private static void useProcreate()
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// call an operator
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name}'s first child is named \"{mary.Children[0].Name}\".");
WriteLine($"3 fractional is {Person.Factorial(3)}");
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
#region Delegate,Event
//This is local funtion
void Ashiq_Shout(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Person ashiq = (Person)sender;
WriteLine($"{ashiq.Name} is angry. Anger Level: {ashiq.AngerLevel}");
}
Person p = new Person("Ashiqur Rahman");
p.Shout = Ashiq_Shout; //asigning Ashiq_Shout() into EventHandler delegate;
p.Poke();
p.Poke();
p.Poke();
p.Poke();
#endregion
#region Differentiating between instance and static method
var nayok = new Person("Nayok");
var villen = new Person("Villen");
var nayeeka = new Person("Nayeeka");
var baby1 = Person.Procreate(nayok, nayeeka);
var baby2 = nayeeka.ProcreateWith(villen);
var baby = nayok * nayeeka; //using overloaded * operator;
WriteLine($"{nayeeka.Name} has {nayeeka.Children.Count} Children."); //Nayeeka has 1 Children.
WriteLine($"{nayeeka.Name}'s first children is named {nayeeka.Children[0].Name}.");
//Nayeeka's first children is named Baby of Nayok & Nayeeka.
WriteLine($"{nayok.Name} has {nayok.Children.Count} Children.");
WriteLine($"{villen.Name} has {villen.Children.Count} Children.");
WriteLine($"{nayeeka.Name} has {nayeeka.Children.Count} Children.");
WriteLine($"{nayeeka.Name}'s first children is named {nayeeka.Children[0].Name}.");
#endregion
#region Delegate
var d = new MyDelegate(StrLen);
WriteLine(d("Ashiq"));
#endregion
#region Extending method
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "10";
WriteLine($"{email1} is valid {email1.IsValidEmail()}");
WriteLine($"{email2} is valid {email2.IsValidEmail()}");
WriteLine($"{email1} is number {email1.IsNumber()}");
WriteLine($"{email2} is number {email2.IsNumber()}");
#endregion
}
private static void DemoEvent()
{
// Exercise: Define an event
var harry = new Person
{
Name = "Harry",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1982, 1, 7)
};
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// call an operator
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine(
format: "{0}'s first child is named \"{1}\".",
arg0: harry.Name,
arg1: harry.Children[0].Name
);
// calling the local function
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
int count = 0;
do
{
harry.Poke();
count++;
}while (count < 4);
// Comparing objects when sorting
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
},
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("User Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
var t1 = new Thing();
t1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing with integer: {t1.Process(42)}");
var t2 = new Thing();
t2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Thing with a string {t2.Process("apple")}");
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with a string: {gt2.Process("apple")}");
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}", arg0: number1, arg1: Squarer.Square <string>(number1));
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}", arg0: number1, arg1: Squarer.Square(number2));
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X}, {dv3.Y})");
Employee john = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
john.WriteToConsole();
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on {john.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
WriteLine(john.ToString());
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee {
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA123", DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1970, 12, 12)
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
/*
* When a method is overridden with virtual and override, the compiler is smart
* enough to know that although the variable is declared as a Person class, the object
* itself is an Employee class and, therefore, the Employee implementation of ToString
* is called.
*/
// Explicit casting (safely)
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
}
// can also use `as` keyword and check for null
Employee aliceAsEmployee = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (aliceAsEmployee != null)
{
// we can do something with aliceAsEmployee
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} AS an Employee");
}
try
{
aliceInEmployee.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
aliceInEmployee.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email1)
);
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email2)
);
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var p1 = new Person();
p1.Name = "Bob Smith";
p1.DateOfBirth = new System.DateTime(1965, 12, 22);
WriteLine($"{p1.Name} was born on {p1.DateOfBirth:dddd, d MMMM yyyy}");
var p2 = new Person
{
Name = "Alice Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1998, 3, 17)
};
WriteLine($"{p2.Name} was born on {p2.DateOfBirth:d MMM yy}");
p1.BucketList = WondersOfTheAncientWorld.HangingGardenOfBabylon |
WondersOfTheAncientWorld.MausoleumAtHalicarnassus;
// p1.BucketList = (WondersOfTheAncientWorld)18;
WriteLine($"{p1.Name}'s bucket list is {p1.BucketList}");
p1.Children.Add(new Person {
Name = "Alfred"
});
p1.Children.Add(new Person {
Name = "Zoe"
});
WriteLine(
$"{p1.Name} has {p1.Children.Count} children:"
);
for (int child = 0; child < p1.Children.Count; child++)
{
WriteLine($" {p1.Children[child].Name}");
}
BankAccount.InterestRate = 0.012M;
var ba1 = new BankAccount();
ba1.AccountName = "Mrs. Jones";
ba1.Balance = 2400;
WriteLine($"{ba1.AccountName} earned {ba1.Balance * BankAccount.InterestRate:C} interest.");
var ba2 = new BankAccount();
ba2.AccountName = "Ms. Gerrier";
ba2.Balance = 98;
WriteLine($"{ba2.AccountName} earned {ba2.Balance * BankAccount.InterestRate:C} interest.");
WriteLine($"{p1.Name} is a {Person.Species}");
// WriteLine($"{p1.Name} is a {p1.Species}");
WriteLine($"{p1.Name} was born on {p1.HomePlanet}");
var p3 = new Person();
WriteLine($"{p3.Name} was instantiated at {p3.Instantiated:hh:mm:ss} on {p3.Instantiated:dddd, d MMMM yyyy}");
var p4 = new Person("Aziz");
WriteLine($"{p4.Name} was instantiated at {p4.Instantiated:hh:mm:ss} on {p4.Instantiated:dddd, d MMMM yyyy}");
p1.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(p1.GetOrigin());
Tuple <string, int> fruit4 = p1.GetFruitCS4();
WriteLine($"There are {fruit4.Item2} {fruit4.Item1}.");
(string, int)fruit7 = p1.GetFruitCS7();
WriteLine($"{fruit7.Item1}, {fruit7.Item2} there are.");
var fruitNamed = p1.GetNamedFruit();
WriteLine($"Are there {fruitNamed.Number} {fruitNamed.Name}?");
var thing1 = ("Neville", 4);
WriteLine(
$"{thing1.Item1} has {thing1.Item2} children."
);
var thing2 = (p1.Name, p1.Children.Count);
WriteLine(
$"{thing2.Name} has {thing2.Count} children."
