits.SizeInBytes() != numDataBytes) {
                throw new WriterException("Number of bits and data bytes does not match");
            }

            // Step 1.  Divide data bytes into blocks and generate error correction bytes for them. We'll
            // store the divided data bytes blocks and error correction bytes blocks into "blocks".
            int dataBytesOffset = 0;
            int maxNumDataBytes = 0;
            int maxNumEcBytes = 0;

            // Since, we know the number of reedsolmon blocks, we can initialize the vector with the number.
            List<BlockPair> blocks = new List<BlockPair>(numRSBlocks);

            for (int i = 0; i < numRSBlocks; ++i) {
                int[] numDataBytesInBlock = new int[1];
                int[] numEcBytesInBlock = new int[1];
                GetNumDataBytesAndNumECBytesForBlockID(
                    numTotalBytes, numDataBytes, numRSBlocks, i,
                    numDataBytesInBlock, numEcBytesInBlock);

                ByteArray dataBytes = new ByteArray();
                dataBytes.Set(bits.GetArray(), dataBytesOffset, numDataBytesInBlock[0]);
                ByteArray ecBytes = GenerateECBytes(dataBytes, numEcBytesInBlock[0]);
                blocks.Add(new BlockPair(dataBytes, ecBytes));

                maxNumDataBytes = Math.Max(maxNumDataBytes, dataBytes.Size());
                maxNumEcBytes = Math.Max(maxNumEcBytes, ecBytes.Size());
                dataBytesOffset += numDataBytesInBlock[0];
            }
            if (numDataBytes != dataBytesOffset) {
                throw new WriterException("Data bytes does not match offset");
            }

            // First, place data blocks.
            for (int i = 0; i < maxNumDataBytes; ++i) {
                for (int j = 0; j < blocks.Count; ++j) {
                    ByteArray dataBytes = blocks[j].GetDataBytes();
                    if (i < dataBytes.Size()) {
                        result.AppendBits(dataBytes.At(i), 8);
                    }
                }
            }
            // Then, place error correction blocks.
            for (int i = 0; i < maxNumEcBytes; ++i) {
                for (int j = 0; j < blocks.Count; ++j) {
                    ByteArray ecBytes = blocks[j].GetErrorCorrectionBytes();
                    if (i < ecBytes.Size()) {
                        result.AppendBits(ecBytes.At(i), 8);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (numTotalBytes != result.SizeInBytes()) {  // Should be same.
                throw new WriterException("Interleaving error: " + numTotalBytes + " and " +
                    result.SizeInBytes() + " differ.");
            }
        }
Exemple #16
0
 /**
  * Append mode info. On success, store the result in "bits".
  */
 static void AppendModeInfo(Mode mode, BitVector bits) {
     bits.AppendBits(mode.GetBits(), 4);
 }
Exemple #17
0
 /**
  * Append mode info. On success, store the result in "bits".
  */
 static void AppendModeInfo(Mode mode, BitVector bits)
 {
     bits.AppendBits(mode.GetBits(), 4);
 }
Exemple #18
0
 /**
  * Append "bytes" in "mode" mode (encoding) into "bits". On success, store the result in "bits".
  */
 static void AppendBytes(String content, Mode mode, BitVector bits, String encoding) {
     if (mode.Equals(Mode.NUMERIC)) {
         AppendNumericBytes(content, bits);
     }
     else if (mode.Equals(Mode.ALPHANUMERIC)) {
         AppendAlphanumericBytes(content, bits);
     }
     else if (mode.Equals(Mode.BYTE)) {
         Append8BitBytes(content, bits, encoding);
     }
     else if (mode.Equals(Mode.KANJI)) {
         AppendKanjiBytes(content, bits);
     }
     else {
         throw new WriterException("Invalid mode: " + mode);
     }
 }
Exemple #19
0
 private static void AppendECI(CharacterSetECI eci, BitVector bits)
 {
     bits.AppendBits(Mode.ECI.GetBits(), 4);
     // This is correct for values up to 127, which is all we need now.
     bits.AppendBits(eci.GetValue(), 8);
 }
Exemple #20
0
 static void AppendAlphanumericBytes(String content, BitVector bits) {
     int length = content.Length;
     int i = 0;
     while (i < length) {
         int code1 = GetAlphanumericCode(content[i]);
         if (code1 == -1) {
             throw new WriterException();
         }
         if (i + 1 < length) {
             int code2 = GetAlphanumericCode(content[i + 1]);
             if (code2 == -1) {
                 throw new WriterException();
             }
             // Encode two alphanumeric letters in 11 bits.
             bits.AppendBits(code1 * 45 + code2, 11);
             i += 2;
         }
         else {
             // Encode one alphanumeric letter in six bits.
             bits.AppendBits(code1, 6);
             i++;
         }
     }
 }
Exemple #21
0
        public static void Encode(String content, ErrorCorrectionLevel ecLevel, IDictionary <EncodeHintType, Object> hints,
                                  QRCode qrCode)
        {
            String encoding = null;

            if (hints != null && hints.ContainsKey(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET))
            {
                encoding = (string)hints[EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET];
            }
            if (encoding == null)
            {
                encoding = DEFAULT_BYTE_MODE_ENCODING;
            }

