static void Main(string[] args)
{
IGameBoard board = ...;
IConsoleView view = ...;
//Game Loop
while (!board.IsFinished)
{
//Print Board
Console.WriteLine(view.BoardToString(board));
//Print Possible Moves
Console.WriteLine("Possible moves:");
IEnumerable <IGameMove> possibleMoves = board.GetPossibleMoves();
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(",", possibleMoves.Select(view.MoveToString)));
//Print the current player and input their move.
Console.WriteLine("It is {0}’s turn.", view.PlayerToString(board.CurrentPlayer));
Console.WriteLine("Enter a move: ");
string input = Console.ReadLine();
// Parse move and check if it's possible/valid
IGameMove toApply = view.ParseMove(input);
IGameMove foundMove = possibleMoves.FirstOrDefault(toApply.Equals);
if (foundMove == null)
{
Console.WriteLine("Sorry, that move is invalid.");
}
else
{
board.ApplyMove(foundMove);
}
}
}
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, long alpha, long beta, int depthLeft)
{
if (depthLeft == 0 || b.IsFinished)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = b.BoardWeight,
Move = null
});
}
bool isMaximizing;
long bestWeight;
if (b.CurrentPlayer == 2)
{
isMaximizing = false;
bestWeight = beta;
}
else
{
isMaximizing = true;
bestWeight = alpha;
}
IGameMove bestMove = null;
var possible_moves = b.GetPossibleMoves();
foreach (var move in possible_moves)
{
b.ApplyMove(move);
var w = FindBestMove(b, alpha, beta, depthLeft - 1).Weight;
b.UndoLastMove();
if (isMaximizing == true && w > bestWeight)
{
bestWeight = w;
bestMove = move;
//want the maximum
alpha = Math.Max(alpha, w);
}
else if (isMaximizing == false && w < bestWeight)
{
bestWeight = w;
bestMove = move;
//want the minimumz
beta = Math.Min(beta, w);
}
if (alpha >= beta)
{
break;
}
}
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = bestWeight,
Move = bestMove
});
}
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard board, long alpha, long beta, int depthLeft, bool isMaximizing)
{
if (depthLeft == 0 || board.IsFinished)
{
return new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = board.BoardWeight, Move = null
}
}
;
IGameMove bestMove = null;
foreach (var move in board.GetPossibleMoves())
{
board.ApplyMove(move);
var w = FindBestMove(board, alpha, beta, depthLeft - 1, !isMaximizing);
board.UndoLastMove();
if (isMaximizing && w.Weight > alpha)
{
bestMove = move;
alpha = w.Weight;
if (beta <= alpha)
{
return new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = beta, Move = bestMove
}
}
;
}
else if (!isMaximizing && w.Weight < beta)
{
bestMove = move;
beta = w.Weight;
if (beta <= alpha)
{
return new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = alpha, Move = bestMove
}
}
;
}
}
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = isMaximizing ? alpha : beta, Move = bestMove
});
}
}
}
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, int depthLeft, bool maximize, int alpha, int beta)
{
// Implement the minimax algorithm.
// Your first attempt will not use alpha-beta pruning. Once that works,
// implement the pruning as discussed in the project notes.