);
(string fruitName, int fruitNumber) = p1.GetFruitCS7();
WriteLine($"Deconstructed: {fruitName}, {fruitNumber}");
WriteLine(p1.SayHello());
WriteLine(p1.SayHello("Emily"));
WriteLine(p1.OptionalParameters());
WriteLine(p1.OptionalParameters("Jump!", 98.5));
WriteLine(p1.OptionalParameters(number: 52.7, command: "Hide!"));
WriteLine(p1.OptionalParameters("Poke!", active: false));
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int c = 30;
WriteLine($"Before: a = {a}, b = {b}, c = {c}");
p1.PassingParameters(a, ref b, out c);
WriteLine($"After: a = {a}, b = {b}, c = {c}");
// simplified C# 7 syntax for out parameters
int d = 10;
int e = 20;
WriteLine($"Before: d = {d}, e = {e}, f doesn't exist yet!");
p1.PassingParameters(d, ref e, out int f);
WriteLine($"After: d = {d}, e = {e}, f = {f}");
var sam = new Person
{
Name = "Sam",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1972, 1, 27)
};
WriteLine(sam.Origin);
WriteLine(sam.Greeting);
WriteLine(sam.Age);
sam.FavoriteIceCream = "Chocolate Fudge";
WriteLine($"Sam's favorite ice-cream flavor is {sam.FavoriteIceCream}.");
sam.FavoritePrimaryColor = "Red";
WriteLine($"Sam's favorite primary color is {sam.FavoritePrimaryColor}.");
sam.Children.Add(new Person {
Name = "Charlie"
});
sam.Children.Add(new Person {
Name = "Ella"
});
WriteLine($"Sam's first child is {sam.Children[0].Name}");
WriteLine($"Sam's second child is {sam.Children[1].Name}");
WriteLine($"Sam's first child is {sam[0].Name}");
WriteLine($"Sam's second child is {sam[1].Name}");
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// call an operator
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name}'s first child is named \"{mary.Children[0].Name}\".");
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
var t = new Thing();
t.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing: {t.Process("42")}");
var gt = new GenericThing <int>();
gt.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing: {gt.Process("42")}");
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine($"{number1} squared is {Squarer.Square<string>(number1)}");
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine($"{number2} squared is {Squarer.Square<byte>(number2)}");
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X}, {dv3.Y})");
Employee e1 = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
e1.WriteToConsole();
e1.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
e1.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{e1.Name} was hired on {e1.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
WriteLine(e1.ToString());
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee {
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
Employee e2 = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
// do something with e2
}
Employee e3 = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (e3 != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} AS an Employee");
// do something with e3
}
try
{
e1.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
e1.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine($"{email1} is a valid e-mail address: {email1.isValidEmail()}.");
WriteLine($"{email2} is a valid e-mail address: {email2.isValidEmail()}.");
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// метод вызова экземпляра
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// метод статического вызова
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name}'s first child is named\"{mary.Children[0].Name}\".");
string s1 = "Hello ";
string s2 = "World!";
string s3 = string.Concat(s1, s2);
WriteLine(s3); // => Hello World!
// вызов оператора
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{harry.Name}'s first child is named\"{harry.Children[0].Name}\".");
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
var t = new Thing();
t.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing: {t.Process("42")}");
var gt = new GenericThing <int>();
gt.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing: {gt.Process("42")}");
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine($"{number1} squared is {Squarer.Square<string>(number1)}");
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine($"{number2} squared is {Squarer.Square<byte>(number2)}");
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X},{dv3.Y})");
Employee e1 = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
e1.WriteToConsole();
e1.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
e1.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{e1.Name} was hired on {e1.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
WriteLine(e1.ToString());
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee {
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
//Employee e2 = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
Employee e2 = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
// действия с e2
}
Employee e3 = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (e3 != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} AS an Employee");
// действия с e3
}
try
{
e1.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
e1.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine($"{email1} is a valid e-mail address: {StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email1)}.");
WriteLine($"{email2} is a valid e-mail address: {StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email2)}.");
WriteLine($"{email1} is a valid e-mail address:{email1.IsValidEmail()}.");
WriteLine($"{email2} is a valid e-mail address:{email2.IsValidEmail()}.");
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Test Casting
// Person(base) casting to Employee(sub Class) is not ok
int a = 100;
WriteLine("INT type:{0}", a.GetType().Name);
Person edwardInPerson = new Person {
Name = "Edward"
};
if (edwardInPerson is Employee)
{
Employee edwardInEmployee = (Employee)edwardInPerson;
}
else
{
WriteLine("EdwardInPerson is Not Employee, is {0}", edwardInPerson.GetType());
}
Employee YvonneInEmployee = new Employee {
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
if (YvonneInEmployee is Employee)
{
Person YvonneInPerson = YvonneInEmployee; // Employee casting to Person is ok
WriteLine("YvonneInPerson is {0}", YvonneInPerson.GetType());
WriteLine("YvonneInEmployee is {0}", YvonneInEmployee.GetType());
if (YvonneInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine("YvonneInPerson is actually Employee!");
Employee explicitYvonneInPersonToEmployee = (Employee)YvonneInPerson;
}
}
else
{
WriteLine("YvonneInEmployee is Not Employee, is {0}", edwardInPerson.ToString());
}
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
var may = new Person {
Name = "May"
};
// call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
baby1.Name = "Gary";
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
for (int i = 0; i < harry.Children.Count; i++)
{
WriteLine(
format: "{0}'s {1} child is named \"{2}\".",
harry.Name, i, harry.Children[i].Name);
}
var baby3 = may * jill;
WriteLine($"{may.Name} has {may.Children.Count} children.");
for (int i = 0; i < jill.Children.Count; i++)
{
WriteLine(
format: "{0}'s {1} child is named \"{2}\".",
jill.Name, i, jill.Children[i].Name);
}
WriteLine($"Person Factorial 5: {may.Factorial(5)}");
// event handler: assign Event Listener
// When assigning a method to a delegate field, you should not use the simple assignment operator as we did in the preceding example, and as shown in the following code:
// harry.Shout = Harry_Shout;
// If the Shout delegate field was already referencing one or more methods, by assigning a method, it would replace all the others. With delegates that are used for events
// we usuallywant to make sure that a programmer only ever uses either the += operator or the -= operator to assign and remove methods:
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Shout -= Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
// -----------------------------------
// test coommon interface[Icomparable/Icompare] by Array.Sort
// -----------------------------------
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($" {person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($" {person.Name}");
}
for (int idx = 0; idx < people.Length; idx++)
{
WriteLine($" {people[idx].Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($" {person.Name}");
}
// Defining interfaces with default implementations
var dvdplayer = new DvdPlayer();
dvdplayer.Play();
dvdplayer.Pause();
dvdplayer.Stop();
dvdplayer.Error();
dvdplayer.Error2();
var odvdplayer = new DvdPlayerOld();
odvdplayer.Play();
odvdplayer.Pause();
odvdplayer.Stop();
odvdplayer.Error();
// ----------------------------
// test generics Type:
// ----------------------------
// Note the following:
// • When instantiating an instance of a generic type, the developer must pass a
// type parameter. In this example, we pass int as the type parameter for gt1 and
// string as the type parameter for gt2, so wherever T appears in the GenericThing
// class, it is replaced with int and string.
