/** From (A)* build
*
* |---|
* v |
* o->o-A-o--o (Transition 2 from block end points at alt 1; follow is Transition 1)
* | ^
* o---------| (optional branch is 2nd alt of optional block containing A+)
*
* Meaning that the last (end) NFAState in A points back to A's
* left side NFAState and we add 3 new NFAStates (the
* optional branch is built just like an optional subrule).
* See the Aplus() method for more on the loop back Transition.
* The new node on right edge is set to RIGHT_EDGE_OF_CLOSURE so we
* can detect nested (A*)* loops and insert an extra node. Previously,
* two blocks shared same EOB node.
*
* There are 2 or 3 decision points in a A*. If A is not a block (i.e.,
* it only has one alt), then there are two decisions: the optional bypass
* and then loopback. If A is a block of alts, then there are three
* decisions: bypass, loopback, and A's decision point.
*
* Note that the optional bypass must be outside the loop as (A|B)* is
* not the same thing as (A|B|)+.
*
* This is an accurate NFA representation of the meaning of (A)*, but
* for generating code, I don't need a DFA for the optional branch by
* virtue of how I generate code. The exit-loopback-branch decision
* is sufficient to let me make an appropriate enter, exit, loop
* determination. See codegen.g
*/
public virtual StateCluster BuildAstar( StateCluster A )
{
NFAState bypassDecisionState = NewState();
bypassDecisionState.Description = "enter loop path of ()* block";
NFAState optionalAlt = NewState();
optionalAlt.Description = "epsilon path of ()* block";
NFAState blockEndNFAState = NewState();
blockEndNFAState.decisionStateType = NFAState.RIGHT_EDGE_OF_BLOCK;
// don't reuse A.right as loopback if it's right edge of another block
if ( A.Right.decisionStateType == NFAState.RIGHT_EDGE_OF_BLOCK )
{
// nested A* so make another tail node to be the loop back
// instead of the usual A.right which is the EOB for inner loop
NFAState extraRightEdge = NewState();
TransitionBetweenStates( A.Right, extraRightEdge, Label.EPSILON );
A.Right = extraRightEdge;
}
// convert A's end block to loopback
A.Right.Description = "()* loopback";
// Transition 1 to actual block of stuff
TransitionBetweenStates( bypassDecisionState, A.Left, Label.EPSILON );
// Transition 2 optional to bypass
TransitionBetweenStates( bypassDecisionState, optionalAlt, Label.EPSILON );
TransitionBetweenStates( optionalAlt, blockEndNFAState, Label.EPSILON );
// Transition 1 of end block exits
TransitionBetweenStates( A.Right, blockEndNFAState, Label.EPSILON );
// Transition 2 of end block loops
TransitionBetweenStates( A.Right, A.Left, Label.EPSILON );
bypassDecisionState.decisionStateType = NFAState.BYPASS;
A.Left.decisionStateType = NFAState.BLOCK_START;
A.Right.decisionStateType = NFAState.LOOPBACK;
// set EOB markers for Jean
A.Left.endOfBlockStateNumber = A.Right.StateNumber;
bypassDecisionState.endOfBlockStateNumber = blockEndNFAState.StateNumber;
StateCluster g = new StateCluster( bypassDecisionState, blockEndNFAState );
return g;
}
private StateCluster HandleEbnfBlock(GrammarAST blk, StateCluster g)
{
// track decision if > 1 alts
if (grammar.GetNumberOfAltsForDecisionNFA(g.Left) > 1)
{
g.Left.Description = grammar.GrammarTreeToString(blk, false);
g.Left.SetDecisionASTNode(blk);
int d = grammar.AssignDecisionNumber(g.Left);
grammar.SetDecisionNFA(d, g.Left);
grammar.SetDecisionBlockAST(d, blk);
}
return g;
}
/** From (A)+ build
*
* |---| (Transition 2 from A.right points at alt 1)
* v | (follow of loop is Transition 1)
* o->o-A-o->o
*
* Meaning that the last NFAState in A points back to A's left Transition NFAState
* and we add a new begin/end NFAState. A can be single alternative or
* multiple.
*
* During analysis we'll call the follow link (transition 1) alt n+1 for
* an n-alt A block.