if (depthLeft == 0 || b.IsFinished)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove {
Weight = b.Weight,
Move = null
});
}
int bestWeight = maximize ? Int32.MinValue : Int32.MaxValue;
IGameMove bestMove = null;
foreach (var move in b.GetPossibleMoves())
{
b.ApplyMove(move);
int weight = FindBestMove(b, depthLeft - 1, !maximize, alpha, beta).Weight;
b.UndoLastMove();
if (maximize && weight > alpha)
{
alpha = weight;
}
else if (!maximize && weight < beta)
{
beta = weight;
}
if (!(alpha < beta))
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove {
Weight = maximize ? beta : alpha,
Move = bestMove
});
}
if (maximize && weight > bestWeight)
{
bestWeight = weight;
bestMove = move;
}
else if (!maximize && weight < bestWeight)
{
bestWeight = weight;
bestMove = move;
}
}
return(new MinimaxBestMove {
Weight = bestWeight,
Move = bestMove
});
}
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, long alpha, long beta, int depthLeft, bool isMaximizing)
{
//long bestWeight;
if (depthLeft == 0 || b.IsFinished)
{
return new MinimaxBestMove
{
Weight = b.BoardWeight,
Move = null
}
}
;
//bestWeight = (b.CurrentPlayer == 1) ? long.MinValue : long.MaxValue;
IGameMove bestMove = null;
var possibleMoves = b.GetPossibleMoves();
foreach (IGameMove m in possibleMoves)
{
b.ApplyMove(m);
long weight = (FindBestMove(b, alpha, beta, depthLeft - 1, !isMaximizing)).Weight;
b.UndoLastMove();
if (isMaximizing && weight > alpha)
{
alpha = weight;
bestMove = m;
}
else if (!isMaximizing && weight < beta)
{
beta = weight;
bestMove = m;
}
if (alpha >= beta)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove
{
Weight = (isMaximizing) ? beta : alpha,
Move = bestMove
});
}
}
return(new MinimaxBestMove
{
Weight = (isMaximizing) ? alpha : beta,
Move = bestMove
});
}
}
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, long alpha, long beta, long depthLeft)
{
if (depthLeft == 0 || b.IsFinished)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove
{
Move = null,
Weight = b.BoardWeight
});
}
var iAlpha = alpha;
var iBeta = beta;
bool isMaximizing = b.CurrentPlayer == 1;
IGameMove bestMove = null;
foreach (var move in b.GetPossibleMoves())
{
if (!(iAlpha < iBeta))
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove
{
Weight = isMaximizing ? iBeta : iAlpha,
Move = bestMove
});
}
b.ApplyMove(move);
var w = FindBestMove(b, iAlpha, iBeta, depthLeft - 1).Weight;
b.UndoLastMove();
if (isMaximizing)
{
if (w > iAlpha)
{
iAlpha = w;
bestMove = move;
}
}
else
{
if (w < iBeta)
{
iBeta = w;
bestMove = move;
}
}
}
return(new MinimaxBestMove
{
Weight = isMaximizing ? iAlpha : iBeta,
Move = bestMove
});
}
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, long alpha, long beta, int depthLeft)
{
if (depthLeft == 0 || b.IsFinished == true)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = b.BoardWeight,
Move = null
});
}
else
{
MinimaxBestMove move = new MinimaxBestMove();
move.Move = null;
if (b.CurrentPlayer == 1)
{
move.Weight = long.MinValue;
}
else if (b.CurrentPlayer == 2)
{
move.Weight = long.MaxValue;
}
foreach (var m in b.GetPossibleMoves())
{
b.ApplyMove(m);
long w = FindBestMove(b, alpha, beta, depthLeft - 1).Weight;
b.UndoLastMove();
if ((b.CurrentPlayer == 1) && w > alpha)
{
move.Weight = w;
move.Move = m;
alpha = w;
}
else if ((b.CurrentPlayer == 2) && w < beta)
{
move.Weight = w;
move.Move = m;
beta = w;
}
if (!(alpha < beta))
{
return(move);
}
}
return(move);
}
}
//private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, int alpha, int beta, int depthLeft, bool maximize) {
//private static Tuple<long, IGameMove> FindBestMove(IGameBoard board, int depth, bool isMaximizing, int alpha, int beta)
// alpha = MAXIMUM Lower bound of possible solutions
// beta = MINIMUM upper bound of possible solutions
//private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard board, int depth, bool isMaximizing, int alpha, int beta)
//{
// if (depth == 0 | board.IsFinished)
// return new MinimaxBestMove {
// Weight = (int)board.BoardWeight,
// Move = null
// };
// long bestWeight = (isMaximizing) ? Int64.MinValue : Int64.MaxValue;
// IGameMove bestMove = null;
// foreach (var possibleMove in board.GetPossibleMoves()) {
// board.ApplyMove(possibleMove);
// var nextBestMove = FindBestMove(board, depth - 1, !isMaximizing, alpha, beta);
// board.UndoLastMove();
// // If maximizing the AI's own advantage
// if (isMaximizing) {
// // if found the nextMove's weight to be higher than the last found (beta)
// // replace it with that.
