/// <summary>
/// Detects all normal (not primary, not boot) disks, and gathers attributes about each.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hadError"></param>
/// <param name="errorMessage"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<DetectedDisk> Detect(bool doGatherSmartData, out Boolean hadError, out String errorMessage)
{
// Inititialize out parameters.
hadError = false;
errorMessage = null;
// Initialize return object.
List<DetectedDisk> detectedDisks = new List<DetectedDisk>();
// Assume primary and boot partitions are both Physical Disk 0.
UInt32 primaryPartitionDiskNumber = 0;
UInt32 bootPartitionDiskNumber = 0;
// Keep track of errors encountered while iterating disks.
List<string> diskIterationErrors = new List<string>();
// Get the list of Win32_DiskDrive items.
List<Win32_DiskDrive> w32diskDrives;
try
{
w32diskDrives = GetDiskDrives();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
hadError = true;
errorMessage = "Error while retrieving disk drives: " + ex.Message;
w32diskDrives = new List<Win32_DiskDrive>();
}
foreach (Win32_DiskDrive w32diskDrive in w32diskDrives)
{
try
{
if (w32diskDrive.Index.HasValue)
{
// Skip this if it is the hosting the boot partition or primary partition.
if ((w32diskDrive.Index.Value != primaryPartitionDiskNumber) && (w32diskDrive.Index.Value != bootPartitionDiskNumber))
{
// Make sure it has the other attributes we need.
if ((w32diskDrive.Size.HasValue) &&
(w32diskDrive.BytesPerSector.HasValue) &&
(w32diskDrive.SectorsPerTrack.HasValue) &&
(w32diskDrive.TotalTracks.HasValue))
{
// This is one we want, as a detected disk.
DetectedDisk disk = new DetectedDisk();
// Parse the Vendor and ProductId out of the PNPDeviceId.
string vendor = "UNK";
string productId = "UNK";
string pnpDeviceId = w32diskDrive.PNPDeviceID;
if (false == String.IsNullOrEmpty(pnpDeviceId))
{
// EXAMPLE: SCSI\DISK&VEN_WDC&PROD_WD3200BEKX-75B7W\4&2C8732C3&0&000000
string[] pnpThreePartsArray = pnpDeviceId.Split('\\');
if (pnpThreePartsArray.Length >= 2)
{
string[] typeVenProdRevArray = pnpThreePartsArray[1].Split('&');
foreach (string part in typeVenProdRevArray)
{
if (part.StartsWith("VEN_"))
{
vendor = part.Substring(("VEN_").Length);
}
if (part.StartsWith("PROD_"))
{
productId = part.Substring(("PROD_").Length);
}
}
}
}
disk.DiskNumber = w32diskDrive.Index.Value;
disk.Vendor = vendor;
disk.ProductId = productId;
//Data From Win32_DiskDrive Below
disk.Availability = w32diskDrive.Availability;
disk.BytesPerSector = w32diskDrive.BytesPerSector;
disk.Capabilities = w32diskDrive.Capabilities;
disk.CapabilityDescriptions = w32diskDrive.CapabilityDescriptions;
disk.Caption = w32diskDrive.Caption;
disk.CompressionMethod = w32diskDrive.CompressionMethod;
disk.ConfigManagerErrorCode = w32diskDrive.ConfigManagerErrorCode;
disk.ConfigManagerUserConfig = w32diskDrive.ConfigManagerUserConfig;
disk.CreationClassName = w32diskDrive.CreationClassName;
disk.DefaultBlockSize = w32diskDrive.DefaultBlockSize;
disk.Description = w32diskDrive.Description;
disk.DeviceID = w32diskDrive.DeviceID;
disk.ErrorCleared = w32diskDrive.ErrorCleared;
disk.ErrorDescription = w32diskDrive.ErrorDescription;
disk.ErrorMethodology = w32diskDrive.ErrorMethodology;
disk.FirmwareRevision = w32diskDrive.FirmwareRevision;
disk.Index = w32diskDrive.Index;
disk.InstallDate = w32diskDrive.InstallDate;
disk.InterfaceType = w32diskDrive.InterfaceType;
disk.Manufacturer = w32diskDrive.Manufacturer;
disk.MaxBlockSize = w32diskDrive.MaxBlockSize;
disk.MaxMediaSize = w32diskDrive.MaxMediaSize;
disk.MediaLoaded = w32diskDrive.MediaLoaded;
disk.MediaType = w32diskDrive.MediaType;
disk.MinBlockSize = w32diskDrive.MinBlockSize;
disk.Model = w32diskDrive.Model;
disk.Name = w32diskDrive.Name;
disk.NeedsCleaning = w32diskDrive.NeedsCleaning;
disk.NumberOfMediaSupported = w32diskDrive.NumberOfMediaSupported;
disk.Partitions = w32diskDrive.Partitions;
disk.PNPDeviceID = w32diskDrive.PNPDeviceID;
disk.PowerManagementCapabilities = w32diskDrive.PowerManagementCapabilities;
disk.PowerManagementSupported = w32diskDrive.PowerManagementSupported;
disk.SCSIBus = w32diskDrive.SCSIBus;
disk.SCSILogicalUnit = w32diskDrive.SCSILogicalUnit;
