/**
  * Signs a PDF where space was already reserved.
  * @param reader the original PDF
  * @param fieldName the field to sign. It must be the last field
  * @param outs the output PDF
  * @param externalSignatureContainer the signature container doing the actual signing. Only the 
  * method ExternalSignatureContainer.sign is used
  * @throws DocumentException
  * @throws IOException
  * @throws GeneralSecurityException 
  */
 public static void SignDeferred(PdfReader reader, String fieldName, Stream outs, IExternalSignatureContainer externalSignatureContainer) {
     AcroFields af = reader.AcroFields;
     PdfDictionary v = af.GetSignatureDictionary(fieldName);
     if (v == null)
         throw new DocumentException("No field");
     if (!af.SignatureCoversWholeDocument(fieldName))
         throw new DocumentException("Not the last signature");
     PdfArray b = v.GetAsArray(PdfName.BYTERANGE);
     long[] gaps = b.AsLongArray();
     if (b.Size != 4 || gaps[0] != 0)
         throw new DocumentException("Single exclusion space supported");
     IRandomAccessSource readerSource = reader.SafeFile.CreateSourceView();
     Stream rg = new RASInputStream(new RandomAccessSourceFactory().CreateRanged(readerSource, gaps));
     byte[] signedContent = externalSignatureContainer.Sign(rg);
     int spaceAvailable = (int)(gaps[2] - gaps[1]) - 2;
     if ((spaceAvailable & 1) != 0)
         throw new DocumentException("Gap is not a multiple of 2");
     spaceAvailable /= 2;
     if (spaceAvailable < signedContent.Length)
         throw new DocumentException("Not enough space");
     StreamUtil.CopyBytes(readerSource, 0, gaps[1] + 1, outs);
     ByteBuffer bb = new ByteBuffer(spaceAvailable * 2);
     foreach (byte bi in signedContent) {
         bb.AppendHex(bi);
     }
     int remain = (spaceAvailable - signedContent.Length) * 2;
     for (int k = 0; k < remain; ++k) {
         bb.Append((byte)48);
     }
     bb.WriteTo(outs);
     StreamUtil.CopyBytes(readerSource, gaps[2] - 1, gaps[3] + 1, outs);
 }
 private static String ConvertToHex(byte[] bt)
 {
     ByteBuffer buf = new ByteBuffer();
     foreach (byte b in bt) {
         buf.AppendHex(b);
     }
     return PdfEncodings.ConvertToString(buf.ToByteArray(), null).ToUpperInvariant();
 }