*/
public virtual StateCluster BuildAplus( StateCluster A )
{
NFAState left = NewState();
NFAState blockEndNFAState = NewState();
blockEndNFAState.decisionStateType = NFAState.RIGHT_EDGE_OF_BLOCK;
// don't reuse A.right as loopback if it's right edge of another block
if ( A.Right.decisionStateType == NFAState.RIGHT_EDGE_OF_BLOCK )
{
// nested A* so make another tail node to be the loop back
// instead of the usual A.right which is the EOB for inner loop
NFAState extraRightEdge = NewState();
TransitionBetweenStates( A.Right, extraRightEdge, Label.EPSILON );
A.Right = extraRightEdge;
}
TransitionBetweenStates( A.Right, blockEndNFAState, Label.EPSILON ); // follow is Transition 1
// turn A's block end into a loopback (acts like alt 2)
TransitionBetweenStates( A.Right, A.Left, Label.EPSILON ); // loop back Transition 2
TransitionBetweenStates( left, A.Left, Label.EPSILON );
A.Right.decisionStateType = NFAState.LOOPBACK;
A.Left.decisionStateType = NFAState.BLOCK_START;
// set EOB markers for Jean
A.Left.endOfBlockStateNumber = A.Right.StateNumber;
StateCluster g = new StateCluster( left, blockEndNFAState );
return g;
}
/** Build an atom with all possible values in its label */
public virtual StateCluster BuildWildcard( GrammarAST associatedAST )
{
NFAState left = NewState();
NFAState right = NewState();
left.associatedASTNode = associatedAST;
right.associatedASTNode = associatedAST;
Label label = new Label(IntervalSet.Of( _nfa.Grammar.TokenTypes )); // char or tokens
Transition e = new Transition( label, right );
left.AddTransition( e );
StateCluster g = new StateCluster( left, right );
return g;
}
/** Can only complement block of simple alts; can complement build_Set()
* result, that is. Get set and complement, replace old with complement.
*/
public StateCluster BuildAlternativeBlockComplement( StateCluster blk )
{
State s0 = blk.left;
IIntSet set = getCollapsedBlockAsSet( s0 );
if ( set != null )
{
// if set is available, then structure known and blk is a set
set = nfa.grammar.complement( set );
Label label = s0.getTransition( 0 ).target.getTransition( 0 ).label;
label.Set = set;
}
return blk;
}
public virtual StateCluster BuildRange( int a, int b )
{
NFAState left = NewState();
NFAState right = NewState();
Label label = new Label( IntervalSet.Of( a, b ) );
Transition e = new Transition( label, right );
left.AddTransition( e );
StateCluster g = new StateCluster( left, right );
return g;
}
/** Build what amounts to an epsilon transition with a semantic
* predicate action. The pred is a pointer into the AST of
* the SEMPRED token.
*/
public virtual StateCluster BuildSemanticPredicate( GrammarAST pred )
{
// don't count syn preds
if ( !pred.Text.StartsWith( Grammar.SynpredRulePrefix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase ) )
{
_nfa.Grammar.numberOfSemanticPredicates++;
}
NFAState left = NewState();
NFAState right = NewState();
Transition e = new Transition( new PredicateLabel( pred ), right );
left.AddTransition( e );
StateCluster g = new StateCluster( left, right );
return g;
}
private void HandleSetElementSet(IIntSet elements, StateCluster g)
{
Transition setTrans = g.Left.GetTransition(0);
elements.AddAll(setTrans.Label.Set);
}
private StateCluster HandleTreeAfterLastElement(GrammarAST start, StateCluster g, GrammarAST lastElementStart, StateCluster down)
{
StateCluster up = factory.BuildAtom(Label.UP, lastElementStart);
//el.followingNFAState = up.Right;
g = factory.BuildAB(g, up);
// tree roots point at right edge of DOWN for LOOK computation later
start.NFATreeDownState = down.Left;
return g;
}
private void HandleNotAtomEnd(GrammarAST notNode, StateCluster g)
{
notNode.followingNFAState = g.Right;
}
private void HandleRule(GrammarAST start, StateCluster g, GrammarAST blockStart, GrammarAST id)
{
if (blockStart.SetValue != null)
{
// if block comes back as a set not BLOCK, make it