// • When setting the Data field and passing the input parameter, the compiler
// enforces the use of an int value, such as 42, for
// ----------------------------
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int> {
Data = 42
};
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with a string: {gt2.Process("apple")}");
string number1 = "4.5";
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number1,
arg1: Squarer.Square <string>(number1));
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number2,
arg1: Squarer.Square(number2));
// ----------------------------------
// test struct
// ----------------------------------
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X},{dv3.Y})");
// ----------------------------------
// test Inheriting from classes
// ----------------------------------
Employee john = new Employee {
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
WriteLine(format: "employee {0}'s birthdate is {1:dddd,dd/MM/yy}", john.Name, john.DateOfBirth);
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on {john.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
john.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine("==============================");
WriteLine("Testing polymorphic");
WriteLine("==============================");
Person pMike = new Person();
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee {
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
// implicit casting
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
// When a method is hidden with new, the compiler is not smart enough to know that the object is an Employee, so it calls the WriteToConsole method in Person.
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
// When a method is overridden with virtual and override, the compiler is smart enough to know that although the variable is declared as a Person class, the object itself is an Employee class and, therefore, the Employee implementation of ToString is called.
WriteLine($"Person ToString():{pMike.ToString()}");
WriteLine($"aliceInEmployee ToString():{aliceInEmployee.ToString()}");
WriteLine($"aliceInPerson ToString():{aliceInPerson.ToString()}");
WriteLine("==============================");
WriteLine("Testing casting");
WriteLine("==============================");
// checking type before casting using "is"
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
explicitAlice.WriteToConsole();
}
else
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(pMike)} is NOT an Employee");
}
// checking type before casting using "is"
if (pMike is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(pMike)} IS an Employee");
Employee explicitMike = (Employee)pMike;
explicitMike.WriteToConsole();
}
else
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(pMike)} is NOT an Employee");
}
// checking type before casting using "as"
WriteLine("*** checking type before casting using 'is'");
Employee aliceAsEmployee = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (aliceAsEmployee != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} AS an Employee");
}
else
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} NOT as an Employee");
}
// checking type before casting using "as"
WriteLine("*** checking type before casting using 'as'");
Employee mikeAsEmployee = pMike as Employee;
if (mikeAsEmployee != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(pMike)} AS an Employee");
}
else
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(pMike)} NOT as an Employee");
}
try
{
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
try
{
john.TimeTravel2(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
john.TimeTravel2(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
WriteLine("===================================");
WriteLine("Testing Extending types when you can't inherit");
WriteLine("===================================");
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine("*** Using static methods to reuse functionality");
WriteLine(format: "{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email1));
WriteLine(format: "{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email2));
WriteLine("*** Using extension methods to reuse functionality");
WriteLine(format: "{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: email1.IsValidEmail());
WriteLine(format: "{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: email2.IsValidEmail());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person("Harry");
var mary = new Person("Mary");
var jill = new Person("Jill");
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// multiply operator overloaded with the Person class:
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine(
format: "{0}'s first child is called {1}",
arg0: harry.Name,
arg1: harry.Children[0].Name
);
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
// assign the method defined in this program to the delegate field
// note: delegates are multicast so can assign multiple delegates to a single delegate field although no control as to order called
// so could have used += operator instead of just the = assignment operator (book page 189)
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
// BOOK: page 192 INTERFACES
Person[] people =
{
new Person("Simon"),
new Person("Jenny"),
new Person("Adam"),
new Person("Richard")
};
WriteLine("People unsorted: ");
foreach (var person in people)
{
Write($"{person.Name} ");
}
WriteLine();
WriteLine("People sorted - uses IComparable implementation to sort: ");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
Write($"{person.Name} ");
}
WriteLine();
WriteLine("People sorted - uses PersonComparer (implements IComparer) class sort: ");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
Write($"{person.Name} ");
}
WriteLine();
// BOOK: page 198 making types safely reusable with GENERICS
var t1 = new Thing();
t1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing with an integer: {t1.Process(42)}");
var t2 = new Thing();
t2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Thing with an string: {t2.Process("apple")}");
// on instantiating instance of generic type, must pass a type parameter
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an string: {gt2.Process("apple")}");
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number1,
arg1: Squarer.Square <string>(number1));
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number1,
arg1: Squarer.Square <byte>(number2));
var vector1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 4);
var vector2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 1);
var vector3 = vector1 + vector2;
WriteLine($"vector3: {vector3.X}, {vector3.Y}");
Employee john = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
john.WriteToConsole();
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on {john.HireDate:dd/MM/yy} with code {john.EmployeeCode}");
WriteLine(john.ToString());
WriteLine();
// BOOK: page 212 Understanding polymorphism ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// implicit casting section ****
// an instance of a derived type (Employee) can be stored in a variable of the base type (Person) - IMPLICIT CASTING
Employee aliceEmployee = new Employee {
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person alicePerson = aliceEmployee; // IMPLICIT casting
WriteLine("Understanding Polymorphism section: ");
WriteLine("alicePerson has just been assigned to aliceEmployee i.e. alicePerson = aliceEmployee");
WriteLine();
WriteLine("Now calling aliceEmployee.WriteToConsole(), then alicePerson.WriteToConsole()");
aliceEmployee.WriteToConsole(); // Employee.WriteToConsole(): Alice was born on 01/01/01 and hired on 01/01/01
alicePerson.WriteToConsole(); // Person.WriteToConsole(): Alice was born on a Monday
WriteLine("Calling aliceEmployee.ToString(): " + aliceEmployee.ToString()); // Employee.ToString(): Alice's code is AA123
WriteLine("Calling alicePerson.ToString(): " + alicePerson.ToString()); // Employee.ToString(): Alice's code is AA123
// explicit casting section - and avoiding Casting Exceptions two options: use 'is' or 'as' keywords ****
// use keyword 'is'
if (alicePerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(alicePerson)} IS an Employee - because of earlier assignment: alicePerson = aliceEmployee");
// safe to cast
Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)alicePerson;
}
Employee aliceAsEmployee = alicePerson as Employee; // keyword 'as' used to explicity cast --> need to check for null though
if (aliceAsEmployee != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(alicePerson)} AS an Employee - because of earlier assignment: Employee aliceAsEmployee = alicePerson as Employee");
}
// BOOK: page 216 Inheriting exceptions ---------------------------------------------------------------------
try
{
