internal void update()
{
Vector diff = new Vector(position, lookAt);
this.direction = -diff.normalize();
this.right = new Vector(0, 1, 0).cross(direction).normalize();
this.down = -right.cross(direction);
}
public static Camera Create(Vector pos, Vector lookAt)
{
Vector forward = Vector.Norm(Vector.Minus(lookAt, pos));
Vector down = new Vector(0, -1, 0);
Vector right = Vector.Times(1.5f, Vector.Norm(Vector.Cross(forward, down)));
Vector up = Vector.Times(1.5f, Vector.Norm(Vector.Cross(forward, right)));
return new Camera() { Pos = pos, Forward = forward, Up = up, Right = right };
}
public static Vector Norm(Vector v)
{
/*float mag = Mag(v);
float div = mag == 0 ? float.PositiveInfinity : 1 / mag;
return Times(div, v);*/
float sqrLength, invLength;
sqrLength = v.X * v.X + v.Y * v.Y + v.Z * v.Z;
invLength = SceneObject.InvSqrt(sqrLength);
return new Vector(v.X * invLength, v.Y * invLength, v.Z * invLength);
}
private void SetupScene(int numberOfBalls)
{
scene = new Scene();
scene.Background = new Background(new RayTracer.Color(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 0.1);//new Background(new Color(.2, .3, .4), 0.5);
RayTracer.Vector campos = new RayTracer.Vector(0, 0, -5);
scene.Camera = new Camera(campos, campos / -2, new RayTracer.Vector(0, 1, 0).Normalize());
Random rnd = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfBalls; i++)
{
// setup a solid reflecting sphere
scene.Shapes.Add(new SphereShape(new RayTracer.Vector(rnd.Next(-100, 100) / 50.0, rnd.Next(-100, 100) / 50.0, rnd.Next(0, 200) / 50.0), .2,
new SolidMaterial(new RayTracer.Color(rnd.Next(0, 100) / 100.0, rnd.Next(0, 100) / 100.0, rnd.Next(0, 100) / 100.0), 0.4, 0.0, 2.0)));
}
// setup the chessboard floor
scene.Shapes.Add(new PlaneShape(new RayTracer.Vector(0.1, 0.9, -0.5).Normalize(), 1.2,
new ChessboardMaterial(new RayTracer.Color(1, 1, 1), new RayTracer.Color(0, 0, 0), 0.2, 0, 1, 0.7)));
scene.Lights.Add(new Light(new RayTracer.Vector(5, 10, -1), new RayTracer.Color(0.8, 0.8, 0.8)));
scene.Lights.Add(new Light(new RayTracer.Vector(-3, 5, -15), new RayTracer.Color(0.8, 0.8, 0.8)));
}
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
light = new RayTracer.Light(1, new RayTracer.Point(-15, 10, 20));
RayTracer.Point point = new RayTracer.Point(5.3368f, 8.0531f, 9.8769f);
RayTracer.Vector direction = new RayTracer.Vector(-0.38363f, -0.42482f, -0.82f);
RayTracer.Vector directionUp = new RayTracer.Vector(-0.16485f, 0.90515f, -0.391826f);
this.camera = new RayTracer.Camera(-1, point, direction, directionUp, 60f);
Button front = (Button)this.FindName("viewButtonFront");
front.Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Red);
TextBox positionZ, depth;
positionZ = (TextBox)this.FindName("positionZ");
positionZ.IsEnabled = false;
depth = (TextBox)this.FindName("rectangleDepth");
depth.IsEnabled = false;
}
public static Vector Minus(Vector v1, Vector v2)
{
return new Vector(v1.X - v2.X, v1.Y - v2.Y, v1.Z - v2.Z);
}
public static bool Equals(Vector v1, Vector v2)
{
return (v1.X == v2.X) && (v1.Y == v2.Y) && (v1.Z == v2.Z);
}
public static float Mag(Vector v)
{
return SceneObject.Sqrt(Dot(v, v));
}
public static Vector Cross(Vector v1, Vector v2)
{
return new Vector(((v1.Y * v2.Z) - (v1.Z * v2.Y)),
((v1.Z * v2.X) - (v1.X * v2.Z)),
((v1.X * v2.Y) - (v1.Y * v2.X)));
}
public static float Dot(Vector v1, Vector v2)
{
return (v1.X * v2.X) + (v1.Y * v2.Y) + (v1.Z * v2.Z);
}
public override Vector Normal(Vector pos)
{
return Vector.Norm(Vector.Minus(pos, Center));
}
public double dot(Vector v)
{
return this.x * v.x + this.y * v.y + this.z * v.z;
}
public override Vector Normal(Vector pos)
{
float vx = pos.X - Center.X;
float vy = pos.Y - Center.Y;
float vz = pos.Z - Center.Z;
float sqrLength, invLength;
sqrLength = vx * vx + vy * vy + vz * vz;
invLength = SceneObject.InvSqrt(sqrLength);
return new Vector(vx * invLength, vy * invLength, vz * invLength);
}
private Color Shade(Intersection isect, Scene scene, int depth)
{
var d = isect.Ray.Dir;
var pos = new Vector(
isect.Dist * isect.Ray.Dir.X + isect.Ray.Start.X,
isect.Dist * isect.Ray.Dir.Y + isect.Ray.Start.Y,
isect.Dist * isect.Ray.Dir.Z + isect.Ray.Start.Z
);
var normal = isect.Thing.Normal(pos);
var reflectDir = Vector.Minus(d, Vector.Times(2 * Vector.Dot(normal, d), normal));
// TODO: whats wrong with this?