// if (nextBestMove.Weight >= beta) {
// bestWeight = nextBestMove.Weight;
// bestMove = possibleMove;
// }
// // if the weight is less than alpha, keep searching
// if (nextBestMove.Weight <= alpha) continue;
// bestMove = possibleMove;
// alpha = nextBestMove.Weight;
// }
// else { // Minimizing the enemy "human"'s advantage
// // if human player's weight for that square is less than or equal to
// // "alpha" or a calculated/pulled weight or the lowest advantage possible
// if (nextBestMove.Weight <= alpha) {
// // return that value.
// bestWeight = nextBestMove.Weight;
// bestMove = possibleMove;
// }
// // else keep going down the tree
// if (nextBestMove.Weight >= beta) continue;
// bestMove = possibleMove;
// beta = nextBestMove.Weight;
// }
// }
// // when done, this is the result.
// return new MinimaxBestMove {
// Weight = (int)bestWeight,
// Move = bestMove
// };
//}
// -- Old AI, non alpha/beta --
// private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard board, int depth, bool isMaximizing, int alpha, int beta) {
// if (depth == 0 || board.IsFinished)
// return new MinimaxBestMove {
// Weight = board.BoardWeight,
// Move = null
// };
// long bestWeight = (isMaximizing) ? Int64.MinValue : Int64.MaxValue;
// IGameMove bestMove = null;
// foreach (IGameMove possMove in board.GetPossibleMoves()) {
// board.ApplyMove(possMove);
// MinimaxBestMove w = FindBestMove(board, depth - 1, !isMaximizing, alpha, beta);
// board.UndoLastMove();
// // if maximized and weight is greater than best weight
// // or not maximized and weight is less than best weight
// if (isMaximizing && w.Weight > bestWeight || !isMaximizing && w.Weight < bestWeight) {
// bestWeight = w.Weight;
// bestMove = possMove;
// }
// }
// return new MinimaxBestMove {
// Weight = bestWeight,
// Move = bestMove
// };
// }
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard board, int depth, bool isMaximizing, long alpha, long beta)
{
if (depth == 0 || board.IsFinished)
{
return new MinimaxBestMove {
Weight = board.BoardWeight,
Move = null
}
}
;
long bestWeight = (isMaximizing) ? Int64.MinValue : Int64.MaxValue;
IGameMove bestMove = null;
foreach (var move in board.GetPossibleMoves())
{
board.ApplyMove(move);
var w = FindBestMove(board, depth - 1, !isMaximizing, alpha, beta);
board.UndoLastMove();
if (isMaximizing && w.Weight > alpha)
{
alpha = w.Weight;
bestMove = move;
}
else if (!isMaximizing && w.Weight < beta)
{
beta = w.Weight;
bestMove = move;
}
if (alpha >= beta)
{
long opponentsWeight = (isMaximizing) ? beta : alpha;
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Move = move,
Weight = opponentsWeight
});
}
}
long myWeight = (isMaximizing) ? alpha : beta;
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Move = bestMove,
Weight = myWeight
});
}
}
//private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, int depthLeft, bool maximize) {
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, int depthLeft, bool maximize, int alpha, int beta)
{
// Implement the minimax algorithm.
// Your first attempt will not use alpha-beta pruning. Once that works,
// implement the pruning as discussed in the project notes.