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
// BOOK: page 218 Extending types when you cannot inherit (sealed) ---------------------------------------------------------------------
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "test&test.com";
WriteLine("{0} is a valid email address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email1));
WriteLine("{0} is a valid email address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email2));
WriteLine("{0} is a valid email address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: email1.IsValidEmail());
WriteLine("{0} is a valid email address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: email2.IsValidEmail());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// Implementing functionality using methods and operators
// call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
baby1.Name = "Gary";
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// call an operator
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine(
format: "{0}'s first child is named \"{1}\".",
arg0: harry.Name,
arg1: harry.Children[0].Name);
// Implementing functionality using local functions
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
// Raising and handling events
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
// Comparing objects when sorting
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($" {person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($" {person.Name}");
}
// Comparing objects using a separate class
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
// Working with generic types
var t1 = new Thing();
t1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing with an integer: {t1.Process(42)}");
var t2 = new Thing();
t2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Thing with a string: {t2.Process("apple")}");
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with a string: {gt2.Process("apple")}");
// Working with generic methods
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number1,
arg1: Squarer.Square <string>(number1));
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number2,
arg1: Squarer.Square(number2));
// Working with struct types
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X}, {dv3.Y})");
// Inheriting from classes
Employee john = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
john.WriteToConsole();
// Extending classes
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on {john.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
// Overriding members
WriteLine(john.ToString());
// Understanding polymorphism
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee
{
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
// Explicit casting
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
// safely do something with explicitAlice
}
Employee aliceAsEmployee = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (aliceAsEmployee != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} AS an Employee");
// do something with aliceInEmployee
}
// Inheriting exceptions
try
{
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
// Using static methods to reuse functionality
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email1));
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email2));
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: email1.IsValidEmail());
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: email2.IsValidEmail());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// call static method
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// call an operator
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine(
format: "{0}'s first child is named \"{1}\".",
arg0: harry.Name,
arg1: harry.Children[0].Name);
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
var t1 = new Thing();
t1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing with an integer: {t1.Process(42)}");
var t2 = new Thing();
t2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Thing with a string: {t2.Process("apple")}");
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with a string: {gt2.Process("apple")}");
// Working with generic methods
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number1,
arg1: Squarer.Square <string>(number1));
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number2,
arg1: Squarer.Square(number2));
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X}, {dv3.Y})");
Employee john = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
john.WriteToConsole();
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
#region POO Stuff
var baltazar = new Person();
baltazar.Name = "Baltazar";
WriteLine(baltazar.ToString());
var leo = new Person();
leo.Name = "Leonardo";
leo.DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 12, 22);
WriteLine($"{leo.Name} was born in {leo.DateOfBirth: d MMMM yyyy}");
var layla = new Person
{
Name = "Layla",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1980, 3, 7),
FavoriteWonder = WondersOfTheWorld.ColossusOfRhodes
};
WriteLine($"{layla.Name} was born in {layla.DateOfBirth: d MMMM yyyy}");
baltazar.FavoriteWonder = WondersOfTheWorld.HangingGardensOfBabylon;
baltazar.Children.Add(new Person
{
Name = "Alfred"
});
baltazar.Children.Add(new Person
{
Name = "Sakura Kinomot Desu"
});
WriteLine($"{baltazar.Name} has {baltazar.Children.Count} children :");
for (int child = 0; child < baltazar.Children.Count; child++)
{
WriteLine($"{baltazar.Children[child].Name}");
}
BankAccount.InterestRate = 0.012M;
var leoAccount = new BankAccount();
leoAccount.AccountName = "Mister Leo";
leoAccount.Balance = 3400;
WriteLine($"{leoAccount.AccountName} earned {leoAccount.Balance * BankAccount.InterestRate:C} interest");
var laylaAccount = new BankAccount();
laylaAccount.AccountName = "Miss Layla";
laylaAccount.Balance = 3400;
WriteLine($"{laylaAccount.AccountName} earned {laylaAccount.Balance * BankAccount.InterestRate:C} interest");
var blankPerson = new Person();
WriteLine($"{blankPerson.Name} of {blankPerson.HomePlanet} was created {blankPerson.Instantiated}");
var martian = new Person("Marvin", "Mars");
WriteLine($"{martian.Name} of {martian.HomePlanet} was created {martian.Instantiated}");
#endregion
#region Procreate
var ana = new Person {
Name = "Ana"
};
var tiberio = new Person {
Name = "Tiberio"
};
var vicente = new Person {
Name = "Vicente"
};
// call instance method
var baby1 = ana.ProceateWith(tiberio);
baby1.Name = "NoPalindromo";
// static call
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(vicente, ana);
// ussing overload operator
var baby3 = ana * tiberio;
WriteLine($"{ana.Name} has {ana.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine($"{tiberio.Name} has {tiberio.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine($"{vicente.Name} has {vicente.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine($"{ana.Name}'s first child is named \"{ana.Children[1].Name}\".");
#endregion
#region TestLocal Functions
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
#endregion
#region Delegates
var p1 = new Person();
int answer = p1.MethodICall("Something");
// Instance the delegate
var d = new DelegateWithMatch(p1.MethodICall);
// call the instance
int answer2 = d("Tuple");
WriteLine(answer);
WriteLine(answer2);
ana.Shout += Ana_Shout;
ana.Shout += Tiberio_Shout;
ana.Shout += Luis_Shout;
ana.Poke();
ana.Poke();
ana.Poke();
ana.Poke();
ana.Poke();
#endregion
#region IComparable
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Juan"
},
new Person {
Name = "Ana"
},
new Person {
Name = "Tiberio"
},
new Person {
Name = "Estela"
},
new Person {
Name = "Diego"
},
};
WriteLine("Initial List");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Using IComparable Interface");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
#endregion
#region IComparer
WriteLine("Use IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
#endregion
#region Using Generics
var t1 = new Thing();
t1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing with an integer : {t1.Process(42)}");
var t2 = new Thing();
t2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Thing with a string : {t1.Process("apple")}");
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Generic Thing with an integer : {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Generic Thing with an integer : {gt2.Process("apple")}");
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine($"{number1} squared is {Squarer.Square<string>(number1)}");
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine($"{number2} squared is {Squarer.Square<byte>(number2)}");
#endregion
#region Using struct
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"{dv3.X} , {dv3.Y}");
#endregion
/*
* using (Animal a = new Animal())
* {
* // code Animal
* }
*
* .... compiler converts previous code into something like this ...
