static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// call the instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// call the static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// call an operator
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children. ");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children. ");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children. ");
WriteLine(
format: "{0}'s first child is named \"{1}\".",
arg0: harry.Name,
arg1: harry.Children[0].Name
);
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
// defining and hanlding delegates
harry.Shout = Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
},
};
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
// Use Person's IComparable implmentation to sort:
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementatjoin to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
// working with generic types
// pre C# 2.0
var t1 = new Thing();
t1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing with an integer: {t1.Process(42)}");
var t2 = new Thing();
t2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Thing with a string: {t2.Process("apple")}");
// C# 2.0
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with a string: {gt2.Process("apple")}");
// working with generic methods
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine(
format: "{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number1,
arg1: Squarer.Square <string>(number1)
);
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine(
format: "{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number2,
arg1: Squarer.Square <byte>(number2)
);
// working with struct types
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X}, {dv3.Y})");
// Inheriting from classes
Employee john = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
john.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on {john.HireDate:dd/MM/yyyy}");
WriteLine(john.ToString());
// understanding polymorphism
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee
{
Name = "Alice",
EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole(); // Employee.WriteToConsole()
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole(); // Person.WriteToConsole()
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString()); // Employee ToString()
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString()); // Employee override ToString()
Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson; // same as below
//Employee aliceAsEmployee = aliceInPerson as Employee; // same as above
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
}
// inheriting expceptions
try
{
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
// using static methods to reuse functionality
// public bool IsValidEmail(this string input)
//public static bool IsValidEmail(this string input)
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine(
format: "{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email1)
);
WriteLine(
format: "{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email2)
);
// using extension methods to reuse functionality (see LINQ for powerful uses of extensions)
//public static bool IsValidEmail(this string input)
WriteLine(
format: "{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: email1.IsValidEmail()
);
WriteLine(
format: "{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: email2.IsValidEmail()
);
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// Implementing functionality using methods and operators
// call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// call an operator
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine(
format: "{0}'s first child is named \"{1}\".",
arg0: harry.Name,
arg1: harry.Children[0].Name);
// Implementing functionality using local functions
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
// Raising and handling events
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
// Comparing objects when sorting
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
// Comparing objects using a separate class
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
// Working with generic types
var t1 = new Thing();
t1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing with an integer: {t1.Process(42)}");
var t2 = new Thing();
t2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Thing with a string: {t2.Process("apple")}");
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with a string: {gt2.Process("apple")}");
// Working with generic methods
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number1,
arg1: Squarer.Square <string>(number1));
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number2,
arg1: Squarer.Square(number2));
// Working with struct types
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X}, {dv3.Y})");
// Inheriting from classes
Employee john = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
john.WriteToConsole();
// Extending classes
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on {john.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
// Overriding members
WriteLine(john.ToString());
// Understanding polymorphism
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee
{
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
// Explicit casting
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
// safely do something with explicitAlice
}
Employee aliceAsEmployee = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (aliceAsEmployee != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} AS an Employee");
// do something with aliceInEmployee
}
// Inheriting exceptions
try
{
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
// Using static methods to reuse functionality
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email1));
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email2));
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: email1.IsValidEmail());
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: email2.IsValidEmail());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
baby1.Name = "Gary";
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine(
format: "{0}'s first child is named \"{1}\".",
arg0: harry.Name,
arg1: harry.Children[0].Name);
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($" {person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($" {person.Name}");
}
var t1 = new Thing();
t1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing with an integer: {t1.Process(42)}");
var t2 = new Thing();
t2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Thing with a string: {t2.Process("apple")}");
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with a string: {gt2.Process("apple")}");
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}", arg0: number1, arg1: Squarer.Square <string>(number1));
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}", arg0: number2, arg1: Squarer.Square <byte>(number2));
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X}, {dv3.Y})");
Employee john = new Employee {
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
john.WriteToConsole();
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on {john.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
WriteLine(john.ToString());
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee
{
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
}
Employee aliceAsEmployee = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (aliceAsEmployee != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} AS an Employee");
}
try {
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex) {