            // Step 1: Choose the mode (encoding).
            Mode mode = ChooseMode(content, encoding);

            // Step 2: Append "bytes" into "dataBits" in appropriate encoding.
            BitVector dataBits = new BitVector();

            AppendBytes(content, mode, dataBits, encoding);
            // Step 3: Initialize QR code that can contain "dataBits".
            int numInputBytes = dataBits.SizeInBytes();

            InitQRCode(numInputBytes, ecLevel, mode, qrCode);

            // Step 4: Build another bit vector that contains header and data.
            BitVector headerAndDataBits = new BitVector();

            // Step 4.5: Append ECI message if applicable
            if (mode == Mode.BYTE && !DEFAULT_BYTE_MODE_ENCODING.Equals(encoding))
            {
                CharacterSetECI eci = CharacterSetECI.GetCharacterSetECIByName(encoding);
                if (eci != null)
                {
                    AppendECI(eci, headerAndDataBits);
                }
            }

            AppendModeInfo(mode, headerAndDataBits);

            int numLetters = mode.Equals(Mode.BYTE) ? dataBits.SizeInBytes() : content.Length;

            AppendLengthInfo(numLetters, qrCode.GetVersion(), mode, headerAndDataBits);
            headerAndDataBits.AppendBitVector(dataBits);

            // Step 5: Terminate the bits properly.
            TerminateBits(qrCode.GetNumDataBytes(), headerAndDataBits);

            // Step 6: Interleave data bits with error correction code.
            BitVector finalBits = new BitVector();

            InterleaveWithECBytes(headerAndDataBits, qrCode.GetNumTotalBytes(), qrCode.GetNumDataBytes(),
                                  qrCode.GetNumRSBlocks(), finalBits);

            // Step 7: Choose the mask pattern and set to "qrCode".
            ByteMatrix matrix = new ByteMatrix(qrCode.GetMatrixWidth(), qrCode.GetMatrixWidth());

            qrCode.SetMaskPattern(ChooseMaskPattern(finalBits, qrCode.GetECLevel(), qrCode.GetVersion(),
                                                    matrix));

            // Step 8.  Build the matrix and set it to "qrCode".
            MatrixUtil.BuildMatrix(finalBits, qrCode.GetECLevel(), qrCode.GetVersion(),
                                   qrCode.GetMaskPattern(), matrix);
            qrCode.SetMatrix(matrix);
            // Step 9.  Make sure we have a valid QR Code.
            if (!qrCode.IsValid())
            {
                throw new WriterException("Invalid QR code: " + qrCode.ToString());
            }
        }
Exemple #22
0
 static void AppendKanjiBytes(String content, BitVector bits) {
     byte[] bytes;
     try {
         bytes = Encoding.GetEncoding("Shift_JIS").GetBytes(content);
     }
     catch (Exception uee) {
         throw new WriterException(uee.Message);
     }
     int length = bytes.Length;
     for (int i = 0; i < length; i += 2) {
         int byte1 = bytes[i] & 0xFF;
         int byte2 = bytes[i + 1] & 0xFF;
         int code = (byte1 << 8) | byte2;
         int subtracted = -1;
         if (code >= 0x8140 && code <= 0x9ffc) {
             subtracted = code - 0x8140;
         }
         else if (code >= 0xe040 && code <= 0xebbf) {
             subtracted = code - 0xc140;
         }
         if (subtracted == -1) {
             throw new WriterException("Invalid byte sequence");
         }
         int encoded = ((subtracted >> 8) * 0xc0) + (subtracted & 0xff);
         bits.AppendBits(encoded, 13);
     }
 }
 // Append "bits".
 public void AppendBitVector(BitVector bits) {
     int size = bits.Size();
     for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
         AppendBit(bits.At(i));
     }
 }
 // Modify the bit vector by XOR'ing with "other"
 public void Xor(BitVector other) {
     if (sizeInBits != other.Size()) {
         throw new ArgumentException("BitVector sizes don't match");
     }
     int sizeInBytes = (sizeInBits + 7) >> 3;
     for (int i = 0; i < sizeInBytes; ++i) {
         // The last byte could be incomplete (i.e. not have 8 bits in
         // it) but there is no problem since 0 XOR 0 == 0.
         array[i] ^= other.array[i];
     }
 }
        // Make bit vector of type information. On success, store the result in "bits" and return true.
        // Encode error correction level and mask pattern. See 8.9 of
        // JISX0510:2004 (p.45) for details.
        public static void MakeTypeInfoBits(ErrorCorrectionLevel ecLevel, int maskPattern, BitVector bits)
        {
            if (!QRCode.IsValidMaskPattern(maskPattern))
            {
                throw new WriterException("Invalid mask pattern");
            }
            int typeInfo = (ecLevel.GetBits() << 3) | maskPattern;

            bits.AppendBits(typeInfo, 5);

            int bchCode = CalculateBCHCode(typeInfo, TYPE_INFO_POLY);

            bits.AppendBits(bchCode, 10);

            BitVector maskBits = new BitVector();

            maskBits.AppendBits(TYPE_INFO_MASK_PATTERN, 15);
            bits.Xor(maskBits);

            if (bits.Size() != 15)    // Just in case.
            {
                throw new WriterException("should not happen but we got: " + bits.Size());
            }
        }