* Animal a = new Animal();
* try
* {
* // code Animal
* }
* finally
* {
* if (a != null ) a.Dispose();
* }
*/
#region Using inheritance
Employee luis = new Employee
{
Name = "Luis Adrian",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 12, 12)
};
luis.WriteToConsole();
luis.EmployeeCode = "1300851";
luis.HireDate = new DateTime(2011, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{luis.Name} was hired in {luis.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
WriteLine(luis.ToString());
#endregion
#region catching own PersonExceptions
try
{
luis.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
luis.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
#endregion
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
// call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// call an operator
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine(
format: "{0}'s first child is named \"{1}\".",
arg0: harry.Name,
arg1: harry.Children[0].Name);
// using local function method
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
// using delegates
WriteLine("harry shouts");
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
harry.Poke();
}
// using interfaces
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "George"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementatin to sort: ");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
// using PersonComparer.cs
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementatin to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
// Utilizing Thing.cs class for genetics
var t1 = new Thing();
t1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing with an integer {t1.Process(42)}");
var t2 = new Thing();
t2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Thing with a string: {t2.Process("apple")}");
// thing is currently flexible because any type can be set for Data and input parameters.
// We can fix that using Generics. See GenericThing class.
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "Banana";
WriteLine($"GeneticThing with a string: {gt2.Process("Banana")}");
// working with generic methods
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}.",
arg0: number1,
arg1: Squarer.Square <string>(number1));
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number2,
arg1: Squarer.Square(number2));
// Working with Struct types
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X},{dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X},{dv3.Y})");
// using class inherittance
Employee john = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1996, 10, 1)
};
john.WriteToConsole(); // using new WriteToConsole from Employee.cs
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ1001";
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2015, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on: {john.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}.");
WriteLine(john.ToString());
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee {
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA332"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
// explicit casting
// Employee explicitAlice = aliceInPerson; // fails as we cannot cast Person as Employee
// Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson; // this could lead to InvalidCastException
// instead use a if statement
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
// safely do someting with explicitAlice
}
// you may also use AS to explicitly cast
Employee aliceAsEmployee = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (aliceAsEmployee != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} AS an Employee");
// do something with aliceAsEmployee
}
// in person class, we created our own exception PersonException which has a message
try
{
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
// using StringExtensions
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "not$email.com";
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: email1.IsValidEmail());
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: email2.IsValidEmail());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// call the instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// call the static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// call an operator
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children. ");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children. ");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children. ");
WriteLine(
format: "{0}'s first child is named \"{1}\".",
arg0: harry.Name,
arg1: harry.Children[0].Name
);
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
// defining and hanlding delegates
harry.Shout = Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
},
};
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
// Use Person's IComparable implmentation to sort:
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementatjoin to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
// working with generic types
// pre C# 2.0
var t1 = new Thing();
t1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing with an integer: {t1.Process(42)}");
var t2 = new Thing();
t2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Thing with a string: {t2.Process("apple")}");
// C# 2.0
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with a string: {gt2.Process("apple")}");
// working with generic methods
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine(
format: "{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number1,
arg1: Squarer.Square <string>(number1)
);
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine(
format: "{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number2,
arg1: Squarer.Square <byte>(number2)
);
// working with struct types
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X}, {dv3.Y})");
// Inheriting from classes
Employee john = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
john.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on {john.HireDate:dd/MM/yyyy}");
WriteLine(john.ToString());
// understanding polymorphism
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee
{
Name = "Alice",
EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole(); // Employee.WriteToConsole()
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole(); // Person.WriteToConsole()
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString()); // Employee ToString()
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString()); // Employee override ToString()
Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson; // same as below
//Employee aliceAsEmployee = aliceInPerson as Employee; // same as above
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
}
// inheriting expceptions
try
{
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
// using static methods to reuse functionality
// public bool IsValidEmail(this string input)
//public static bool IsValidEmail(this string input)
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine(
format: "{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email1)
);
WriteLine(
format: "{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email2)
);
// using extension methods to reuse functionality (see LINQ for powerful uses of extensions)
//public static bool IsValidEmail(this string input)
WriteLine(
format: "{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: email1.IsValidEmail()
);
WriteLine(
format: "{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: email2.IsValidEmail()
);
}
static void Chapter06()
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name}'s first child is named \"{mary.Children[0].Name}\".");
// factorial with local function
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
// Delegate example code
var p1 = new Person("Delegate");
// normal way
int answer = p1.MethodIWantToCall(p1.Name);
// assign defined delegate function to variable
var d = new DelegateWithMatchingSignature(p1.MethodIWantToCall);
int delegatedAnswer = d("Frog");
WriteLine($"Delegated Answer: {delegatedAnswer}");
// delegate example
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
// Demonstrating Interfaces
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial List of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
// Using Custom IComparer implementation
WriteLine("Use PersonComparers IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
// not using generics - generates warning - comparison not valid
var t = new Thing();
t.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing: {t.Process("42")}");
// using generics - define type in <brackets>
var gt = new GenericThing <int>();
gt.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing: {gt.Process("42")}");
// using generic methods in non-generic class
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine($"{number1} squared is {Squarer.Square<string>(number1)}");
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine($"{number2} squared is {Squarer.Square<byte>(number2)}");
// Using Structs
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X}, {dv3.Y})");
// Using Employee (inheriting from Person)
Employee e1 = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
e1.WriteToConsole();
e1.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
e1.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{e1.Name} was hired on {e1.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
// uses System.Object.ToString() until overriden.
WriteLine(e1.ToString());
// demonstrate difference between polymorphism and non-polymorphism
// "<blank> new" = non-polymorhpic
// "virtual override" = polymorphic
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee {
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
// doesn't use the WriteToConsole override
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
// still uses overriden method in Employee Class
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
// checking class is type we expect it to be.
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an employee");
Employee e2 = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
// do something with e2
}
// or, convert is possible, if unavailable as returns null
Employee e3 = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (e3 != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} AS an Employee");
}
// use custom exception
try
{
e1.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
e1.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
// adding methods to string
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "pamela&test.com";
WriteLine($"{email1} is a valid e-mail address: {email2.IsValidEmail()}");
WriteLine($"{email2} is a valid e-mail address: {email1.IsValidEmail()}");
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine(
format: "{0}'s first child is named \"{1}\".",
arg0: harry.Name,
arg1: harry.Children[0].Name);
string s1 = "Hello ";
string s2 = "World!";
// string s3 = string.Concat(s1, s2);
string s3 = s1 + s2;
WriteLine(s3);
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
var p1 = new Person();
var answer1 = p1.MethodIWantToCall("Frog");
var d = new DelegateWithMatchingSignature(new Person().MethodIWantToCall);
var answer2 = d("Frog");
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort: ");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with a string: {gt2.Process("apple")}");
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number1,
arg1: Squarer.Square <string>(number1));
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
arg0: number2,
arg1: Squarer.Square(number2));
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({ dv3.X}, { dv3.Y})");
Employee john = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
john.WriteToConsole();
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on {john.HireDate:dd / MM / yy}");
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: email1.IsValidEmail());
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: email2.IsValidEmail());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// метод вызова экземпляра
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// метод статического вызова
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// вызов оператора
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name}'s first child is named \"{mary.Children[0].Name}\".");
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
//TODO FAILED DELEGATE
var p1 = new Person {
Name = "Crybaby"
};
var d = new DelegateWithMatchingSignature(p1.MethodIWantToCall);
int answer2 = d("Frog");
// Crate an instance of the delegate, pointing to the logging function.
