/// <summary>
/// The VMCS scan is based on the LINK pointer, abort code and CR3 register
/// We later isolate the EPTP based on constraints for that pointer
/// </summary>
/// <param name="xoffset"></param>
/// <returns>true if the page being scanned is a candidate</returns>
public bool VMCS(long xoffset)
{
var RevID = (REVISION_ID)(block[0] & 0xffffffff);
var Acode = (VMCS_ABORT)((block[0] >> 32) & 0x7fffffff);
var KnownAbortCode = false;
var KnownRevision = false;
var Candidate = false;
var LinkCount = 0;
var Neg1 = -1;
if (ScanForVMCSset == null)
throw new NullReferenceException("Entered VMCS callback w/o having found any VMCS, this is a second pass Func");
// this might be a bit micro-opt-pointless ;)
KnownRevision = typeof(REVISION_ID).GetEnumValues().Cast<REVISION_ID>().Any(x => x == RevID);
KnownAbortCode = typeof(VMCS_ABORT).GetEnumValues().Cast<VMCS_ABORT>().Any(x => x == Acode);
// TODO: Relax link pointer check. Possible when VMCS is shadow, then the link pointer is configured, retest this detection/nesting etc..
// Find a 64bit value for link ptr
for (int l = 0; l < block.Length; l++)
{
if (block[l] == Neg1)
LinkCount++;
// too many
if (LinkCount > 32)
return false;
}
// Currently, we expect to have 1 Link pointer at least
if (LinkCount == 0 || !KnownAbortCode)
return false;
// curr width of line to screen
Candidate = false;
Parallel.For(0, ScanForVMCSset.Length, (v) =>
{
var ScanFor = ScanForVMCSset[v];
for (int check = 1; check < block.Length; check++)
{
if (block[check] == ScanFor.CR3Value && Candidate == false)
{
var OutputList = new List<long>();
StringBuilder sb = null, sbRED = null;
byte[] shorted = null;
var curr_width = 0;
if (Vtero.VerboseOutput)
{
sb = new StringBuilder();
// reverse endianness for easy reading in hex dumps/editors
shorted = BitConverter.GetBytes(block[check]);
Array.Reverse(shorted, 0, 8);
var Converted = BitConverter.ToUInt64(shorted, 0);
sbRED = new StringBuilder();
sbRED.Append($"Hypervisor: VMCS revision field: {RevID} [{((uint)RevID):X8}] abort indicator: {Acode} [{((int)Acode):X8}]{Environment.NewLine}");
sbRED.Append($"Hypervisor: {ScanFor.PageTableType} CR3 found [{ScanFor.CR3Value:X16})] byte-swapped: [{Converted:X16}] @ PAGE/File Offset = [{xoffset:X16}]");
}
for (int i = 0; i < block.Length; i++)
{
var value = block[i];
var eptp = new EPTP(value);
// any good minimum size? 64kb?
if (block[i] > 0
&& block[i] < FileSize
&& eptp.IsFullyValidated()
// && EPTP.IsValid(eptp.aEPTP) && EPTP.IsValid2(eptp.aEPTP) && EPTP.IsValidEntry(eptp.aEPTP)
&& !OutputList.Contains(block[i]))
{
Candidate = true;
OutputList.Add(block[i]);
if (Vtero.VerboseOutput)
{
var linefrag = $"[{i}][{block[i]:X16}] ";
if (curr_width + linefrag.Length > MAX_LINE_WIDTH)
{
sb.Append(Environment.NewLine);
curr_width = 0;
}
sb.Append(linefrag);
curr_width += linefrag.Length;
}
}
}
if (Candidate && Vtero.VerboseOutput)
{
WColor(ConsoleColor.Red, ConsoleColor.Black, sbRED.ToString().PadRight(WindowWidth));
WColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGreen, ConsoleColor.Black, sb.ToString().PadRight(WindowWidth));
}
// most VMWare I've scanned comes are using this layout
// we know VMWare well so ignore any other potential candidates // TODO: Constantly Verify assumption's
if (RevID == REVISION_ID.VMWARE_NESTED && OutputList.Contains(block[14]))
{
var vmcsFound = new VMCS { dp = ScanFor, EPTP = block[14], gCR3 = ScanFor.CR3Value, Offset = xoffset };
HVLayer.Add(vmcsFound);
}
else
foreach (var entry in OutputList)
HVLayer.Add(new VMCS { dp = ScanFor, EPTP = entry, gCR3 = ScanFor.CR3Value, Offset = xoffset });
}
}
});
return Candidate;
}
/// <summary>
/// The VMCS scan is based on the LINK pointer, abort code and CR3 register
/// We later isolate the EPTP based on constraints for that pointer
/// </summary>
/// <param name="xoffset"></param>
/// <returns>true if the page being scanned is a candidate</returns>
public bool VMCS(long xoffset)
{
var RevID = (REVISION_ID)(block[0] & 0xffffffff);
var Acode = (VMCS_ABORT)((block[0] >> 32) & 0x7fffffff);
var KnownAbortCode = false;
var KnownRevision = false;
var Candidate = false;
var LinkCount = 0;
var Neg1 = -1;
if(VMCSScanSet == null)
throw new NullReferenceException("Entered VMCS callback w/o having found any VMCS, this is a second pass Func") ;
// this might be a bit micro-opt-pointless ;)
//Parallel.Invoke(() =>
//{
KnownRevision = typeof(REVISION_ID).GetEnumValues().Cast<REVISION_ID>().Any(x => x == RevID);
//}, () =>
//{
KnownAbortCode = typeof(VMCS_ABORT).GetEnumValues().Cast<VMCS_ABORT>().Any(x => x == Acode);
//});
// TODO: Link pointer may not always be needed, evaluate removing this constraint
// Find a 64bit value for link ptr
for (int l = 0; l < block.Length; l++)
{
if (block[l] == Neg1)
LinkCount++;
// too many
if (LinkCount > 32)
return false;
}
// Currently, we expect to have 1 Link pointer at least
if (LinkCount == 0 || !KnownAbortCode)
return false;
// curr width of line to screen
Candidate = false;
Parallel.For(0, VMCSScanSet.Length, (v) =>
{
var vmcs_entry = VMCSScanSet[v];
for (int check = 1; check < block.Length; check++)
{
if (block[check] == vmcs_entry.CR3Value && Candidate == false)
{
var OutputList = new List<long>();
StringBuilder sb = null, sbRED = null;
byte[] shorted = null;
var curr_width = 0;
if (Vtero.VerboseOutput)
{
sb = new StringBuilder();
// reverse endianess for easy reading in hex dumps/editors
shorted = BitConverter.GetBytes(block[check]);
Array.Reverse(shorted, 0, 8);
var Converted = BitConverter.ToUInt64(shorted, 0);
sbRED = new StringBuilder();
sbRED.Append($"Hypervisor: VMCS revision field: {RevID} [{((uint)RevID):X8}] abort indicator: {Acode} [{((int)Acode):X8}]{Environment.NewLine}");
sbRED.Append($"Hypervisor: {vmcs_entry.PageTableType} CR3 found [{vmcs_entry.CR3Value:X16})] byte-swapped: [{Converted:X16}] @ PAGE/File Offset = [{xoffset:X16}]");
}
for (int i = 0; i < block.Length; i++)
{
var eptp = new EPTP(block[i]);
// any good minimum size? 64kb?