// a single ALT block
g = factory.BuildAlternativeBlockFromSet(g);
}
if (Rule.GetRuleType(currentRuleName) == RuleType.Parser || grammar.type == GrammarType.Lexer)
{
// attach start node to block for this rule
Rule thisR = grammar.GetLocallyDefinedRule(currentRuleName);
NFAState start2 = thisR.StartState;
start2.associatedASTNode = id;
start2.AddTransition(new Transition(Label.EPSILON, g.Left));
// track decision if > 1 alts
if (grammar.GetNumberOfAltsForDecisionNFA(g.Left) > 1)
{
g.Left.Description = grammar.GrammarTreeToString(start, false);
g.Left.SetDecisionASTNode(blockStart);
int d = grammar.AssignDecisionNumber(g.Left);
grammar.SetDecisionNFA(d, g.Left);
grammar.SetDecisionBlockAST(d, blockStart);
}
// hook to end of rule node
NFAState end = thisR.StopState;
g.Right.AddTransition(new Transition(Label.EPSILON, end));
}
}
private StateCluster HandleEbnfSet(StateCluster g)
{
return g;
}
private StateCluster HandleEbnfPositiveClosureBlock(GrammarAST start, GrammarAST blk, StateCluster bg)
{
GrammarAST eob = blk.LastChild;
if (blk.SetValue != null)
{
bg = factory.BuildAlternativeBlockFromSet(bg);
}
StateCluster g = factory.BuildAplus(bg);
// don't make a decision on left edge, can reuse loop end decision
// track the loop back / exit decision point
bg.Right.Description = "()+ loopback of " + grammar.GrammarTreeToString(start, false);
int d = grammar.AssignDecisionNumber(bg.Right);
grammar.SetDecisionNFA(d, bg.Right);
grammar.SetDecisionBlockAST(d, blk);
bg.Right.SetDecisionASTNode(eob);
// make block entry state also have same decision for interpreting grammar
NFAState altBlockState = (NFAState)g.Left.GetTransition(0).Target;
altBlockState.SetDecisionASTNode(start);
altBlockState.DecisionNumber = d;
return g;
}
private StateCluster HandleEbnfOptionalBlock(GrammarAST start, GrammarAST blk, StateCluster bg)
{
if (blk.SetValue != null)
{
// if block comes back SET not BLOCK, make it
// a single ALT block
bg = factory.BuildAlternativeBlockFromSet(bg);
}
StateCluster g = factory.BuildAoptional(bg);
g.Left.Description = grammar.GrammarTreeToString(start, false);
// there is always at least one alt even if block has just 1 alt
int d = grammar.AssignDecisionNumber(g.Left);
grammar.SetDecisionNFA(d, g.Left);
grammar.SetDecisionBlockAST(d, blk);
g.Left.SetDecisionASTNode(start);
return g;
}
/** From label A build Graph o-A->o */
public virtual StateCluster BuildAtom( int label, GrammarAST associatedAST )
{
NFAState left = NewState();
NFAState right = NewState();
left.associatedASTNode = associatedAST;
right.associatedASTNode = associatedAST;
TransitionBetweenStates( left, right, label );
StateCluster g = new StateCluster( left, right );
return g;
}
private StateCluster HandleTreeElement(StateCluster g, StateCluster element)
{
return factory.BuildAB(g, element);
}
/** From an empty alternative build StateCluster o-e->o */
public virtual StateCluster BuildEpsilon()
{
NFAState left = NewState();
NFAState right = NewState();
TransitionBetweenStates( left, right, Label.EPSILON );
StateCluster g = new StateCluster( left, right );
return g;
}
private StateCluster HandleTreeFirstElement(GrammarAST firstElementStart, StateCluster element, out StateCluster down)
{
down = factory.BuildAtom(Label.DOWN, firstElementStart);
// TODO set following states for imaginary nodes?
//el.followingNFAState = down.Right;
return factory.BuildAB(element, down);
}
/** For reference to rule r, build
*
* o-e->(r) o
*
* where (r) is the start of rule r and the trailing o is not linked
* to from rule ref state directly (it's done thru the transition(0)
* RuleClosureTransition.
*
* If the rule r is just a list of tokens, it's block will be just
* a set on an edge o->o->o-set->o->o->o, could inline it rather than doing
* the rule reference, but i'm not doing this yet as I'm not sure
* it would help much in the NFA->DFA construction.