// This delegate will then be passed to the Process() function.
LogHandler myLogger = new LogHandler(Logger);
Person.Process(myLogger);
//TODO EVENT HANDLER
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
// INTERFACES
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
//TODO Arrat.Sort принимать компаратор вторым параметром
// который реализует интерфейс IComparer?
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
//TODO Создание универсальных типов
var t = new Thing();
t.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing: {t.Process("42")}");
var gt = new GenericThing <int>();
gt.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing: {gt.Process("42")}");
//TODO Создание универсального метода
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine($"{number1} squared is {Squarer.Square<string>(number1)}");
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine($"{number2} squared is {Squarer.Square<byte>(number2)}");
//TODO Определение структур
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X},{dv3.Y})");
// Наследование классов
Employee e1 = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
e1.WriteToConsole();
e1.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
e1.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{e1.Name} was hired on {e1.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
WriteLine(e1.ToString());
//TODO Что происходит на при определении Person aliceInPerson?
//TODO а если object aliceInEmployee = new Employee { Name = "Alice"};
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee {
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
//Явное приведение
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
Employee e2 = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
// действия с e2
}
Employee e3 = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (e3 != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} AS an Employee");
// действия с e3
}
//Наследование исключений
try
{
e1.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
e1.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
//Расширение типов при невозможности наследования
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine($"{email1} is a valid e-mail address: {StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email1)}.");
WriteLine($"{email2} is a valid e-mail address: {StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email2)}.");
//Extension methods
WriteLine($"{email1} is a valid e-mail address: {email1.IsValidEmail()}.");
WriteLine($"{email2} is a valid e-mail address: {email2.IsValidEmail()}.");
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello Smart!");
var smart = new Person {
Name = "Smart"
};
var mobbby = new Person {
Name = "Mobby"
};
var baShane = new Person {
Name = "baShane"
};
var shane = smart.ProCreateWith(mobbby);
var baby2 = Person.ProCreate(baShane, mobbby);
var baby3 = baShane * mobbby;
WriteLine($"{smart.Name} has {smart.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine($"{mobbby.Name} has {mobbby.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine($"{baShane.Name} has {baShane.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine($"{smart.Name}' is named {smart.Children[0].Name }");
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(0)}");
smart.Shout += Smart_Shout;
smart.Poke();
smart.Poke();
smart.Poke();
smart.Poke();
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Munashe"
},
new Person {
Name = "Chipo"
},
new Person {
Name = "Simba"
}
};
WriteLine($"initial lis of people :");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine($"Use Person's Icomparable Implementation to sort");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine($"use PersonICOmparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
var t = new Thing();
t.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing: {t.Process("42")}");
var gt = new GenericThing <int>();
gt.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing: {gt.Process("42")}");
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine($"{number1} sqaured is {Squarer.Sqaure(number1)}");
byte number2 = 10;
WriteLine($"{number2} sqaured is {Squarer.Sqaure<byte>(number2)}");
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X},{dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X},{dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X}, {dv3.Y})");
WriteLine(dv1.X);
var e1 = new Employee {
Name = "Marujata", DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1989, 02, 17)
};
WriteLine($"{e1.Name} was born in {e1.DateOfBirth:dddd,d MMMM yyyy}");
e1.WriteToConsole();
e1.Empcode = "sg01";
e1.Hiredate = new DateTime(2016, 08, 01);
WriteLine(e1.Name + "was hired on" + e1.Hiredate + "his code is " + e1.Empcode);
WriteLine(e1.ToString());
var e2 = new Employee {
Name = "Nomra", Empcode = "aax01"
};
Person persone = e2;
var e3 = new Person {
Name = "Thina"
};
e3.WriteToConsole();
persone.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(e2.ToString());
WriteLine(persone.ToString());
WriteLine(e3.ToString());
}
private static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
baby1.Name = "Gary";
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine(
"{0}'s first child is named \"{1}\".",
harry.Name,
harry.Children[0].Name);
// call static method
var baby3 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// call an operator
var baby4 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout; //add method to delegate field
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke(); //trigger event handler
harry.Poke();
Person[] people =
{
new() { Name = "Simon" },
new() { Name = "Jenny" },
new() { Name = "Adam" },
new() { Name = "Richard" }
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($" {person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people); //now C# will use our custom compare function from Person class
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($" {person.Name}");
}
//sorting using PersonComparer.cs
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($" {person.Name}");
}
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with a string: {gt2.Process("apple")}");
//with our generic method, we can use any valid type
var number1 = "4";
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
number1,
Squarer.Square(number1));
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}",
number2,
Squarer.Square(number2));
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X}, {dv3.Y})");
var john = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
john.WriteToConsole();
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on {john.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
//overriden to string method
WriteLine(john.ToString());
//now were gonna compare non polymorphic inheritance vs polymorphic inheritance
var aliceInEmployee = new Employee //implicit casting
{
Name = "Alice", EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole(); //calls person function despite being employee
//its better to use the virtual and override keyword tha new keyword, this allows the compiler to use the proper methods
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
var explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson; //explicit casting
try
{
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
var email1 = "*****@*****.**";
var email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
email1,
email1.IsValidEmail());
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
email2,
email2.IsValidEmail());
//the isValidEmail method appears in intellisense, since the class and method are setup as an extension for strings
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
//call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine(format: "{0}'s first child is named \"{1}\".", arg0: harry.Name, arg1: harry.Children[0].Name);
// call an operator
var baby3 = harry * mary;
// call method with internal local function
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Start += Receive_Call;