disk.SCSIPort = w32diskDrive.SCSIPort;
disk.SCSITargetId = w32diskDrive.SCSITargetId;
disk.SectorsPerTrack = w32diskDrive.SectorsPerTrack;
disk.SerialNumber = String.IsNullOrEmpty(w32diskDrive.SerialNumber) ? "" : w32diskDrive.SerialNumber.Trim();
disk.Signature = w32diskDrive.Signature;
disk.Size = w32diskDrive.Size;
disk.Status = w32diskDrive.Status;
disk.StatusInfo = w32diskDrive.StatusInfo;
disk.SystemCreationClassName = w32diskDrive.SystemCreationClassName;
disk.SystemName = w32diskDrive.SystemName;
disk.TotalCylinders = w32diskDrive.TotalCylinders;
disk.TotalHeads = w32diskDrive.TotalHeads;
disk.TotalSectors = w32diskDrive.TotalSectors;
disk.TotalTracks = w32diskDrive.TotalTracks;
disk.TracksPerCylinder = w32diskDrive.TracksPerCylinder;
detectedDisks.Add(disk);
}
else
{
diskIterationErrors.Add("Physical Disk " + w32diskDrive.Index.Value.ToString() + " is missing fundamental attributes.");
continue; // Jump out without adding it to the collection to return.
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
if ((null != w32diskDrive) && (w32diskDrive.Index.HasValue))
{
diskIterationErrors.Add("Unexpected error while processing Physical Disk " + w32diskDrive.Index.Value.ToString() + ": " + ex.Message);
continue; // Jump out without adding it to the collection to return.
}
else
{
diskIterationErrors.Add("Unexpected error while processing Physical Disk: " + ex.Message);
continue; // Jump out without adding it to the collection to return.
}
}
}
// See if we had any errors while iterating the disks.
if (false == hadError)
{
if (diskIterationErrors.Count > 0)
{
hadError = true;
errorMessage = "Encountered errors while iterating disks: " + String.Join("; ", diskIterationErrors);
}
}
if (false == hadError)
{
// Since gathering SMART data can take a while, we don't do it unless caller wants us to.
if (doGatherSmartData)
{
if (false == File.Exists(SMARTCTL_FULL_FILE_PATH))
{
hadError = true;
errorMessage = "Unable to find third-party SMARTCTL software at: " + SMARTCTL_FULL_FILE_PATH;
}
else
{
try
{
// Grab the SMART-related data for the detected disks.
populateSmartAttributes_againstSmartctl(SMARTCTL_FULL_FILE_PATH, detectedDisks);
// Consider the SMART-related data, and apply the SMART grades.
foreach (DetectedDisk disk in detectedDisks)
{
// Interpret the SMART output only if it is available and enabled.
if (disk.SmartSupport == DiskSmartSupport.AvailableAndEnabled)
{
var smartAttributeFailures = disk.SmartAttributes.Values.Where(sav => false == sav.IsOK);
if (true == smartAttributeFailures.Any())
{
// Okay, we know there is at least one failure reported by the SMART attributes.
// We will want to list out the problems.
// So see if there was also an overall failure.
string smartGrade = "FAILED";
if (disk.OverallFailurePredicted.HasValue && disk.OverallFailurePredicted.Value)
{
// Also an overall failure.
smartGrade += " [overall failure predicted; also failures with SMART attributes: ";
}
else
{
// No overall failure predicted, but at least one SMART attribute failure reported.
smartGrade += " [failures with SMART attributes: ";
}
bool isFirstFailure = true;
foreach (var failure in smartAttributeFailures)
{
if (false == isFirstFailure)
{
smartGrade += ", ";
}
smartGrade += failure.AttributeDescription;
}
smartGrade += "]";
disk.SmartGrade = smartGrade;
disk.SmartPassed = false;
}
else
{
if (disk.OverallFailurePredicted.HasValue)
{
if (disk.OverallFailurePredicted.Value)
{
disk.SmartGrade = "FAILED [overall failure predicted]";
disk.SmartPassed = false;
}
else
{
// We want to let the user know if we are passing it based on only the crude check (without detailed SMART data).
if (disk.SmartAttributes.Values.Any())
{
// We had some detailed SMART data, yet nothing to cause failure.
disk.SmartGrade = "PASSED [found SMART attributes]";
disk.SmartPassed = true;
}
else
{
// We are passing it on the crude check, without any detailed SMART data.
disk.SmartGrade = "PASSED [no SMART attributes found]";
disk.SmartPassed = true;
}
}
}
else
{
// We really don't know.
disk.SmartGrade = "UNK [unable to find overall failure indicator]";
disk.SmartPassed = null; // To indicate unknown.
