/// <summary>
/// Removes the min element from the heap.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="keyValue">If the operation is successful, contains the minimum element in the array.</param>
/// <param name="heapArrayLength">The length of the heap array. </param>
/// <returns>True in case of success, and false otherwise</returns>
public override bool TryRemoveRoot(out KeyValuePair <TKey, TValue> keyValue, int heapArrayLength)
{
keyValue = new KeyValuePair <TKey, TValue>((TKey)typeof(TKey).GetField("MinValue").GetValue(null), default(TValue)); // T.MinValue;
/* If array is empty, returns false. */
if (heapArrayLength == 0)
{
return(false);
}
/* If array has only one element left, it is the minimum value, and clear the array after removing it.*/
if (heapArrayLength == 1)
{
keyValue = HeapArray[0];
HeapArray.Clear();;
return(true);
}
/* If array has more than 1 element, the next instructions are executed. */
keyValue = HeapArray[0]; /* In a minHeap the minimum value is always in the root, which is at index 0.*/
HeapArray[0] = HeapArray[heapArrayLength - 1]; /* Move the last element to the place of root, and then bubble down. */
HeapArray.RemoveAt(heapArrayLength - 1); /* Removing the last element, as it is now placed in the root's position, and needs to be bubbled down.*/
BubbleDown_Recursively(0, heapArrayLength - 1); /* Call this method to bubble down the (new) root.*/ /* Also notice that the array is shorter by one value now, thus the new array length is one smaller. */
return(true);
}
/// <summary>
/// Removes the min element from the heap.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="keyValue">If the operation is successful, contains the minimum element in the array.</param>
/// <param name="heapArrayLength">The length of the heap array. </param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override bool TryRemoveRoot(out KeyValuePair <TKey, TValue> keyValue, int heapArrayLength)
{
keyValue = new KeyValuePair <TKey, TValue>((TKey)typeof(TKey).GetField("MinValue").GetValue(null), default(TValue));
if (heapArrayLength == 0)
{
return(false);
}
if (heapArrayLength == 1)
{
keyValue = HeapArray[0];
HeapArray.Clear();
return(true);
}
keyValue = HeapArray[0];
HeapArray[0] = HeapArray[heapArrayLength - 1];
HeapArray.RemoveAt(heapArrayLength - 1);
BubbleDownMin_Recursively(0, heapArrayLength - 1); /* Calling this method, because this is a min-max heap and 0 is expected to be on a min level.*/ /* Also notice that the array is shorter by one value now, thus the new array length is one smaller. */
return(true);
}
/// <summary>
/// Removes the max element from the heap.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="keyValue">If the operation is successful, contains the maximum element in the array.</param>
/// <param name="heapArrayLength">The length of the heap array. </param>
/// <returns>True in case of success, and false otherwise</returns>
public override bool TryRemoveRoot(out KeyValuePair <TKey, TValue> keyValue, int heapArrayLength)
{
keyValue = new KeyValuePair <TKey, TValue>((TKey)typeof(TKey).GetField("MaxValue").GetValue(null), default(TValue));
if (heapArrayLength == 0)
{
return(false);
}
if (heapArrayLength == 1)
{
keyValue = HeapArray[0];
HeapArray.Clear();
return(true);
}
keyValue = HeapArray[0];
HeapArray[0] = HeapArray[heapArrayLength - 1];
HeapArray.RemoveAt(heapArrayLength - 1);
BubbleDown_Recursively(0, heapArrayLength - 1); /* notice that the array is shorter by one value now, thus the new array length is one smaller. */
return(true);
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Random random = new Random();
int test = 10;
Console.WriteLine("You are runnning the Data Structures example.");
Console.WriteLine("======================================================");
Console.WriteLine();
#region Link (aka Tuple)
Console.WriteLine(" Link------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" A \"Link\" is like a System.Tuple that implements");
Console.WriteLine(" Towel.DataStructures.DataStructure. A Link/Tuple is");
Console.WriteLine(" used when you have a small, known-sized set of objects");
Console.WriteLine(" that you want to bundle together without making a custom");
Console.WriteLine(" custom class.");
Console.WriteLine();
Link link = new Link <int, int, int, int, int, int>(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
Console.Write(" Traversal: ");
link.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" Size: " + link.Size);
Console.WriteLine();
#endregion
#region Indexed (aka Array)
Console.WriteLine(" Indexed---------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" An \"Indexed\" is just a wrapper for arrays that implements");
Console.WriteLine(" Towel.DataStructures.DataStructure. An array is used when");
Console.WriteLine(" dealing with static-sized, known-sized sets of data. Arrays");
Console.WriteLine(" can be sorted along 1 dimensions for binary searching algorithms.");
Console.WriteLine();
IIndexed <int> indexed = new IndexedArray <int>(test);
Console.Write(" Filling in (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
indexed[i] = i;
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write(" Traversal: ");