harry.ReceiveCall();
harry.ReceiveCall();
harry.ReceiveCall();
harry.ReceiveCall();
// Interfaces IComparable (allows arrays and collection to be sorted)
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
// Compare Names using IComparer Interfaces
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
// Generics
var t1 = new Thing();
t1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing with an integer: {t1.Process(42)}");
var t2 = new Thing();
t2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Thing with a string: {t2.Process("apple")}");
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with a string: {gt2.Process("apple")}");
// Working with generic methods
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}", arg0: number1, arg1: Squarer.Square <string>(number1));
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine("{0} squared is {1}", arg0: number2, arg1: Squarer.Square(number2));
// Memory Management
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X}, {dv3.Y})");
// Inheriting from classes
Employee john = new Employee {
Name = "John Jones", DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
john.WriteToConsole();
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on {john.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
WriteLine(john.ToString());
// Overriding methods
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee
{
Name = "Alice",
EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
// Casting
// Not Safe an Invalid Cast exception could appear
// Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
// is keyword
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
// safetily do something with explicitAlice
}
// as keyword
Employee aliceAsEmployee = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (aliceAsEmployee != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} AS an employee");
// do something with aliceAsEmployee
}
// Custom Exception
try
{
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
// Extension Methods
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
email1.ExtensionParameter("Test");
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine("{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}", arg0: email1, arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email1));
WriteLine("{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}", arg0: email2, arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email2));
// statements to use extension methods
WriteLine("{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}", arg0: email1, arg1: email1.IsValidEmail());
WriteLine("{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}", arg0: email1, arg1: email2.IsValidEmail());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// call operator
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name}'s first child is named \"{mary.Children[0].Name}\"");
WriteLine(new string('-', 50));
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
// delegates
WriteLine(new string('-', 50));
var p1 = new Person();
int answer = p1.MethodIWantToCall("Frog");
WriteLine(answer);
var d = new DelegateWithMatchingSignature(p1.MethodIWantToCall);
int answer2 = d("Frog");
WriteLine(answer2);
WriteLine(new string('-', 50));
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
WriteLine(new string('-', 50));
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial list for people");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine(new string('-', 50));
var t = new Thing();
t.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing : {t.Process("42")}");
// generic
var gt = new GenericThing <int>();
gt.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Generic thing: {gt.Process("42")}");
WriteLine(new string('-', 50));
Employee e1 = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
HireDate = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
e1.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(new string('-', 50));
WriteLine(e1.ToString());
WriteLine(new string('-', 50));
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee
{
Name = "Alice",
EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
Employee e2 = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
}
Employee e3 = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (e3 != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
}
WriteLine(new string('-', 50));
try
{
e1.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
e1.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
WriteLine(new string('-', 50));
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine($"{email1} is a valid e-mail address: " +
$"{email1.IsValidEmail()}");
WriteLine($"{email2} is a valid e-mail address: " +
$"{email2.IsValidEmail()}");
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// call an operator
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{harry.Name}'s first child is named \"{harry.Children[0].Name}\".");
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout;
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jenny"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
}
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
var t1 = new Thing();
t1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing with an integer: {t1.Process(42)}");
var t2 = new Thing();
t2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Thing with a string: {t2.Process("apple")}");
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with a string: {gt2.Process("apple")}");
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine($"{number1} squared is {Squarer.Square<string>(number1)}");
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine($"{number2} squared is {Squarer.Square(number2)}");
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X}, {dv3.Y})");
Employee john = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
john.WriteToConsole();
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on {john.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
WriteLine(john.ToString());
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee
{
Name = "Alice",
EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
// safely do something with explicitAlice
}
Employee aliceAsEmployee = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (aliceAsEmployee != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} AS an Employee");
// do something with aliceAsEmployee
}
try
{
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
WriteLine($"{email1} is a valid e-mail address: {StringExtensions.isValidEmail(email1)}");
WriteLine($"{email2} is a valid e-mail address: {StringExtensions.isValidEmail(email2)}");
WriteLine($"{email1} is a valid e-mail address: {email1.isValidEmail()}");
WriteLine($"{email2} is a valid e-mail address: {email2.isValidEmail()}");
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
/* Ch05 Commented for clarity while working through Chapter 06
* var bob = new Person();
* bob.Name = "Bob Smith";
* bob.DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1965, 12, 22);
* bob.FavoriteAncientWonder = WondersOfTheAncientWorld.StatusOfZeusAtOlympia;
* var alice = new Person
* {
* Name = "Alice Jones",
* DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1998, 3, 7)
* };
*
* WriteLine(format: "{0} was born on {1: dddd, d MMMM yyyy}",
* arg0: bob.Name,
* arg1: bob.DateOfBirth);
*
* WriteLine(format: "{0} was born on {1:dd MMM yy}", arg0: alice.Name,
* arg1: alice.DateOfBirth);
* WriteLine(format: "{0}'s favorite wonder is {1}. Its integer is {2}.", arg0: bob.Name, arg1: bob.FavoriteAncientWonder, arg2: (int)bob.FavoriteAncientWonder);
*
* bob.BucketList = WondersOfTheAncientWorld.HangingGardensOfBabylon | WondersOfTheAncientWorld.MausoleumAtHalicarnassus;
* // Another option is to set the value by casting 18 to the enum type, but this is more difficult to read
* // bob.BucketList = (WondersOfTheAncientWorld)18;
* WriteLine($"{bob.Name}'s bucket list is {bob.BucketList}");
*