*
* TODO add to codegen: collapse alt blks that are sets into single matchSet
*/
public virtual StateCluster BuildRuleRef( Rule refDef, NFAState ruleStart )
{
//System.Console.Out.WriteLine( "building ref to rule " + nfa.grammar.name + "." + refDef.name );
NFAState left = NewState();
//left.Description = "ref to " + ruleStart.Description;
NFAState right = NewState();
//right.Description = "NFAState following ref to " + ruleStart.Description;
Transition e = new RuleClosureTransition( refDef, ruleStart, right );
left.AddTransition( e );
StateCluster g = new StateCluster( left, right );
return g;
}
/** From A|B|..|Z alternative block build
*
* o->o-A->o->o (last NFAState is blockEndNFAState pointed to by all alts)
* | ^
* o->o-B->o--|
* | |
* ... |
* | |
* o->o-Z->o--|
*
* So every alternative gets begin NFAState connected by epsilon
* and every alt right side points at a block end NFAState. There is a
* new NFAState in the NFAState in the StateCluster for each alt plus one for the
* end NFAState.
*
* Special case: only one alternative: don't make a block with alt
* begin/end.
*
* Special case: if just a list of tokens/chars/sets, then collapse
* to a single edge'd o-set->o graph.
*
* Set alt number (1..n) in the left-Transition NFAState.
*/
public virtual StateCluster BuildAlternativeBlock( ICollection<StateCluster> alternativeStateClusters )
{
StateCluster result = null;
if ( alternativeStateClusters == null || alternativeStateClusters.Count == 0 )
{
return null;
}
// single alt case
if ( alternativeStateClusters.Count == 1 )
{
// single alt, no decision, just return only alt state cluster
StateCluster g = alternativeStateClusters.First();
NFAState startOfAlt = NewState(); // must have this no matter what
TransitionBetweenStates( startOfAlt, g.Left, Label.EPSILON );
//System.Console.Out.WriteLine( "### opt saved start/stop end in (...)" );
return new StateCluster( startOfAlt, g.Right );
}
// even if we can collapse for lookahead purposes, we will still
// need to predict the alts of this subrule in case there are actions
// etc... This is the decision that is pointed to from the AST node
// (always)
NFAState prevAlternative = null; // tracks prev so we can link to next alt
NFAState firstAlt = null;
NFAState blockEndNFAState = NewState();
blockEndNFAState.Description = "end block";
int altNum = 1;
foreach ( StateCluster g in alternativeStateClusters )
{
// add begin NFAState for this alt connected by epsilon
NFAState left = NewState();
left.Description = "alt " + altNum + " of ()";
TransitionBetweenStates( left, g.Left, Label.EPSILON );
TransitionBetweenStates( g.Right, blockEndNFAState, Label.EPSILON );
// Are we the first alternative?
if ( firstAlt == null )
{
firstAlt = left; // track extreme left node of StateCluster
}
else
{
// if not first alternative, must link to this alt from previous
TransitionBetweenStates( prevAlternative, left, Label.EPSILON );
}
prevAlternative = left;
altNum++;
}
// return StateCluster pointing representing entire block
// Points to first alt NFAState on left, block end on right
result = new StateCluster( firstAlt, blockEndNFAState );
firstAlt.decisionStateType = NFAState.BLOCK_START;
// set EOB markers for Jean
firstAlt.endOfBlockStateNumber = blockEndNFAState.StateNumber;
return result;
}
/** From set build single edge graph o->o-set->o. To conform to
* what an alt block looks like, must have extra state on left.
*/
public virtual StateCluster BuildSet( IIntSet set, GrammarAST associatedAST )
{
NFAState left = NewState();
NFAState right = NewState();
left.associatedASTNode = associatedAST;
right.associatedASTNode = associatedAST;
Label label = new Label( set );
Transition e = new Transition( label, right );
left.AddTransition( e );
StateCluster g = new StateCluster( left, right );
return g;
}
/** From a set ('a'|'b') build
*
* o->o-'a'..'b'->o->o (last NFAState is blockEndNFAState pointed to by all alts)
*/
public virtual StateCluster BuildAlternativeBlockFromSet( StateCluster set )
{
if ( set == null )
{
return null;
}
// single alt, no decision, just return only alt state cluster
NFAState startOfAlt = NewState(); // must have this no matter what
TransitionBetweenStates( startOfAlt, set.Left, Label.EPSILON );
return new StateCluster( startOfAlt, set.Right );
}
/** Optimize an alternative (list of grammar elements).
*
* Walk the chain of elements (which can be complicated loop blocks...)