}
}
}
else
{
// SMART is not available and enabled on the disk.
if (disk.SmartSupport == DiskSmartSupport.Unavailable)
{
disk.SmartGrade = "UNK [SMART unavailable]";
disk.SmartPassed = null; // To indicate unknown.
}
else if (disk.SmartSupport == DiskSmartSupport.AvailableButDisabled)
{
disk.SmartGrade = "UNK [SMART disabled]";
disk.SmartPassed = null; // To indicate unknown.
}
else
{
disk.SmartGrade = "UNK [unable to determine SMART support]";
disk.SmartPassed = null; // To indicate unknown.
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
hadError = true;
errorMessage = "Encountered unexpected error while gathering SMART data: " + ex.Message;
}
}
}
}
return detectedDisks;
}
private void populateSmartAttributesForDisk_againstSmartctl(string smartCtlExeFullPath, DetectedDisk disk, string forceDeviceType = null)
{
// Build up the command that will gather all SMART information for a given physical disk.
string command = null;
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(forceDeviceType))
{
// Call the normal routine to gather all SMART data, letting it determine the device type by itself.
command = @"""" + smartCtlExeFullPath + @"""" + " -a /dev/pd" + disk.DiskNumber.ToString();
}
else
{
// Rather than rely on SMARTCTL to determine the device type, force it to treat it as a certain device type, because we have found
// that it doesn't always choose the correct device type, by itself. And when it has the wrong device type, it will incorrectly
// report that SMART support is unavailable.
command = @"""" + smartCtlExeFullPath + @"""" + " -a -d " + forceDeviceType + " /dev/pd" + disk.DiskNumber.ToString();
}
System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo procStartInfo = new System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo("cmd", "/c " + command);
procStartInfo.WindowStyle = System.Diagnostics.ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden;
procStartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
procStartInfo.RedirectStandardError = false;
procStartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
procStartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
System.Diagnostics.Process proc = new System.Diagnostics.Process();
proc.StartInfo = procStartInfo;
proc.Start();
string standardOutput = proc.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd(); // Seems odd to read to end before waiting for exit, but that's what ol' MSDN tells us to do.
proc.WaitForExit();
if (false == String.IsNullOrEmpty(standardOutput))
{
// Grab a copy of the big old output.
disk.SmartctlOutput = standardOutput;
string[] outputLines = standardOutput.Split(new string[] { Environment.NewLine }, StringSplitOptions.None);
// Read SMART support and rotation rate, which is in the information section.
// Seek past the header line that denotes the information section, and parse out the lines that speak to SMART support and rotation rate.
bool isPastInfoSectionHeader = false;
string supportLabel = "SMART support is: ";
string rotationRateLabel = "Rotation Rate: ";
bool foundSupportLabels = false;
bool supportIsAvailable = false;
bool supportIsEnabled = false;
for (int lineIdx = 0; lineIdx < outputLines.Length; lineIdx++)
{
string line = outputLines[lineIdx];
if ((false == isPastInfoSectionHeader) && (line.StartsWith("=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===")))
{
isPastInfoSectionHeader = true;
}
else if (isPastInfoSectionHeader)
{
if (line.StartsWith("=== START"))
{
// Start of the next section, so we are past the area that reveals SMART support and rotation rate.
break;
}
else
{
// This is in the first chunk of lines after the information section header, where we find the SMART support indicators and rotation rate.
if (line.StartsWith(supportLabel))
{
foundSupportLabels = true;
string supportValue = line.Substring(supportLabel.Length).Trim();
if (supportValue.StartsWith("Available"))
{
supportIsAvailable = true;
}
else if (supportValue.StartsWith("Enabled"))
{
supportIsEnabled = true;
}
}
else if (line.StartsWith(rotationRateLabel))
{
// Found the rotation rate.
disk.SmartRotationRate = line.Substring(rotationRateLabel.Length).Trim();
}
}
}
}
if (foundSupportLabels)
{
if (supportIsAvailable)
{
if (supportIsEnabled)
{
disk.SmartSupport = DiskSmartSupport.AvailableAndEnabled;
}
else
{
disk.SmartSupport = DiskSmartSupport.AvailableButDisabled;
}
}
else
{
disk.SmartSupport = DiskSmartSupport.Unavailable;
}
}
// Look for additional SMART information only if SMART support is available and enabled.
if (disk.SmartSupport == DiskSmartSupport.AvailableAndEnabled)
{
// Read SMART overall health test result (or health status, as not every drive supports self test logging).