* bob.Children.Add(new Person { Name = "Alfred" });
* bob.Children.Add(new Person { Name = "Zoe" });
* WriteLine($"{bob.Name} has {bob.Children.Count} children:");
* for (int child = 0; child < bob.Children.Count; child++)
* {
* WriteLine($"{bob.Children[child].Name}");
* }
* // as a bonus, use a foreach statement
* foreach (var children in bob.Children)
* {
* WriteLine($"{children.Name}");
* }
*
* BankAccount.InterestRate = 0.012M; // store a shared value
* var jonesAccount = new BankAccount();
* jonesAccount.AccountName = "Mrs. Jones";
* jonesAccount.Balance = 2400;
*
* WriteLine(format: "{0} earned {1:C} interest.", arg0: jonesAccount.AccountName, arg1: jonesAccount.Balance * BankAccount.InterestRate);
* var gerrierAccount = new BankAccount();
* gerrierAccount.AccountName = "Ms. Gerrier";
* gerrierAccount.Balance = 98;
*
* WriteLine(format: "{0} earned {1:C} interest", arg0: gerrierAccount.AccountName, arg1: gerrierAccount.Balance * BankAccount.InterestRate);
* WriteLine($"{bob.Name} is a {Person.Species}");
* WriteLine($"{bob.Name} was born on {bob.HomePlanet}");
* var blankPerson = new Person();
* WriteLine(format:
* "{0} of {1} was created at {2:hh:mm:ss} on a {2:dddd}.",
* arg0: blankPerson.Name,
* arg1: blankPerson.HomePlanet,
* arg2: blankPerson.Instantiated);
*
* var gunny = new Person("Gunny", "Mars");
* WriteLine(format:
* "{0} of {1} was created at {2:hh:mm:ss} on a {2:dddd}.",
* arg0: gunny.Name,
* arg1: gunny.HomePlanet,
* arg2: gunny.Instantiated);
*
* // methods
* bob.WriteToConsole();
* WriteLine(bob.GetOrigin());
*
* // using tuples
* (string, int) fruit = bob.GetFruit();
* WriteLine($"{fruit.Item1}, {fruit.Item2} there are");
*
* // named tuples
* var fruitNamed = bob.GetNamedFruit();
* WriteLine($"There are {fruitNamed.Number} {fruitNamed.Name}.");
* var thing1 = ("Neville", 4);
*
* // inferring tuple names
* WriteLine($"{thing1.Item1} has {thing1.Item2} children.");
* var thing2 = (bob.Name, bob.Children.Count);
* WriteLine($"{thing2.Name} has {thing2.Count} children.");
*
* // deconstructed
* (string fruitName, int fruitNumber) = bob.GetFruit();
* WriteLine($"Deconstructed: {fruitName}, {fruitNumber}");
*
* // passing parameters to methods + overloading methods
* WriteLine(bob.SayHello());
* WriteLine(bob.SayHello("Emily"));
*
* // optional parameters
* WriteLine(bob.OptionalParameters());
* // inferred by position
* WriteLine(bob.OptionalParameters("Jump!", 98.5));
* // select using named params
* WriteLine(bob.OptionalParameters(number: 52.7, command: "Hide!"));
* // use named parameters to skip over optional params
* WriteLine(bob.OptionalParameters("Poke!", active: false));
*
* // controlling how parameters are passed
* int a = 10;
* int b = 20;
* int c = 30;
*
* WriteLine($"Before a = {a}, b = {b}, c = {c}");
* bob.PassingParameters(a, ref b, out c);
* WriteLine($"After: a = {a}, {b} = b, c = {c}");
* int d = 10;
* int e = 20;
* WriteLine($"Before d = {d}, e = {e}, f doesn't exist yet!");
* // simplified C# 7.0 syntax for out parameter
* bob.PassingParameters(d, ref e, out int f);
* WriteLine($"After: d = {d}, e = {e}, f = {f}");
* var sam = new Person
* {
* Name = "Sam",
* DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1972, 1, 27)
* };
* WriteLine(sam.Origin);
* WriteLine(sam.Greeting);
* WriteLine(sam.Age);
* sam.FavoriteIceCream = "Chocolate Fudge";
* WriteLine($"Sam's favorite ice-cream flavor is {sam.FavoriteIceCream}.");
* sam.FavoritePrimaryColor = "Red";
* WriteLine($"Sam's favorite primary color is {sam.FavoritePrimaryColor}.");
*
* // indexers
* sam.Children.Add(new Person { Name = "Charlie" });
* sam.Children.Add(new Person { Name = "Ella" });
* WriteLine($"Sam's first child is {sam.Children[0].Name}");
* WriteLine($"Sam's second child is {sam.Children[1].Name}");
* WriteLine($"Sam's first child is {sam[0].Name}");
* WriteLine($"Sam's second child is {sam[1].Name}");
***END BLOCK COMMENT *** END BLOCK COMMENT */
var harry = new Person {
Name = "Harry"
};
var mary = new Person {
Name = "Mary"
};
var jill = new Person {
Name = "Jill"
};
// call instance method
var baby1 = mary.ProcreateWith(harry);
// call static method
var baby2 = Person.Procreate(harry, jill);
// call an operator
var baby3 = harry * mary;
WriteLine($"{harry.Name} has {harry.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{mary.Name} has {mary.Children.Count} children.");
WriteLine($"{jill.Name} has {jill.Children.Count} children");
WriteLine(format: "{0}'s first child is named \"{1}\".", arg0: harry.Name, arg1: harry.Children[0].Name);
WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
harry.Shout += Harry_Shout; // "By assigning a method, () would replace
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
harry.Poke();
Person[] people =
{
new Person {
Name = "Simon"
},
new Person {
Name = "Jimmy"
},
new Person {
Name = "Richard"
},
new Person {
Name = "Adam"
},
};
WriteLine("Initial list of people:");
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use Person's IComparable implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people);
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
WriteLine("Use PersonComparer's IComparer implementation to sort:");
Array.Sort(people, new PersonComparer());
foreach (var person in people)
{
WriteLine($"{person.Name}");
}
var t1 = new Thing();
t1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"Thing with an integer: {t1.Process(42)}");
var t2 = new Thing();
t2.Data = "apple";
WriteLine($"Thing with a string: {t2.Process("apple")}");
var gt1 = new GenericThing <int>();
gt1.Data = 42;
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an integer: {gt1.Process(42)}");
var gt2 = new GenericThing <string>();
gt2.Data = "Apple";
WriteLine($"GenericThing with an string: {gt2.Process("Apple")}");
string number1 = "4";
WriteLine($"{number1} squared is {Squarer.Square<string>(number1)}");
byte number2 = 3;
WriteLine($"{number2} squared is {Squarer.Square(number2)}");
var dv1 = new DisplacementVector(3, 5);
var dv2 = new DisplacementVector(-2, 7);
var dv3 = dv1 + dv2;
WriteLine($"({dv1.X}, {dv1.Y}) + ({dv2.X}, {dv2.Y}) = ({dv3.X}, {dv3.Y})");
Employee john = new Employee
{
Name = "John Jones",
DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1990, 7, 28)
};
john.WriteToConsole();
john.EmployeeCode = "JJ001";
john.HireDate = new DateTime(2014, 11, 23);
WriteLine($"{john.Name} was hired on {john.HireDate:dd/MM/yy}");
// Writes Packt.Shared.Employee
WriteLine(john.ToString());
Employee aliceInEmployee = new Employee
{
Name = "Alice",
EmployeeCode = "AA123"
};
Person aliceInPerson = aliceInEmployee;
aliceInEmployee.WriteToConsole();
aliceInPerson.WriteToConsole();
WriteLine(aliceInEmployee.ToString());
WriteLine(aliceInPerson.ToString());
// explicit casting
// Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
if (aliceInPerson is Employee)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} IS an Employee");
Employee explicitAlice = (Employee)aliceInPerson;
// safely do something with explicitAlice
}
Employee aliceAsEmployee = aliceInPerson as Employee;
if (aliceAsEmployee != null)
{
WriteLine($"{nameof(aliceInPerson)} AS an Employee");
// do something with aliceAsEmployee
}
// Inheriting Exceptions
try
{
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1999, 12, 31));
john.TimeTravel(new DateTime(1950, 12, 25));
}
catch (PersonException ex)
{
WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
// Using Static methods to reuse functionality
string email1 = "*****@*****.**";
string email2 = "ian&test.com";
/*
* WriteLine(
* "{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
* arg0: email1,
* arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email1));
* WriteLine(
* "{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
* arg0: email2,
* arg1: StringExtensions.IsValidEmail(email2));
*/
// Using Extension Methods to reuse functionality
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email1,
arg1: email1.IsValidEmail());
WriteLine(
"{0} is a valid e-mail address: {1}",
arg0: email2,
arg1: email2.IsValidEmail());
}