indexed.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" Length: " + indexed.Length);
Console.WriteLine();
#endregion
#region Addable (aka List)
Console.WriteLine(" Addable---------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" An \"Addable\" is like an IList that implements");
Console.WriteLine(" Towel.DataStructures.DataStructure. \"AddableArray\" is");
Console.WriteLine(" the array implementation while \"AddableLinked\" is the");
Console.WriteLine(" the linked-list implementation. An Addable/List is used");
Console.WriteLine(" when dealing with an unknown quantity of data that you");
Console.WriteLine(" will likely have to enumerate/step through everything. The");
Console.WriteLine(" AddableArray shares the properties of an Indexed/Array in");
Console.WriteLine(" that it can be relateively quickly sorted along 1 dimensions");
Console.WriteLine(" for binary search algorithms.");
Console.WriteLine();
// AddableArray ---------------------------------------
IAddable <int> addableArray = new AddableArray <int>(test);
Console.Write(" [AddableArray] Adding (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
addableArray.Add(i);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write(" [AddableArray] Traversal: ");
addableArray.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" [AddableArray] Count: " + addableArray.Count);
addableArray.Clear(); // Clears the addable
Console.WriteLine();
// AddableLinked ---------------------------------------
IAddable <int> addableLinked = new AddableLinked <int>();
Console.Write(" [AddableLinked] Adding (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
addableLinked.Add(i);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write(" [AddableLinked] Traversal: ");
addableLinked.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" [AddableLinked] Count: " + addableLinked.Count);
addableLinked.Clear(); // Clears the addable
Console.WriteLine();
#endregion
#region FirstInLastOut (aka stack)
{
Console.WriteLine(" FirstInLastOut---------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" An \"FirstInLastOut\" is a Stack that implements");
Console.WriteLine(" Towel.DataStructures.DataStructure. \"FirstInLastOutArray\" is");
Console.WriteLine(" the array implementation while \"FirstInLastOutLinked\" is the");
Console.WriteLine(" the linked-list implementation. A FirstInLastOut/Stack is used");
Console.WriteLine(" specifically when you need the algorithm provided by the Push");
Console.WriteLine(" and Pop functions.");
Console.WriteLine();
IFirstInLastOut <int> firstInLastOutArray = new FirstInLastOutArray <int>();
Console.Write(" [FirstInLastOutArray] Pushing (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
firstInLastOutArray.Push(i);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write(" [FirstInLastOutArray] Traversal: ");
firstInLastOutArray.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInLastOutArray] Pop: " + firstInLastOutArray.Pop());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInLastOutArray] Pop: " + firstInLastOutArray.Pop());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInLastOutArray] Peek: " + firstInLastOutArray.Peek());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInLastOutArray] Pop: " + firstInLastOutArray.Pop());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInLastOutArray] Count: " + firstInLastOutArray.Count);
firstInLastOutArray.Clear(); // Clears the firstInLastOut
Console.WriteLine();
IFirstInLastOut <int> firstInLastOutLinked = new FirstInLastOutLinked <int>();
Console.Write(" [FirstInLastOutLinked] Pushing (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
firstInLastOutLinked.Push(i);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write(" [FirstInLastOutLinked] Traversal: ");
firstInLastOutLinked.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInLastOutLinked] Pop: " + firstInLastOutLinked.Pop());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInLastOutLinked] Pop: " + firstInLastOutLinked.Pop());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInLastOutLinked] Peek: " + firstInLastOutLinked.Peek());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInLastOutLinked] Pop: " + firstInLastOutLinked.Pop());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInLastOutLinked] Count: " + firstInLastOutLinked.Count);
firstInLastOutLinked.Clear(); // Clears the firstInLastOut
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
#region FirstInFirstOut (aka Queue)
{
Console.WriteLine(" FirstInFirstOut---------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" An \"FirstInFirstOut\" is a Queue that implements");
Console.WriteLine(" Towel.DataStructures.DataStructure. \"FirstInFirstOutArray\" is");
Console.WriteLine(" the array implementation while \"FirstInFirstOutLinked\" is the");
Console.WriteLine(" the linked-list implementation. A FirstInFirstOut/Stack is used");
Console.WriteLine(" specifically when you need the algorithm provided by the Queue");
Console.WriteLine(" and Dequeue functions.");
Console.WriteLine();
IFirstInFirstOut <int> firstInFirstOutArray = new FirstInFirstOutArray <int>();