/*var reflectDir = new Vector(
d.X - (2.0f * normal.X * d.X * normal.X),
d.Y - (2.0f * normal.Y * d.Y * normal.Y),
d.Z - (2.0f * normal.Z * d.Z * normal.Z)
);*/
Color natColor = GetNaturalColor(isect.Thing, pos, normal, reflectDir, scene);
Color ret = new Color(Color.DefaultColor.R + natColor.R,Color.DefaultColor.R + natColor.G, Color.DefaultColor.R + natColor.B);
if (depth >= MaxDepth)
{
return new Color(ret.R + Color.Grey.R, ret.G + Color.Grey.G, ret.B + Color.Grey.B);
}
Color refColor = GetReflectionColor(isect.Thing, new Vector(pos.X + .001f * reflectDir.X, pos.Y + .001f * reflectDir.Y, pos.Z + .001f * reflectDir.Z), normal, reflectDir, scene, depth);
return new Color(ret.R + refColor.R, ret.G + refColor.G, ret.B + refColor.B);
}
public Plane(Vector normal, double distance, Color color)
{
this.distance = distance;
this.normal = normal.normalize();
this.color = color;
}
public static Vector Times(float n, Vector v)
{
return new Vector(v.X * n, v.Y * n, v.Z * n);
}
private Color GetNaturalColor(SceneObject thing, Vector pos, Vector norm, Vector rd, Scene scene)
{
Color ret = Color.Make(0, 0, 0);
foreach (Light light in scene.Lights) {
Vector ldis = Vector.Minus(light.Pos, pos);
Vector livec = Vector.Norm(ldis);
double neatIsect = TestRay(new Ray() { Start = pos, Dir = livec }, scene);
bool isInShadow = !((neatIsect > Vector.Mag(ldis)) || (neatIsect == 0));
if (!isInShadow) {
double illum = Vector.Dot(livec, norm);
Color lcolor = illum > 0 ? Color.Times(illum, light.Color) : Color.Make(0, 0, 0);
double specular = Vector.Dot(livec, Vector.Norm(rd));
Color scolor = specular > 0 ? Color.Times(Math.Pow(specular, thing.Surface.Roughness), light.Color) : Color.Make(0, 0, 0);
ret = Color.Plus(ret, Color.Plus(Color.Times(thing.Surface.Diffuse(pos), lcolor),
Color.Times(thing.Surface.Specular(pos), scolor)));
}
}
return ret;
}
public static Vector Norm(Vector v)
{
double mag = Mag(v);
double div = mag == 0 ? double.PositiveInfinity : 1 / mag;
return Times(div, v);
}
public static double Mag(Vector v)
{
return Math.Sqrt(Dot(v, v));
}
private Color GetNaturalColor(SceneObject thing, Vector pos, Vector norm, Vector rd, Scene scene)
{
Color ret = new Color(Color.DefaultColor.R, Color.DefaultColor.G, Color.DefaultColor.B);
Vector rdNormalized = Vector.Norm(rd);
for (int i = 0; i < scene.Lights.Length; i++)
{
Light light = scene.Lights[i];
float vx = light.Pos.X - pos.X;
float vy = light.Pos.Y - pos.Y;
float vz = light.Pos.Z - pos.Z;
float sqrLength, invLength;
sqrLength = vx * vx + vy * vy + vz * vz;
invLength = SceneObject.InvSqrt(sqrLength);
Vector livec = new Vector(vx * invLength, vy * invLength, vz * invLength);
float neatIsect = TestRay(new Ray() { Start = pos, Dir = livec }, scene);
bool isInShadow = !((neatIsect == 0) || (neatIsect > vx * vx + vy * vy + vz * vz));
if (!isInShadow)
{
float illum = livec.X * norm.X + livec.Y * norm.Y + livec.Z * norm.Z;
float specular = livec.X * rdNormalized.X + livec.Y * rdNormalized.Y + livec.Z * rdNormalized.Z;
Color lcolor = illum > 0 ? Color.Times(illum, light.Color) : Color.Background;
Color scolor = specular > 0 ? Color.Times((float)Math.Pow(specular, thing.Surface.Roughness), light.Color) : Color.Background;