if (block[i] > 0
&& block[i] < FileSize
&& eptp.IsFullyValidated()
&& !OutputList.Contains(block[i]))
{
Candidate = true;
OutputList.Add(block[i]);
if (Vtero.VerboseOutput)
{
var linefrag = $"[{i}][{block[i]:X16}] ";
if (curr_width + linefrag.Length > MAX_LINE_WIDTH)
{
sb.Append(Environment.NewLine);
curr_width = 0;
}
sb.Append(linefrag);
curr_width += linefrag.Length;
}
}
}
if (Candidate && Vtero.VerboseOutput)
{
ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red;
WriteLine(sbRED.ToString());
ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.DarkGreen;
WriteLine(sb.ToString());
}
VMCS vmcsFound = null;
// most VMWare I've scanned comes are using this layout
if (RevID == REVISION_ID.VMWARE_NESTED && OutputList.Contains(block[14]))
vmcsFound = new VMCS { dp = vmcs_entry, EPTP = block[14], gCR3 = vmcs_entry.CR3Value };
else if (OutputList.Count() == 1)
vmcsFound = new net.VMCS { dp = vmcs_entry, EPTP = OutputList[0], gCR3 = vmcs_entry.CR3Value };
if (vmcsFound != null)
HVLayer.Add(vmcsFound);
}
}
});
return Candidate;
}
/// <summary>
/// The VMCS scan is based on the LINK pointer, abort code and CR3 register
/// We later isolate the EPTP based on constraints for that pointer
/// </summary>
/// <param name="xoffset"></param>
/// <returns>true if the page being scanned is a candidate</returns>
public bool VMCS(long xoffset)
{
var RevID = (REVISION_ID)(block[0] & 0xffffffff);
var Acode = (VMCS_ABORT)((block[0] >> 32) & 0x7fffffff);
var KnownAbortCode = false;
var KnownRevision = false;
var Candidate = false;
var LinkCount = 0;
var Neg1 = -1;
if (VMCSScanSet == null)
{
throw new NullReferenceException("Entered VMCS callback w/o having found any VMCS, this is a second pass Func");
}
// this might be a bit micro-opt-pointless ;)
//Parallel.Invoke(() =>
//{
KnownRevision = typeof(REVISION_ID).GetEnumValues().Cast <REVISION_ID>().Any(x => x == RevID);
//}, () =>
//{
KnownAbortCode = typeof(VMCS_ABORT).GetEnumValues().Cast <VMCS_ABORT>().Any(x => x == Acode);
//});
// TODO: Link pointer may not always be needed, evaluate removing this constraint
// Find a 64bit value for link ptr
for (int l = 0; l < block.Length; l++)
{
if (block[l] == Neg1)
{
LinkCount++;
}
// too many
if (LinkCount > 32)
{
return(false);
}
}
// Currently, we expect to have 1 Link pointer at least
if (LinkCount == 0 || !KnownAbortCode)
{
return(false);
}
// curr width of line to screen
Candidate = false;
Parallel.For(0, VMCSScanSet.Length, (v) =>
{
var vmcs_entry = VMCSScanSet[v];
for (int check = 1; check < block.Length; check++)
{
if (block[check] == vmcs_entry.CR3Value && Candidate == false)
{
var OutputList = new List <long>();
StringBuilder sb = null, sbRED = null;
byte[] shorted = null;
var curr_width = 0;
if (Vtero.VerboseOutput)
{
sb = new StringBuilder();
// reverse endianess for easy reading in hex dumps/editors
shorted = BitConverter.GetBytes(block[check]);
Array.Reverse(shorted, 0, 8);
var Converted = BitConverter.ToUInt64(shorted, 0);
sbRED = new StringBuilder();
sbRED.Append($"Hypervisor: VMCS revision field: {RevID} [{((uint)RevID):X8}] abort indicator: {Acode} [{((int)Acode):X8}]{Environment.NewLine}");
sbRED.Append($"Hypervisor: {vmcs_entry.PageTableType} CR3 found [{vmcs_entry.CR3Value:X16})] byte-swapped: [{Converted:X16}] @ PAGE/File Offset = [{xoffset:X16}]");
}
for (int i = 0; i < block.Length; i++)
{
var eptp = new EPTP(block[i]);
// any good minimum size? 64kb?