Console.Write(" [FirstInFirstOutArray] Enqueuing (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
firstInFirstOutArray.Enqueue(i);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write(" [FirstInFirstOutArray] Traversal: ");
firstInFirstOutArray.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInFirstOutArray] Dequeue: " + firstInFirstOutArray.Dequeue());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInFirstOutArray] Dequeue: " + firstInFirstOutArray.Dequeue());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInFirstOutArray] Peek: " + firstInFirstOutArray.Peek());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInFirstOutArray] Dequeue: " + firstInFirstOutArray.Dequeue());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInFirstOutArray] Count: " + firstInFirstOutArray.Count);
firstInFirstOutArray.Clear(); // Clears the firstInLastOut
Console.WriteLine();
IFirstInFirstOut <int> firstInFirstOutLinked = new FirstInFirstOutLinked <int>();
Console.Write(" [FirstInFirstOutLinked] Enqueuing (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
firstInFirstOutLinked.Enqueue(i);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write(" [FirstInFirstOutLinked] Traversal: ");
firstInFirstOutLinked.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInFirstOutLinked] Pop: " + firstInFirstOutLinked.Dequeue());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInFirstOutLinked] Pop: " + firstInFirstOutLinked.Dequeue());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInFirstOutLinked] Peek: " + firstInFirstOutLinked.Peek());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInFirstOutLinked] Pop: " + firstInFirstOutLinked.Dequeue());
Console.WriteLine(" [FirstInFirstOutLinked] Count: " + firstInFirstOutLinked.Count);
firstInFirstOutLinked.Clear(); // Clears the firstInLastOut
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
#region Heap
{
Console.WriteLine(" Heap---------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" An \"Heap\" is a binary tree that stores items based on priorities.");
Console.WriteLine(" It implements Towel.DataStructures.DataStructure like the others.");
Console.WriteLine(" It uses sifting algorithms to move nodes vertically through itself.");
Console.WriteLine(" It is often the best data structure for standard priority queues.");
Console.WriteLine(" \"HeapArray\" is an implementation where the tree has been flattened");
Console.WriteLine(" into an array.");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" Let's say the priority is how close a number is to \"5\".");
Console.WriteLine(" So \"Dequeue\" will give us the next closest value to \"5\".");
Comparison Priority(int a, int b)
{
int _a = Compute.AbsoluteValue(a - 5);
int _b = Compute.AbsoluteValue(b - 5);
Comparison comparison = Compare.Wrap(_b.CompareTo(_a));
return(comparison);
}
Console.WriteLine();
IHeap <int> heapArray = new HeapArray <int>(Priority);
Console.Write(" [HeapArray] Enqueuing (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
heapArray.Enqueue(i);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" [HeapArray] Dequeue: " + heapArray.Dequeue());
Console.WriteLine(" [HeapArray] Dequeue: " + heapArray.Dequeue());
Console.WriteLine(" [HeapArray] Peek: " + heapArray.Peek());
Console.WriteLine(" [HeapArray] Dequeue: " + heapArray.Dequeue());
Console.WriteLine(" [HeapArray] Count: " + heapArray.Count);
heapArray.Clear(); // Clears the heapArray
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
#region Tree
//Console.WriteLine(" Tree-----------------------------");
//Tree<int> tree_Map = new TreeMap<int>(0, Compute.Equal, Hash.Default);
//for (int i = 1; i < test; i++)
//{
// tree_Map.Add(i, i / Compute.SquareRoot(i));
//}
//Console.Write(" Children of 0 (root): ");
//tree_Map.Children(0, (int i) => { Console.Write(i + " "); });
//Console.WriteLine();
//Console.Write(" Children of " + ((int)System.Math.Sqrt(test) - 1) + " (root): ");
//tree_Map.Children(((int)System.Math.Sqrt(test) - 1), (int i) => { Console.Write(i + " "); });
//Console.WriteLine();
//Console.Write(" Traversal: ");
//tree_Map.Stepper((int i) => { Console.Write(i + " "); });
//Console.WriteLine();
//Console.WriteLine();
#endregion
#region AVL Tree
{
Console.WriteLine(" AvlTree------------------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" An AVL Tree is a sorted binary tree.");
Console.WriteLine(" It implements Towel.DataStructures.DataStructure like the others.");
Console.WriteLine(" It allows for very fast 1D ranged queries/traversals.");
Console.WriteLine(" It is very similar to an Red Black tree, but uses a different sorting algorithm.");
Console.WriteLine();
IAvlTree <int> avlTree = new AvlTreeLinked <int>();
Console.Write(" Adding (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
avlTree.Add(i);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write(" Traversal: ");
avlTree.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
//// Note: Because the nodes in AVL Tree linked do not have
//// a parent pointer, the IEnumerable "foreach" iteration
//// is extremely slow and should be avoided. It requires
//// a stack for it's iteration.