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine("{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email1));
WriteLine("{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email2));
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person("Harry");
var mary = new Person("Mary");
var jill = new Person("Jill");
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// multiply operator overloaded with the Person class:
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine(
format: "{0}'s first child is called {1}",
arg0: harry.Name,
arg1: harry.Children[0].Name
);
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
// assign the method defined in this program to the delegate field
// note: delegates are multicast so can assign multiple delegates to a single delegate field although no control as to order called
// so could have used += operator instead of just the = assignment operator (book page 189)
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
// BOOK: page 192 INTERFACES
Person[] people =
{
new Person("Simon"),
new Person("Jenny"),
new Person("Adam"),
new Person("Richard")
};
WriteLine("People unsorted: ");
foreach (var person in people)
{
Write($"{person.Name} ");
}
WriteLine();
WriteLine("People sorted - uses IComparable implementation to sort: ");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
Write($"{person.Name} ");
}
WriteLine();
WriteLine("People sorted - uses PersonComparer (implements IComparer) class sort: ");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
Write($"{person.Name} ");
}
WriteLine();
// BOOK: page 198 making types safely reusable with GENERICS
var t1 = new Thing();
t1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing with an integer: {t1.Process(42)}");
var t2 = new Thing();
t2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Thing with an string: {t2.Process("apple")}");
// on instantiating instance of generic type, must pass a type parameter
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an string: {gt2.Process("apple")}");
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number1,
arg1: Squarer.Square <string>(number1));
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number1,
arg1: Squarer.Square <byte>(number2));
var vector1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 4);
var vector2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 1);
var vector3 = vector1 + vector2;
WriteLine($"vector3: {vector3.X}, {vector3.Y}");
Employee john = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
john.WriteToConsole();
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on {john.HireDate:dd/MM/yy} with code {john.EmployeeCode}");
WriteLine(john.ToString());
WriteLine();
// BOOK: page 212 Understanding polymorphism ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// implicit casting section ****
// an instance of a derived type (Employee) can be stored in a variable of the base type (Person) - IMPLICIT CASTING
Employee aliceEmployee = new Employee {
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person alicePerson = aliceEmployee; // IMPLICIT casting
WriteLine("Understanding Polymorphism section: ");
WriteLine("alicePerson has just been assigned to aliceEmployee i.e. alicePerson = aliceEmployee");
WriteLine();
WriteLine("Now calling aliceEmployee.WriteToConsole(), then alicePerson.WriteToConsole()");
aliceEmployee.WriteToConsole(); // Employee.WriteToConsole(): Alice was born on 01/01/01 and hired on 01/01/01
alicePerson.WriteToConsole(); // Person.WriteToConsole(): Alice was born on a Monday
WriteLine("Calling aliceEmployee.ToString(): " + aliceEmployee.ToString()); // Employee.ToString(): Alice's code is AA123
WriteLine("Calling alicePerson.ToString(): " + alicePerson.ToString()); // Employee.ToString(): Alice's code is AA123
// explicit casting section - and avoiding Casting Exceptions two options: use 'is' or 'as' keywords ****
// use keyword 'is'
if (alicePerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(alicePerson)} IS an Employee - because of earlier assignment: alicePerson = aliceEmployee");
// safe to cast
Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)alicePerson;
}
Employee aliceAsEmployee = alicePerson as Employee; // keyword 'as' used to explicity cast --> need to check for null though
if (aliceAsEmployee != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(alicePerson)} AS an Employee - because of earlier assignment: Employee aliceAsEmployee = alicePerson as Employee");
}
// BOOK: page 216 Inheriting exceptions ---------------------------------------------------------------------
try
{
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
// BOOK: page 218 Extending types when you cannot inherit (sealed) ---------------------------------------------------------------------
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "test&test.com";
WriteLine("{0} is a valid email address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email1));
WriteLine("{0} is a valid email address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email2));
WriteLine("{0} is a valid email address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: email1.IsValidEmail());
WriteLine("{0} is a valid email address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: email2.IsValidEmail());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// call an operator
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name}'s first child is named \"{mary.Children[0].Name}\".");
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Juliani"
},
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Zoraide"
},
new Person {
Name = "Alan"
},
new Person {
Name = "Pedro"
},
new Person {
Name = "Beatriz"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people: ");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort: ");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
var t = new Thing();
t.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing: {t.Process("42")}");
var gt = new GenericThing <int>();
gt.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing: {gt.Process("42")}");
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine($"{number1} squared is {Squarer.Square<string>(number1)}");
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine($"{number2} squared is {Squarer.Square<byte>(number2)}");
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X},{dv3.Y})");
Employee e1 = new Employee {
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
e1.WriteToConsole();
e1.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
e1.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{e1.Name} was hired on {e1.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
WriteLine(e1.ToString());
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee {
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
Employee e2 = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
// do something with e2
}
Employee e3 = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (e3 != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} AS an Employee");
// do something with e3
}
try {
e1.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
e1.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex) {
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine($"{email1} is a valid e-mail address: {StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email1)}.");
WriteLine($"{email2} is a valid e-mail address: {StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email2)}.");
WriteLine($"{email1} is a valid e-mail address:{email1.IsValidEmail()}.");
WriteLine($"{email2} is a valid e-mail address:{email2.IsValidEmail()}.");
}