if (block[i] > 0 &&
block[i] < FileSize &&
eptp.IsFullyValidated() &&
!OutputList.Contains(block[i]))
{
Candidate = true;
OutputList.Add(block[i]);
if (Vtero.VerboseOutput)
{
var linefrag = $"[{i}][{block[i]:X16}] ";
if (curr_width + linefrag.Length > MAX_LINE_WIDTH)
{
sb.Append(Environment.NewLine);
curr_width = 0;
}
sb.Append(linefrag);
curr_width += linefrag.Length;
}
}
}
if (Candidate && Vtero.VerboseOutput)
{
ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red;
WriteLine(sbRED.ToString());
ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.DarkGreen;
WriteLine(sb.ToString());
}
VMCS vmcsFound = null;
// most VMWare I've scanned comes are using this layout
if (RevID == REVISION_ID.VMWARE_NESTED && OutputList.Contains(block[14]))
{
vmcsFound = new VMCS {
dp = vmcs_entry, EPTP = block[14], gCR3 = vmcs_entry.CR3Value
}
}
;
else if (OutputList.Count() == 1)
{
vmcsFound = new net.VMCS {
dp = vmcs_entry, EPTP = OutputList[0], gCR3 = vmcs_entry.CR3Value
}
}
;
if (vmcsFound != null)
{
HVLayer.Add(vmcsFound);
}
}
}
});
return(Candidate);
}
// Translates virtual address to physical address by way of CR3->EPTP double dereferencing (up to 24 loads)
public HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY VirtualToPhysical(HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY eptp, HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY aCR3, long Addr)
{
var rv = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MinAddr;
var va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(Addr);
var gVa = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(aCR3.PTE);
var Attempted = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MinAddr;
var ConvertedV2hP = new List <HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY>();
try
{
Attempted = gVa.Address;
//convert Guest CR3 gPA into Host CR3 pPA
var gpaCR3 = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gVa.Address);
//Console.WriteLine($"In V2P2P, using CR3 {aCR3.PTE:X16}, found guest phys CR3 {gpaCR3.PTE:X16}, attempting load of PML4E from {(gpaCR3 | va.PML4):X16}");
// gPML4E - as we go were getting gPA's which need to pPA
Attempted = gpaCR3.NextTableAddress | va.PML4;
var gPML4E = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2hP.Add(gPML4E);
//Console.WriteLine($"guest PML4E = {gPML4E}");
// take CR3 and extract gPhys for VA we want to query
var hPML4E = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gPML4E.NextTableAddress);
if (EPTP.IsValid(hPML4E.PTE) && EPTP.IsValid2(hPML4E.PTE) && HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.IsBadEntry(hPML4E))
{
Attempted = hPML4E.NextTableAddress | (va.DirectoryPointerOffset << 3);
var gPDPTE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2hP.Add(gPDPTE);
var hPDPTE = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gPDPTE.NextTableAddress);
if (EPTP.IsValid(hPDPTE.PTE))
{
if (!EPTP.IsLargePDPTE(hPDPTE.PTE))
{
if (EPTP.IsValid2(hPDPTE.PTE))
{
Attempted = hPDPTE.NextTableAddress | (va.DirectoryOffset << 3);
var gPDE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2hP.Add(gPDE);
var hPDE = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gPDE.NextTableAddress);
if (EPTP.IsValid(hPDE.PTE))
{
if (!EPTP.IsLargePDE(hPDE.PTE))
{
if (EPTP.IsValid2(hPDE.PTE))
{
Attempted = hPDE.NextTableAddress | (va.TableOffset << 3);
var gPTE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2hP.Add(gPTE);
var hPTE = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gPTE.NextTableAddress);
if (EPTP.IsValidEntry(hPTE.PTE))
{
rv = hPTE.NextTableAddress | va.Offset;
}
}
}
else
{
rv = (hPDE.PTE & 0xFFFFFFE00000) | va.TableOffset; //(Addr & 0x1FFFFF);
}
}
}
}
else
{
rv = (hPDPTE.PTE & 0xFFFFC0000000) | va.DirectoryOffset; //(Addr & 0x3FFFFFFF);
}
}
}
}
catch (PageNotFoundException ex)
{
throw new ExtendedPageNotFoundException(
$"V2gP2hP conversion error. EPTP:{eptp}, CR3:{aCR3}, Requesting:{Attempted} Step:{ConvertedV2hP.Count()}. Step of 0 may indicate invalid EPTP.{Environment.NewLine}"
, eptp, aCR3, Attempted, ConvertedV2hP, ex);
}
return(rv);
}
/// <summary>
/// The VMCS scan is based on the LINK pointer, abort code and CR3 register
/// We later isolate the EPTP based on constraints for that pointer
/// </summary>
/// <param name="xoffset"></param>
/// <returns>true if the page being scanned is a candidate</returns>
public bool VMCS(int bo, long xoffset)
{
var RevID = (REVISION_ID)(block[bo + 0] & 0xffffffff);
var Acode = (VMCS_ABORT)((block[bo + 0] >> 32) & 0x7fffffff);
var KnownAbortCode = false;
var KnownRevision = false;
var Candidate = false;
var LinkCount = 0;
var Neg1 = -1;
if (ScanForVMCSset == null)
{
throw new NullReferenceException("Entered VMCS callback w/o having found any VMCS, this is a second pass Func");
}
// this might be a bit micro-opt-pointless ;)
KnownRevision = typeof(REVISION_ID).GetEnumValues().Cast <REVISION_ID>().Any(x => x == RevID);
KnownAbortCode = typeof(VMCS_ABORT).GetEnumValues().Cast <VMCS_ABORT>().Any(x => x == Acode);
// TODO: Relax link pointer check. Possible when VMCS is shadow, then the link pointer is configured, retest this detection/nesting etc..