//
//Console.Write(" Traversal Foreach: ");
//foreach (int i in avlTree)
//{
// Console.Write(i);
//}
//Console.WriteLine();
int minimum = random.Next(1, test / 2);
int maximum = random.Next(1, test / 2) + test / 2;
Console.Write(" Ranged Traversal [" + minimum + "-" + maximum + "]: ");
avlTree.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i), minimum, maximum);
Console.WriteLine();
int removal = random.Next(0, test);
Console.Write(" Remove(" + removal + "): ");
avlTree.Remove(removal);
avlTree.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
int contains = random.Next(0, test);
Console.WriteLine(" Contains(" + contains + "): " + avlTree.Contains(contains));
Console.WriteLine(" Current Least: " + avlTree.CurrentLeast);
Console.WriteLine(" Current Greatest: " + avlTree.CurrentGreatest);
Console.WriteLine(" Count: " + avlTree.Count);
avlTree.Clear(); // Clears the AVL tree
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
#region Red-Black Tree
{
Console.WriteLine(" Red-Black Tree------------------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" An Red-Black Tree is a sorted binary tree.");
Console.WriteLine(" It implements Towel.DataStructures.DataStructure like the others.");
Console.WriteLine(" It allows for very fast 1D ranged queries/traversals.");
Console.WriteLine(" It is very similar to an AVL tree, but uses a different sorting algorithm.");
Console.WriteLine();
IRedBlackTree <int> redBlackTree = new RedBlackTreeLinked <int>();
Console.Write(" Adding (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
redBlackTree.Add(i);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write(" Traversal: ");
redBlackTree.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
int minimum = random.Next(1, test / 2);
int maximum = random.Next(1, test / 2) + test / 2;
Console.Write(" Ranged Traversal [" + minimum + "-" + maximum + "]: ");
redBlackTree.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i), minimum, maximum);
Console.WriteLine();
int removal = random.Next(0, test);
Console.Write(" Remove(" + removal + "): ");
redBlackTree.Remove(removal);
redBlackTree.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
int contains = random.Next(0, test);
Console.WriteLine(" Contains(" + contains + "): " + redBlackTree.Contains(contains));
Console.WriteLine(" Current Least: " + redBlackTree.CurrentLeast);
Console.WriteLine(" Current Greatest: " + redBlackTree.CurrentGreatest);
Console.WriteLine(" Count: " + redBlackTree.Count);
redBlackTree.Clear(); // Clears the Red Black tree
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
#region BTree
{
Console.WriteLine(" B Tree------------------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" A B Tree is a sorted binary tree that allows multiple values to");
Console.WriteLine(" be stored per node. This makes it sort of a hybrid between a");
Console.WriteLine(" binary tree and an array. Because multiple values are stored ");
Console.WriteLine(" per node, it means less nodes must be traversed to completely");
Console.WriteLine(" traverse the values in the B tree.");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" The generic B Tree in Towel is still in development.");
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
#region Set
{
Console.WriteLine(" Set------------------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" A Set is like an Addable/List, but it does not allow duplicates. Sets are");
Console.WriteLine(" usually implemented using hash codes. Implementations with hash codes");
Console.WriteLine(" usually have very fast \"Contains\" checks to see if a value has already");
Console.WriteLine(" been added to the set.");
Console.WriteLine();
ISet <int> setHashLinked = new SetHashLinked <int>();
Console.Write(" Adding (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
setHashLinked.Add(i);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write(" Traversal: ");
setHashLinked.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
int a = random.Next(0, test);
setHashLinked.Remove(a);
Console.Write(" Remove(" + a + "): ");