// maximize = player 1
// !maximize = player 2
if (depthLeft == 0 || b.IsFinished)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = b.Weight,
Move = null
});
}
//int bestWeight = maximize ? int.MinValue : int.MaxValue;
IGameMove bestMove = null;
foreach (var m in b.GetPossibleMoves())
{
b.ApplyMove(m);
MinimaxBestMove w = FindBestMove(b, depthLeft - 1, !maximize, alpha, beta);
b.UndoLastMove();
if (maximize && w.Weight > alpha)
{
alpha = w.Weight;
bestMove = m;
}
else if (!maximize && w.Weight < beta)
{
beta = w.Weight;
bestMove = m;
}
if (alpha >= beta)
{
break;
}
}
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = maximize ? alpha : beta,
Move = bestMove
});
}
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, long alpha, long beta, int depthLeft)
{
if (depthLeft == 0 || b.IsFinished)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Move = null,
Weight = b.BoardWeight
});
}
bool isMaximizing = (b.CurrentPlayer == 1) ? true : false;
//long bestWeight = (isMaximizing) ? long.MinValue : long.MaxValue;
IGameMove bestMove = null;
foreach (var move in b.GetPossibleMoves())
{
b.ApplyMove(move);
var w = FindBestMove(b, alpha, beta, depthLeft - 1);
b.UndoLastMove();
if (isMaximizing && w.Weight > alpha)
{
alpha = w.Weight;
bestMove = move;
}
else if (!isMaximizing && w.Weight < beta)
{
beta = w.Weight;
bestMove = move;
}
if (alpha >= beta)
{
long opponentsWeight = (isMaximizing) ? beta : alpha;
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Move = move,
Weight = opponentsWeight
});
}
}
long myWeight = (isMaximizing) ? alpha : beta;
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Move = bestMove,
Weight = myWeight
});
}
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, long alpha, long beta, int depth, bool isMaximizing)
{
if (depth == 0 || b.IsFinished)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove {
Weight = b.BoardWeight,
Move = null
});
}
long bestWeight = isMaximizing ? alpha : beta;
IGameMove bestMove = null;
foreach (IGameMove possibleMove in b.GetPossibleMoves())
{
b.ApplyMove(possibleMove);
long w = FindBestMove(b, alpha, beta, depth - 1, !isMaximizing).Weight;
b.UndoLastMove();
if (isMaximizing && w > alpha)
{
alpha = Math.Max(alpha, w);
bestWeight = w;
bestMove = possibleMove;
}
else if (!isMaximizing && w < beta)
{
beta = Math.Min(beta, w);
bestWeight = w;
bestMove = possibleMove;
}
if (alpha >= beta)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove
{
Weight = bestWeight,
Move = bestMove
});
}
}
return(new MinimaxBestMove {
Weight = bestWeight,
Move = bestMove
});
}
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, long alpha, long beta, int depthLeft, bool isMaximizing)
{
if (depthLeft == 0 || b.IsFinished)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove {
Weight = b.BoardWeight,
Move = null
});
}
IGameMove bestMove = null;
var possMoves = b.GetPossibleMoves();
foreach (IGameMove move in possMoves)
{
b.ApplyMove(move);
long w = FindBestMove(b, alpha, beta, depthLeft - 1, !isMaximizing).Weight;
b.UndoLastMove();
if (isMaximizing && w > alpha)
{
alpha = w;
bestMove = move;
}
else if (!isMaximizing && w < beta)
{
beta = w;
bestMove = move;
}
if (alpha >= beta)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove {
Weight = (isMaximizing) ? beta : alpha,
Move = bestMove
});
}
}
return(new MinimaxBestMove {
Weight = (isMaximizing) ? alpha : beta,
Move = bestMove
});
}
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, int depthLeft, bool maximize, int alpha, int beta)
{
// Implement the minimax algorithm.
// Your first attempt will not use alpha-beta pruning. Once that works,
// implement the pruning as discussed in the project notes.
if (depthLeft == 0 || b.IsFinished)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove {
Move = null,
Weight = b.Weight
});
}
IGameMove bestMove = null;
foreach (var possibleMove in b.GetPossibleMoves())
{
b.ApplyMove(possibleMove);
var nextBestMove = FindBestMove(b, depthLeft - 1, !maximize, alpha, beta);
b.UndoLastMove();
if (maximize)
{
// i.e. alpha became > beta, so return this
if (nextBestMove.Weight >= beta)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove {
Weight = beta,
Move = possibleMove
});
}
if (nextBestMove.Weight <= alpha)
{
continue;
}
bestMove = possibleMove;
alpha = nextBestMove.Weight;
}
else
{
// i.e. beta became < alpha, so return this
if (nextBestMove.Weight <= alpha)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove {
Weight = alpha,
Move = possibleMove
});
}
if (nextBestMove.Weight >= beta)
{
continue;
}
bestMove = possibleMove;
beta = nextBestMove.Weight;
}
}
return(new MinimaxBestMove {
Move = bestMove,
Weight = maximize ? alpha : beta
});
}
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, int depthLeft, bool maximize, int alpha, int beta)
{
// Implement the minimax algorithm.