// Find a 64bit value for link ptr
for (int l = 0; l < block.Length; l++)
{
if (block[bo + l] == Neg1)
{
LinkCount++;
}
// too many
if (LinkCount > 32)
{
return(false);
}
}
// Currently, we expect to have 1 Link pointer at least
if (LinkCount == 0 || !KnownAbortCode)
{
return(false);
}
// curr width of line to screen
Candidate = false;
Parallel.For(0, ScanForVMCSset.Length, (v) =>
{
var ScanFor = ScanForVMCSset[v];
for (int check = 1; check < block.Length; check++)
{
if (block[bo + check] == ScanFor.CR3Value && Candidate == false)
{
var OutputList = new List <long>();
StringBuilder sb = null, sbRED = null;
byte[] shorted = null;
var curr_width = 0;
if (Vtero.VerboseOutput)
{
sb = new StringBuilder();
// reverse endianness for easy reading in hex dumps/editors
shorted = BitConverter.GetBytes(block[bo + check]);
Array.Reverse(shorted, 0, 8);
var Converted = BitConverter.ToUInt64(shorted, 0);
sbRED = new StringBuilder();
sbRED.Append($"Hypervisor: VMCS revision field: {RevID} [{((uint)RevID):X8}] abort indicator: {Acode} [{((int)Acode):X8}]{Environment.NewLine}");
sbRED.Append($"Hypervisor: {ScanFor.PageTableType} CR3 found [{ScanFor.CR3Value:X16})] byte-swapped: [{Converted:X16}] @ PAGE/File Offset = [{xoffset:X16}]");
}
for (int i = 0; i < block.Length; i++)
{
var value = block[bo + i];
var eptp = new EPTP(value);
// any good minimum size? 64kb?
if (block[bo + i] > 0 &&
block[bo + i] < FileSize &&
eptp.IsFullyValidated()
// && EPTP.IsValid(eptp.aEPTP) && EPTP.IsValid2(eptp.aEPTP) && EPTP.IsValidEntry(eptp.aEPTP)
&& !OutputList.Contains(block[bo + i]))
{
Candidate = true;
OutputList.Add(block[bo + i]);
if (Vtero.VerboseOutput)
{
var linefrag = $"[{i}][{block[bo + i]:X16}] ";
if (curr_width + linefrag.Length > MAX_LINE_WIDTH)
{
sb.Append(Environment.NewLine);
curr_width = 0;
}
sb.Append(linefrag);
curr_width += linefrag.Length;
}
}
}
if (Candidate && Vtero.VerboseOutput)
{
WColor(ConsoleColor.Red, ConsoleColor.Black, sbRED.ToString().PadRight(WindowWidth));
WColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGreen, ConsoleColor.Black, sb.ToString().PadRight(WindowWidth));
}
// most VMWare I've scanned comes are using this layout
// we know VMWare well so ignore any other potential candidates // TODO: Constantly Verify assumption's
if (RevID == REVISION_ID.VMWARE_NESTED && OutputList.Contains(block[bo + 14]))
{
var vmcsFound = new VMCS {
dp = ScanFor, EPTP = block[bo + 14], gCR3 = ScanFor.CR3Value, Offset = xoffset
};
HVLayer.Add(vmcsFound);
}
else
{
foreach (var entry in OutputList)
{
HVLayer.Add(new VMCS {
dp = ScanFor, EPTP = entry, gCR3 = ScanFor.CR3Value, Offset = xoffset
});
}
}
}
}
});
return(Candidate);
}