setHashLinked.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
int b = random.Next(0, test);
Console.WriteLine(" Contains(" + b + "): " + setHashLinked.Contains(b));
Console.WriteLine(" Count: " + setHashLinked.Count);
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
#region Map (aka Dictionary)
{
Console.WriteLine(" Map------------------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" A Map (aka Dictionary) is similar to a Set, but it stores two values (a ");
Console.WriteLine(" key and a value). Maps do not allow duplicate keys much like Sets don't");
Console.WriteLine(" allow duplicate values. When provided with the key, the Map uses that key");
Console.WriteLine(" to look up the value that it is associated with. Thus, it allows you to ");
Console.WriteLine(" \"map\" one object to another. As with Sets, Maps are usually implemented");
Console.WriteLine(" using hash codes.");
Console.WriteLine();
// Note: the first generic is the value, the second is the key
IMap <string, int> mapHashLinked = new MapHashLinked <string, int>();
Console.WriteLine(" Let's map each int to its word representation (ex 1 -> One).");
Console.Write(" Adding (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
mapHashLinked.Add(i, ((decimal)i).ToEnglishWords());
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" Traversal: ");
mapHashLinked.Keys(i => Console.WriteLine(" " + i + "->" + mapHashLinked[i]));
Console.WriteLine();
int a = random.Next(0, test);
mapHashLinked.Remove(a);
Console.Write(" Remove(" + a + "): ");
mapHashLinked.Keys(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
int b = random.Next(0, test);
Console.WriteLine(" Contains(" + b + "): " + mapHashLinked.Contains(b));
Console.WriteLine(" Count: " + mapHashLinked.Count);
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
#region OmnitreePoints
{
Console.WriteLine(" OmnitreePoints--------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" An Omnitree is an ND SPT that allows for");
Console.WriteLine(" multidimensional sorting. Any time you need to look");
Console.WriteLine(" items up based on multiple fields/properties, then");
Console.WriteLine(" you might want to use an Omnitree. If you need to");
Console.WriteLine(" perform ranged queries on multiple dimensions, then");
Console.WriteLine(" the Omnitree is the data structure for you.");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" The \"OmnitreePoints\" stores individual points (vectors),");
Console.WriteLine(" and the \"OmnitreeBounds\" stores bounded objects (spaces).");
Console.WriteLine();
IOmnitreePoints <int, double, string, decimal> omnitree =
new OmnitreePointsLinked <int, double, string, decimal>(
// This is a location delegate. (how to locate the item along each dimension)
(int index, out double a, out string b, out decimal c) =>
{
a = index;
b = index.ToString();
c = index;
});
Console.Write(" Adding (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
omnitree.Add(i);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write(" Traversal: ");
omnitree.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
int minimumXZ = random.Next(1, test / 2);
int maximumXZ = random.Next(1, test / 2) + test / 2;
string minimumY = minimumXZ.ToString();
string maximumY = maximumXZ.ToString();
Console.Write(" Spacial Traversal [" +
"(" + minimumXZ + ", \"" + minimumY + "\", " + minimumXZ + ")->" +
"(" + maximumXZ + ", \"" + maximumY + "\", " + maximumXZ + ")]: ");
omnitree.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i),
minimumXZ, maximumXZ,
minimumY, maximumY,
minimumXZ, maximumXZ);
Console.WriteLine();
// Note: this "look up" is just a very narrow spacial query that (since we know the data)
// wil only give us one result.
int lookUp = random.Next(0, test);
string lookUpToString = lookUp.ToString();
Console.Write(" Look Up (" + lookUp + ", \"" + lookUpToString + "\", " + lookUp + "): ");
omnitree.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i),
lookUp, lookUp,
lookUp.ToString(), lookUp.ToString(),
lookUp, lookUp);
Console.WriteLine();
// Ignoring dimensions on traversals example.