// Seek past the header line that denotes the data section, and parse out the line that speaks to the SMART overall health test result (or health status).
bool isPastDataSectionHeader = false;
string overallTestResultLabel = "SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: ";
string healthStatusLabel = "SMART Health Status: ";
for (int lineIdx = 0; lineIdx < outputLines.Length; lineIdx++)
{
string line = outputLines[lineIdx];
if ((false == isPastDataSectionHeader) && (line.StartsWith("=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===")))
{
isPastDataSectionHeader = true;
}
else if (isPastDataSectionHeader)
{
if (line.StartsWith("=== START"))
{
// Start of the next section, so we are past the area that reveals SMART overall health test result (or health status).
break;
}
else
{
// This is in the first chunk of lines after the data section header, where we find the SMART overall health test result (or health status).
if (line.StartsWith(overallTestResultLabel))
{
string overallTestResultValue = line.Substring(overallTestResultLabel.Length).Trim();
if (overallTestResultValue.StartsWith("PASSED"))
{
disk.OverallFailurePredicted = false;
}
else
{
disk.OverallFailurePredicted = true;
}
}
else if (line.StartsWith(healthStatusLabel))
{
// Remember, no every drive supports self test logging, so on these disks we read the health status instead.
string healthStatusResultValue = line.Substring(healthStatusLabel.Length).Trim();
if (healthStatusResultValue == "OK")
{
disk.OverallFailurePredicted = false;
}
else
{
disk.OverallFailurePredicted = true;
}
}
}
}
}
// Read SMART attributes.
// Seek past the header line that appears above the attribute lines, then parse the attribute lines.
bool isPastAttrHeader = false;
bool hadErrorParsingAttributes = false;
for (int lineIdx = 0; lineIdx < outputLines.Length; lineIdx++)
{
string line = outputLines[lineIdx];
if ((false == isPastAttrHeader) && (line.StartsWith("ID#")))
{
isPastAttrHeader = true;
}
else if (isPastAttrHeader)
{
if (line.Trim().Length == 0)
{
// First blank line after listing the attributes, which means there are no more attributes listed.
break;
}
else
{
// This must be an attribute line.
bool hadParseError = false;
int smartAttributeId = -1;
string attributeName = null;
int value = 0;
int worst = 0;
int thresh = 0;
string attrType = null;
string rawValue = null;
parseSmartctlAttributeOutputLine(line, out hadParseError, out smartAttributeId, out attributeName, out value, out worst, out thresh, out attrType, out rawValue);
if (hadParseError)
{
// Keep track of the error.
hadErrorParsingAttributes = true;
}
else if (false == disk.SmartAttributes.ContainsKey(smartAttributeId))
{
DetectedDisk.SmartAttribute attr = new DetectedDisk.SmartAttribute(attributeName);
attr.AttributeType = attrType;
attr.Current = value;
attr.Worst = worst;
attr.RawValue = rawValue;
attr.Threshold = thresh;
if (attrType.ToUpper() == "PRE-FAIL")
{
// This type of attribute has a meaningful threshold.
if (value <= thresh)
{
// Failure is imminent.
attr.IsOK = false;
}
else
{
attr.IsOK = true;
}
}
else
{
attr.IsOK = true; // Must be an OLD-AGE attribute, so no real threshold ... let's just say its okay.
}
disk.SmartAttributes.Add(smartAttributeId, attr);
}
}
}
}
if (hadErrorParsingAttributes)
{
// There was at least one attribute line that we had trouble parsing.
// So, if the disk hasn't had any sort of SMART failure indicated up to this point, we are going to flip the SMART support indicator to "Unknown", since
// we don't really want to give it a passing grade if we had problems parsing attributes.
if ((disk.OverallFailurePredicted.HasValue) && (disk.OverallFailurePredicted.Value))
{
// Already going to be reporting a failure, so the parse error doesn't really affect anything.
}
else
{
var smartAttributeFailures = disk.SmartAttributes.Values.Where(sav => false == sav.IsOK);
if (true == smartAttributeFailures.Any())
{
// Already going to be reporting a failure, so the parse error doesn't really affect anything.
}
else
{
// No SMART failure of any kind to report -- so we need to flip the SMART support indicator to "Unknown", so that this disk doesn't slip through with a passing grade.
disk.SmartSupport = DiskSmartSupport.Unknown;
}
}
}
}
}
}