var diffuseSurfaceColor = thing.Surface.Diffuse(pos);
var specularSurfaceColor = thing.Surface.Specular(pos);
ret.R += diffuseSurfaceColor.R * lcolor.R + specularSurfaceColor.R * scolor.R;
ret.G += diffuseSurfaceColor.G * lcolor.G + specularSurfaceColor.G * scolor.G;
ret.B += diffuseSurfaceColor.B * lcolor.B + specularSurfaceColor.B * scolor.B;
}
}
return ret;
}
public Vector cross(Vector v)
{
return new Vector(this.y * v.z - this.z * v.y, -(this.x * v.z - this.z * v.x), this.x * v.y - this.y * v.x);
}
public static Vector Plus(Vector v1, Vector v2)
{
return new Vector(v1.X + v2.X, v1.Y + v2.Y, v1.Z + v2.Z);
}
private Color GetReflectionColor(SceneObject thing, Vector pos, Vector norm, Vector rd, Scene scene, int depth)
{
return Color.Times(thing.Surface.Reflect(pos), TraceRay(new Ray() { Start = pos, Dir = rd }, scene, depth + 1));
}
public abstract Vector Normal(Vector pos);
public static Bitmap run_raytracer(LinkedList<Object> objects, LinkedList<LightSource> lights, Camera c, Size size)
{
Console.WriteLine("Daniel Bolink's Ray Tracer");
//image size
int width = size.Width;
int height = size.Height;
// Create Camera
//Camera c = new Camera(new Position(0, 0, -10), new Position(0,0,0));
//create colors
Color BGColor = new Color(0, 0, 0);
//Color BLACK = new Color(0, 0, 0);
//Color WHITE = new Color(255, 255, 255);
//Color GREEN = new Color(0, 255, 0);
//Color YELLOW = new Color(255, 255, 0);
//Color ORANGE = new Color(255, 0, 255);
//Color RED = new Color(200, 0, 0);
//Color BLUE = new Color(0, 0, 255);
//create Objects in frame
//red plane at below 10 units
//Object p1 = new Plane(new Vector(0, 1, 0), -1, RED);
//blue sphere 10 units ahead radis 0.5
//Object s1 = new Sphere(1, new Position(0, 0, 0), BLACK);
//Object s2 = new Sphere(1, new Position(2, 0, 0), ORANGE);
//add Objects to list
//objects.AddLast(s1);
//objects.AddLast(p1);
//objects.AddLast(s2);
//add Light Sources
//LightSource l1 = new LightSource(new Position(20, 5, 10), WHITE);
//LightSource l2 = new LightSource(new Position(-20, 5, 10), BLUE);
//add lightsources to linked list
//lights.AddLast(l1);
//lights.AddLast(l2);
// Create Pixels
Color[,] pixels = new Color[width, height];
//ray tracing algorithm
for(int x = 0; x < width; x++)
{
for (int y = 0; y<height; y++)
{
double xamnt = (x + 0.5) / width;
double yamnt = ((height - y) + 0.5) / height;
Vector ray_direction = (c.direction + (c.right * (xamnt-0.5) + (c.down * (yamnt - 0.5)))).normalize();
Ray ray = new Ray(c.position, ray_direction);
LinkedList<ObjectPair> intersection_objects = new LinkedList<ObjectPair>();
foreach(Object o in objects)
{
double val = o.find_intersection(ray);
if (val > 0)
{
intersection_objects.AddLast(new ObjectPair(o, val));
}
//Console.WriteLine(val);
}
//Console.WriteLine(intersection_objects.Count);
if(intersection_objects.Count == 0)
{
pixels[x, y] = BGColor;
}
else
{
ObjectPair winner = new ObjectPair(null, -1);
foreach (ObjectPair o in intersection_objects)
{
if (winner.val == -1)
{
winner = o;
}
else if(winner.val > o.val && o.val >= 0)
{
winner = o;
}
}
if(winner.val > 0)
{
Color final_color = winner.obj.color;
Position intersection_point = ray.origin + (ray.direction * (winner.val * 0.999));
foreach (LightSource l in lights)