// If you want to ignore a column on a traversal, you can do so like this:
omnitree.Stepper(i => { /*Do Nothing*/ },
lookUp, lookUp,
Omnitree.Bound <string> .None, Omnitree.Bound <string> .None,
Omnitree.Bound <decimal> .None, Omnitree.Bound <decimal> .None);
Console.Write(" Counting Items In a Space [" +
"(" + minimumXZ + ", \"" + minimumY + "\", " + minimumXZ + ")->" +
"(" + maximumXZ + ", \"" + maximumY + "\", " + maximumXZ + ")]: ");
omnitree.CountSubSpace(
minimumXZ, maximumXZ,
minimumY, maximumY,
minimumXZ, maximumXZ);
Console.WriteLine();
int removalMinimum = random.Next(1, test / 2);
int removalMaximum = random.Next(1, test / 2) + test / 2;
string removalMinimumY = removalMinimum.ToString();
string removalMaximumY = removalMaximum.ToString();
Console.Write(" Remove (" + removalMinimum + "-" + removalMaximum + "): ");
omnitree.Remove(
removalMinimum, removalMaximum,
removalMinimumY, removalMaximumY,
removalMinimum, removalMaximum);
omnitree.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" Dimensions: " + omnitree.Dimensions);
Console.WriteLine(" Count: " + omnitree.Count);
omnitree.Clear(); // Clears the Omnitree
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
#region OmnitreeBounds
{
Console.WriteLine(" OmnitreeBounds--------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" An Omnitree is an ND SPT that allows for");
Console.WriteLine(" multidimensional sorting. Any time you need to look");
Console.WriteLine(" items up based on multiple fields/properties, then");
Console.WriteLine(" you might want to use an Omnitree. If you need to");
Console.WriteLine(" perform ranged queries on multiple dimensions, then");
Console.WriteLine(" the Omnitree is the data structure for you.");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" The \"OmnitreePoints\" stores individual points (vectors),");
Console.WriteLine(" and the \"OmnitreeBounds\" stores bounded objects (spaces).");
Console.WriteLine();
IOmnitreeBounds <int, double, string, decimal> omnitree =
new OmnitreeBoundsLinked <int, double, string, decimal>(
// This is a location delegate. (how to locate the item along each dimension)
(int index,
out double min1, out double max1,
out string min2, out string max2,
out decimal min3, out decimal max3) =>
{
string indexToString = index.ToString();
min1 = index; max1 = index;
min2 = indexToString; max2 = indexToString;
min3 = index; max3 = index;
});
Console.Write(" Adding (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
omnitree.Add(i);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write(" Traversal: ");
omnitree.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
int minimumXZ = random.Next(1, test / 2);
int maximumXZ = random.Next(1, test / 2) + test / 2;
string minimumY = minimumXZ.ToString();
string maximumY = maximumXZ.ToString();
Console.Write(" Spacial Traversal [" +
"(" + minimumXZ + ", \"" + minimumY + "\", " + minimumXZ + ")->" +
"(" + maximumXZ + ", \"" + maximumY + "\", " + maximumXZ + ")]: ");
omnitree.StepperOverlapped(i => Console.Write(i),
minimumXZ, maximumXZ,
minimumY, maximumY,
minimumXZ, maximumXZ);
Console.WriteLine();
// Note: this "look up" is just a very narrow spacial query that (since we know the data)
// wil only give us one result.
int lookUpXZ = random.Next(0, test);
string lookUpY = lookUpXZ.ToString();
Console.Write(" Look Up (" + lookUpXZ + ", \"" + lookUpY + "\", " + lookUpXZ + "): ");
omnitree.StepperOverlapped(i => Console.Write(i),
lookUpXZ, lookUpXZ,
lookUpY, lookUpY,
lookUpXZ, lookUpXZ);
Console.WriteLine();
// Ignoring dimensions on traversals example.