* and throw away any epsilon transitions used to link up simple elements.
*
* This only removes 195 states from the java.g's NFA, but every little
* bit helps. Perhaps I can improve in the future.
*/
public virtual void OptimizeAlternative( StateCluster alt )
{
NFAState s = alt.Left;
while ( s != alt.Right )
{
// if it's a block element, jump over it and continue
if ( s.endOfBlockStateNumber != State.INVALID_STATE_NUMBER )
{
s = _nfa.GetState( s.endOfBlockStateNumber );
continue;
}
Transition t = s.transition[0];
if ( t is RuleClosureTransition )
{
s = ( (RuleClosureTransition)t ).FollowState;
continue;
}
if ( t.Label.IsEpsilon && !t.Label.IsAction && s.NumberOfTransitions == 1 )
{
// bypass epsilon transition and point to what the epsilon's
// target points to unless that epsilon transition points to
// a block or loop etc.. Also don't collapse epsilons that
// point at the last node of the alt. Don't collapse action edges
NFAState epsilonTarget = (NFAState)t.Target;
if ( epsilonTarget.endOfBlockStateNumber == State.INVALID_STATE_NUMBER &&
epsilonTarget.transition[0] != null )
{
s.SetTransition0( epsilonTarget.transition[0] );
//System.Console.Out.WriteLine( "### opt " + s.stateNumber + "->" + epsilonTarget.transition[0].target.stateNumber );
}
}
s = (NFAState)t.Target;
}
}
/** From (A)? build either:
*
* o--A->o
* | ^
* o---->|
*
* or, if A is a block, just add an empty alt to the end of the block
*/
public virtual StateCluster BuildAoptional( StateCluster A )
{
StateCluster g = null;
int n = _nfa.Grammar.GetNumberOfAltsForDecisionNFA( A.Left );
if ( n == 1 )
{
// no decision, just wrap in an optional path
//NFAState decisionState = newState();
NFAState decisionState = A.Left; // resuse left edge
decisionState.Description = "only alt of ()? block";
NFAState emptyAlt = NewState();
emptyAlt.Description = "epsilon path of ()? block";
NFAState blockEndNFAState = null;
blockEndNFAState = NewState();
TransitionBetweenStates( A.Right, blockEndNFAState, Label.EPSILON );
blockEndNFAState.Description = "end ()? block";
//transitionBetweenStates(decisionState, A.left, Label.EPSILON);
TransitionBetweenStates( decisionState, emptyAlt, Label.EPSILON );
TransitionBetweenStates( emptyAlt, blockEndNFAState, Label.EPSILON );
// set EOB markers for Jean
decisionState.endOfBlockStateNumber = blockEndNFAState.StateNumber;
blockEndNFAState.decisionStateType = NFAState.RIGHT_EDGE_OF_BLOCK;
g = new StateCluster( decisionState, blockEndNFAState );
}
else
{
// a decision block, add an empty alt
NFAState lastRealAlt =
_nfa.Grammar.GetNFAStateForAltOfDecision( A.Left, n );
NFAState emptyAlt = NewState();
emptyAlt.Description = "epsilon path of ()? block";
TransitionBetweenStates( lastRealAlt, emptyAlt, Label.EPSILON );
TransitionBetweenStates( emptyAlt, A.Right, Label.EPSILON );
// set EOB markers for Jean (I think this is redundant here)
A.Left.endOfBlockStateNumber = A.Right.StateNumber;
A.Right.decisionStateType = NFAState.RIGHT_EDGE_OF_BLOCK;
g = A; // return same block, but now with optional last path
}
g.Left.decisionStateType = NFAState.OPTIONAL_BLOCK_START;
return g;
}
/** From A B build A-e->B (that is, build an epsilon arc from right
* of A to left of B).
*
* As a convenience, return B if A is null or return A if B is null.
*/
public virtual StateCluster BuildAB( StateCluster A, StateCluster B )
{
if ( A == null )
{
return B;
}
if ( B == null )
{
return A;
}
TransitionBetweenStates( A.Right, B.Left, Label.EPSILON );
StateCluster g = new StateCluster( A.Left, B.Right );
return g;
}
private StateCluster HandleAlternativeEnd(StateCluster g)
{
if (g == null)
{
// if alt was a list of actions or whatever
g = factory.BuildEpsilon();
}
else
{
factory.OptimizeAlternative(g);
}
return g;
}
