public Vertex(Vertex v)
{
point = v.point;
normal = v.normal;
this.vcolor = v.vcolor;
onePerZ = 1;
this.u = v.u;
this.v = v.v;
this.lightingColor = v.lightingColor;
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pointList">顶点位置列表</param>
/// <param name="indexs">顶点索引列表</param>
/// <param name="Uvs">uv坐标列表</param>
/// <param name="vertColor">顶点色列表</param>
public Mesh(Vector3D[] pointList, int[] indexs, Point2D[] Uvs, Vector3D[] vertColors, Vector3D[] normals, Material mat)
{
_verts = new Vertex[indexs.Length];
//生成顶点列表
for (int i = 0; i < indexs.Length; i++)
{
int pointIndex = indexs[i];
Vector3D point = pointList[pointIndex];
_verts[i] = new Vertex(point, normals[i], Uvs[i].x, Uvs[i].y, vertColors[i].x, vertColors[i].y, vertColors[i].z);
}
_mat = mat;
}
/// <summary>
/// 光栅化三角形
/// </summary>
/// <param name="p1"></param>
/// <param name="p2"></param>
/// <param name="p3"></param>
private void TriangleRasterization(Vertex p1, Vertex p2, Vertex p3)
{
if(p1.point.y == p2.point.y)
{
if(p1.point.y < p3.point.y)
{//平顶
DrawTriangleTop(p1, p2, p3);
}
else
{//平底
DrawTriangleBottom(p3, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (p1.point.y == p3.point.y)
{
if (p1.point.y < p2.point.y)
{//平顶
DrawTriangleTop(p1, p3, p2);
}
else
{//平底
DrawTriangleBottom(p2, p1, p3);
}
}
else if (p2.point.y == p3.point.y)
{
if (p2.point.y < p1.point.y)
{//平顶
DrawTriangleTop(p2, p3, p1);
}
else
{//平底
DrawTriangleBottom(p1, p2, p3);
}
}
else
{//分割三角形
Vertex top;
Vertex bottom;
Vertex middle;
if(p1.point.y > p2.point.y && p2.point.y > p3.point.y)
{
top = p3;
middle = p2;
bottom = p1;
}
else if (p3.point.y > p2.point.y && p2.point.y > p1.point.y)
{
top = p1;
middle = p2;
bottom = p3;
}
else if (p2.point.y > p1.point.y && p1.point.y > p3.point.y)
{
top = p3;
middle = p1;
bottom = p2;
}
else if (p3.point.y > p1.point.y && p1.point.y > p2.point.y)
{
top = p2;
middle = p1;
bottom = p3;
}
else if(p1.point.y > p3.point.y && p3.point.y > p2.point.y)
{
top = p2;
middle = p3;
bottom = p1;
}
else if (p2.point.y > p3.point.y && p3.point.y > p1.point.y)
{
top = p1;
middle = p3;
bottom = p2;
}
else
{
//三点共线
return;
}
//插值求中间点x
float middlex = (middle.point.y - top.point.y) * (bottom.point.x - top.point.x) / (bottom.point.y - top.point.y) + top.point.x;
float dy = middle.point.y - top.point.y;
float t = dy / (bottom.point.y - top.point.y);
//插值生成左右顶点
Vertex newMiddle = new Vertex();
newMiddle.point.x = middlex;
newMiddle.point.y = middle.point.y;
MathUntil.ScreenSpaceLerpVertex(ref newMiddle, top, bottom, t);
//平底
DrawTriangleBottom(top, newMiddle, middle);
//平顶
DrawTriangleTop(newMiddle, middle, bottom);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 从齐次剪裁坐标系转到屏幕坐标
/// </summary>
private void TransformToScreen(ref Vertex v)
{
if(v.point.w != 0)
{
//先进行透视除法，转到cvv
v.point.x *= 1 / v.point.w;
v.point.y *= 1 / v.point.w;
v.point.z *= 1 / v.point.w;
v.point.w = 1;
//cvv到屏幕坐标
v.point.x = (v.point.x + 1) * 0.5f * this.MaximumSize.Width;
v.point.y = (1 - v.point.y) * 0.5f * this.MaximumSize.Height;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 投影变换，从相机空间到齐次剪裁空间
/// </summary>
/// <param name="p"></param>
/// <param name="vertex"></param>
private void SetProjectionTransform(Matrix4x4 p,ref Vertex vertex)
{
vertex.point = vertex.point * p;
//得到齐次裁剪空间的点 v.point.w 中保存着原来的z(具体是z还是-z要看使用的投影矩阵,我们使用投影矩阵是让w中保存着z)
//onePerZ 保存1/z，方便之后对1/z关于x’、y’插值得到1/z’
vertex.onePerZ = 1 / vertex.point.w;