// Your first attempt will not use alpha-beta pruning. Once that works,
// implement the pruning as discussed in the project notes.
if (depthLeft == 0 || b.IsFinished)
{
return new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = b.Weight,
Move = null
}
}
;
IGameMove bestMove = null;
foreach (var move in b.GetPossibleMoves())
{
b.ApplyMove(move);
var w = FindBestMove(b, depthLeft - 1, !maximize, alpha, beta).Weight;
b.UndoLastMove();
if (b.CurrentPlayer == 1 && w > alpha)
{
alpha = w;
bestMove = move;
}
else if (b.CurrentPlayer == 2 && w < beta)
{
beta = w;
bestMove = move;
}
if (alpha >= beta)
{
if (b.CurrentPlayer == 1)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = beta,
Move = bestMove
});
}
else
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = alpha,
Move = bestMove
});
}
}
}
if (b.CurrentPlayer == 1)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = alpha,
Move = bestMove
});
}
else
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = beta,
Move = bestMove
});
}
}
}
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, int depthLeft, bool isMaximizing, long alpha, long beta)
{
if (depthLeft == 0 || b.IsFinished)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = b.BoardWeight,
Move = null
});
}
//long bestWeight = isMaximizing ? long.MinValue : long.MaxValue;
//long local_alpha = int.MinValue;
//long local_beta = int.MaxValue;
//alpha = long.MinValue;
//beta = long.MaxValue;
IGameMove bestMove = null;
foreach (IGameMove move in b.GetPossibleMoves())
{
b.ApplyMove(move);
MinimaxBestMove w = FindBestMove(b, depthLeft - 1, !isMaximizing, alpha, beta);
b.UndoLastMove();
if (isMaximizing && w.Weight > alpha)
{
//bestWeight = w.Weight;
bestMove = move;
alpha = w.Weight;
//local_alpha = w.Weight;
}
else if (!isMaximizing && w.Weight < beta)
{
//bestWeight = w.Weight;
bestMove = move;
beta = w.Weight;
//local_beta = w.Weight;
}
if (!(alpha < beta))
{
if (isMaximizing)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = beta,
Move = bestMove
});
}
else
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
Weight = alpha,
Move = bestMove
});
}
}
}
/*
* return new MinimaxBestMove()
* {
* Weight = bestWeight,
* Move = bestMove
* };
*/
if (isMaximizing)
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
//Weight = local_alpha,
Weight = alpha,
Move = bestMove
});
}
else
{
return(new MinimaxBestMove()
{
//Weight = local_beta,
Weight = beta,
Move = bestMove
});
}
}
private static MinimaxBestMove FindBestMove(IGameBoard b, int depthLeft, bool maximize, int alpha, int beta)
{
// Implement the minimax algorithm.
// Your first attempt will not use alpha-beta pruning. Once that works,
// implement the pruning as discussed in the project notes.
MinimaxBestMove move = new MinimaxBestMove();
//tree empty
if (depthLeft == 0 || b.IsFinished)
{
move = new MinimaxBestMove();
move.Weight = b.Weight;
move.Move = null;
return(move);
}
//initializaitons
int bestWeight = int.MaxValue;
IGameMove bestMove = null;
if (maximize)
{
bestWeight *= -1;
}
var possMoves = b.GetPossibleMoves();
foreach (var possMove in possMoves)
{
b.ApplyMove(possMove);
//return best move
MinimaxBestMove w = FindBestMove(b, depthLeft - 1, !maximize, alpha, beta);
b.UndoLastMove();
//update alpha
if (maximize && w.Weight > alpha)
{
alpha = w.Weight;
bestWeight = w.Weight;
bestMove = possMove;
//return if alpha not less than beta
if (alpha >= beta)
{
w.Weight = beta;
w.Move = bestMove;
return(w);
}
}
//update beta
else if (!maximize && w.Weight < beta)
{
beta = w.Weight;
bestWeight = w.Weight;
bestMove = possMove;
//return if alpha not less than beta
if (alpha >= beta)
{
w.Weight = alpha;
w.Move = bestMove;
return(w);
}
}
move.Weight = bestWeight;
move.Move = bestMove;
}
return(move);
}