{
Boolean shadowed = false;
Vector light_direction = new Vector(l.origin, intersection_point).normalize();
//Vector light_direction = new Vector(intersection_point, l.origin).normalize();
Ray shadow_ray = new Ray(intersection_point, light_direction);
foreach(Object o in objects)
{
double obj_intersection = o.find_intersection(shadow_ray);
if(obj_intersection > 0)
{
shadowed = true;
break;
}
}
if (!shadowed)
{
Vector Winner_obj_normal = winner.obj.getNormalAt(intersection_point);
double diffuse_coeffient = (shadow_ray.direction.normalize().dot(Winner_obj_normal));
Vector reflection_direction = shadow_ray.direction - (2 * (shadow_ray.direction.dot(Winner_obj_normal)/Winner_obj_normal.magnitude()*Winner_obj_normal));
Ray reflection = new Ray(intersection_point, reflection_direction);
double specular_coefficient = reflection.direction.dot(ray.direction);
final_color += l.color * 0.15;
if(diffuse_coeffient > 0)
{
final_color += l.color * diffuse_coeffient * 0.15;
}
if(specular_coefficient > 0)
{
final_color += l.color * Math.Pow(specular_coefficient, 1000);
}
}
}
pixels[x, y] = final_color.clip();
}
else
{
pixels[x, y] = BGColor;
}
}
}
}
//create image
Bitmap bmp = CreateImg(pixels);
//Process photoViewer = Process.Start("RayTracer.png");
//prompt for exit
//Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
//Console.ReadKey();
return bmp;
}
public override Vector Normal(Vector pos)
{
return Norm;
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string selection = (string)comboBox1.SelectedItem;
if (o == null)
{
o = new Object();
}
switch (selection)
{
case "Plane":
try {
double plane_normal_x = Convert.ToDouble(txtbox_x.Text);
double plane_normal_y = Convert.ToDouble(txtbox_y.Text);
double plane_normal_z = Convert.ToDouble(txtbox_z.Text);
double plane_color_r = Convert.ToDouble(color_txtbox_r.Text);
double plane_color_g = Convert.ToDouble(color_txtbox_g.Text);
double plane_color_b = Convert.ToDouble(color_txtbox_b.Text);
Color color = new Color(plane_color_r, plane_color_g, plane_color_b);
Vector normal = new Vector(plane_normal_x, plane_normal_y, plane_normal_z);
double distance = Convert.ToDouble(sphere_txtbox_radius.Text);
o = new Plane(normal, distance, color);
if (!RayTracer_Form.objects.Contains(o))
{
RayTracer_Form.objects.AddLast(o);
}
parent.updateObjects();
Console.WriteLine("Plane Created");
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex);
}
break;
case "Sphere":
try
{
double sphere_x = Convert.ToDouble(txtbox_x.Text);
double sphere_y = Convert.ToDouble(txtbox_y.Text);
double sphere_z = Convert.ToDouble(txtbox_z.Text);
double sphere_r = Convert.ToDouble(color_txtbox_r.Text);
double sphere_g = Convert.ToDouble(color_txtbox_g.Text);
double sphere_b = Convert.ToDouble(color_txtbox_b.Text);
Position center = new Position(sphere_x, sphere_y, sphere_z);
double radius = Convert.ToDouble(sphere_txtbox_radius.Text);
Color c = new Color(sphere_r, sphere_g, sphere_b);
o = new Sphere(radius, center, c);
if (RayTracer_Form.objects.Contains(o))
{
}
else
{
RayTracer_Form.objects.AddLast(o);
}
parent.updateObjects();
Console.WriteLine("Sphere Created");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex);
}
break;
default:
return;
}
this.Hide();
}