// If you want to ignore a dimension on a traversal, you can do so like this:
omnitree.StepperOverlapped(i => { /*Do Nothing*/ },
lookUpXZ, lookUpXZ,
// The "None" means there is no bound, so all values are valid
Omnitree.Bound <string> .None, Omnitree.Bound <string> .None,
Omnitree.Bound <decimal> .None, Omnitree.Bound <decimal> .None);
Console.Write(" Counting Items In a Space [" +
"(" + minimumXZ + ", \"" + minimumY + "\", " + minimumXZ + ")->" +
"(" + maximumXZ + ", \"" + maximumY + "\", " + maximumXZ + ")]: " +
omnitree.CountSubSpaceOverlapped(
minimumXZ, maximumXZ,
minimumY, maximumY,
minimumXZ, maximumXZ));
Console.WriteLine();
int removalMinimumXZ = random.Next(1, test / 2);
int removalMaximumXZ = random.Next(1, test / 2) + test / 2;
string removalMinimumY = removalMinimumXZ.ToString();
string removalMaximumY = removalMaximumXZ.ToString();
Console.Write(" Remove (" + removalMinimumXZ + "-" + removalMaximumXZ + "): ");
omnitree.RemoveOverlapped(
removalMinimumXZ, removalMaximumXZ,
removalMinimumY, removalMaximumY,
removalMinimumXZ, removalMaximumXZ);
omnitree.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" Dimensions: " + omnitree.Dimensions);
Console.WriteLine(" Count: " + omnitree.Count);
omnitree.Clear(); // Clears the Omnitree
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
#region KD Tree
{
Console.WriteLine(" KD Tree------------------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" A KD Tree binary tree that stores points sorted along along an");
Console.WriteLine(" arbitrary number of dimensions. So it performs multidimensional");
Console.WriteLine(" sorting similar to the Omnitree (Quadtree/Octree) in Towel, but");
Console.WriteLine(" it uses a completely different algorithm and format.");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" The generic KD Tree in Towel is still in development.");
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
#region Graph
{
Console.WriteLine(" Graph------------------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" A Graph is a data structure of nodes and edges. Nodes are values");
Console.WriteLine(" and edges are connections between those values. Graphs are often");
Console.WriteLine(" used to model real world data such as maps, and are often used in");
Console.WriteLine(" path finding algoritms. See the \"Algorithms\" example for path");
Console.WriteLine(" finding examples. This is just an example of how to make a graph.");
Console.WriteLine(" A \"GraphSetOmnitree\" is an implementation where nodes are stored.");
Console.WriteLine(" in a Set and edges are stored in an Omnitree (aka Quadtree).");
Console.WriteLine();
IGraph <int> graphSetOmnitree = new GraphSetOmnitree <int>();
Console.WriteLine(" Adding Nodes (0-" + (test - 1) + ")...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
graphSetOmnitree.Add(i);
}
int edgesPerNode = 3;
Console.WriteLine(" Adding Random Edges (0-3 per node)...");
for (int i = 0; i < test; i++)
{
// lets use a heap to randomize the edges using random priorities
IHeap <(int, int)> heap = new HeapArray <(int, int)>((x, y) => Compare.Wrap(x.Item2.CompareTo(y.Item2)));
for (int j = 0; j < test; j++)
{
if (j != i)
{
heap.Enqueue((j, random.Next()));
}
}
// dequeue some random edges from the heap and add them to the graph
int randomEdgeCount = random.Next(edgesPerNode + 1);
for (int j = 0; j < randomEdgeCount; j++)
{
graphSetOmnitree.Add(i, heap.Dequeue().Item1);
}
}
Console.Write(" Nodes (Traversal): ");
graphSetOmnitree.Stepper(i => Console.Write(i));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" Edges (Traversal): ");
graphSetOmnitree.Stepper((from, to) => Console.WriteLine(" " + from + "->" + to));
Console.WriteLine();
int a = random.Next(0, test);
Console.Write(" Neighbors (" + a + "):");
graphSetOmnitree.Neighbors(a, i => Console.Write(" " + i));
Console.WriteLine();
int b = random.Next(0, test / 2);
int c = random.Next(test / 2, test);
Console.WriteLine(" Are Adjacent (" + b + ", " + c + "): " + graphSetOmnitree.Adjacent(b, c));
Console.WriteLine(" Node Count: " + graphSetOmnitree.NodeCount);
Console.WriteLine(" Edge Count: " + graphSetOmnitree.EdgeCount);
graphSetOmnitree.Clear(); // Clears the graph
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
#region Trie
{
Console.WriteLine(" Trie------------------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" A Trie is a tree where portions of the data are stored in each node");
Console.WriteLine(" such that when you traverse the tree to a leaf, you have read the contents");
Console.WriteLine(" of that leaf along the way. Because of this, a Trie allows for its values");
Console.WriteLine(" to share data, which is a form of compression. So a Trie may be used to save");
Console.WriteLine(" memory. A trie may also be a very useful tool in pattern matching, because it");
Console.WriteLine(" it allows for culling based are portions of the data.");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" The generic Trie in Towel is still in development.");
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
Console.WriteLine("============================================");
Console.WriteLine("Examples Complete...");
Console.ReadLine();
}