//校正的推论： s/z、t/z和x’、y’也是线性关系。而我们之前知道1/z和x’、y’是线性关系。则我们得出新的思路：对1/z关于x’、y’插值得到1/z’，然后对s/z、t/z关于x’、y’进行插值得到s’/z’、t’/z’，然后用s’/z’和t’/z’分别除以1/z’，就得到了插值s’和t’
//这里将需要插值的信息都乘以1/z 得到 s/z和t/z等，方便光栅化阶段进行插值
vertex.u *= vertex.onePerZ;
vertex.v *= vertex.onePerZ;
//
vertex.vcolor *= vertex.onePerZ;
//
vertex.lightingColor *= vertex.onePerZ;
}
/// <summary>
/// 进行mv矩阵变换，从本地模型空间到世界空间，再到相机空间
/// </summary>
private void SetMVTransform(Matrix4x4 m, Matrix4x4 v,ref Vertex vertex)
{
vertex.point = vertex.point * m * v;
}
/// <summary>
/// 扫描线填充
/// </summary>
/// <param name="left">左端点，值已经经过插值</param>
/// <param name="right">右端点，值已经经过插值</param>
private void ScanlineFill(Vertex left, Vertex right, int yIndex)
{
float dx = right.point.x - left.point.x;
float step = 1;
if(dx != 0)
{
step = 1 / dx;
}
for (float x = left.point.x; x <= right.point.x; x += 0.5f)
{
int xIndex = (int)(x + 0.5f);
if (xIndex >= 0 && xIndex < this.MaximumSize.Width)
{
float lerpFactor = 0;
if (dx != 0)
{
lerpFactor = (x - left.point.x) / dx;
}
//1/z’与x’和y'是线性关系的
float onePreZ = MathUntil.Lerp(left.onePerZ, right.onePerZ, lerpFactor);
if (onePreZ >= _zBuff[yIndex, xIndex])//使用1/z进行深度测试
{//通过测试
float w = 1 / onePreZ;
_zBuff[yIndex, xIndex] = onePreZ;
//uv 插值，求纹理颜色
float u = MathUntil.Lerp(left.u, right.u, lerpFactor) * w * (_texture.Width - 1);
float v = MathUntil.Lerp(left.v, right.v, lerpFactor) * w * (_texture.Height - 1);
//纹理采样
SoftRenderer.RenderData.Color texColor = new RenderData.Color(1,1,1);
if(_textureFilterMode == TextureFilterMode.point)
{//点采样
int uIndex = (int)System.Math.Round(u , MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero);
int vIndex = (int)System.Math.Round(v , MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero);
uIndex = MathUntil.Range(uIndex, 0, _texture.Width - 1);
vIndex = MathUntil.Range(vIndex, 0, _texture.Height - 1);
//uv坐标系采用dx风格
texColor = new RenderData.Color(ReadTexture(uIndex, vIndex));//转到我们自定义的color进行计算
}
else if(_textureFilterMode == TextureFilterMode.Bilinear)
{//双线性采样
float uIndex = (float)System.Math.Floor(u);
float vIndex = (float)System.Math.Floor(v);
float du = u - uIndex;
float dv = v - vIndex;
SoftRenderer.RenderData.Color texcolor1 = new RenderData.Color(ReadTexture((int)uIndex, (int)vIndex)) * (1 - du) * (1 - dv);
SoftRenderer.RenderData.Color texcolor2 = new RenderData.Color(ReadTexture((int)uIndex + 1, (int)vIndex)) * du * (1 - dv);
SoftRenderer.RenderData.Color texcolor3 = new RenderData.Color(ReadTexture((int)uIndex, (int)vIndex + 1)) * (1 - du) * dv;
SoftRenderer.RenderData.Color texcolor4 = new RenderData.Color(ReadTexture((int)uIndex + 1, (int)vIndex + 1)) * du * dv;
texColor = texcolor1 + texcolor2 + texcolor3 + texcolor4;
}
//插值顶点颜色
SoftRenderer.RenderData.Color vertColor = MathUntil.Lerp(left.vcolor, right.vcolor, lerpFactor) * w;
//插值光照颜色
SoftRenderer.RenderData.Color lightColor = MathUntil.Lerp(left.lightingColor, right.lightingColor, lerpFactor) * w; ;
if(_lightMode == LightMode.On)
{//光照模式，需要混合光照的颜色
if (RenderMode.Textured == _currentMode)
{
SoftRenderer.RenderData.Color finalColor = texColor * lightColor;
_frameBuff.SetPixel(xIndex, yIndex, finalColor.TransFormToSystemColor());
}
else if (RenderMode.VertexColor == _currentMode)
{
SoftRenderer.RenderData.Color finalColor = vertColor * lightColor;
_frameBuff.SetPixel(xIndex, yIndex, finalColor.TransFormToSystemColor());
}
}
else
{
if (RenderMode.Textured == _currentMode)
{
_frameBuff.SetPixel(xIndex, yIndex, texColor.TransFormToSystemColor());
}
else if (RenderMode.VertexColor == _currentMode)
{
_frameBuff.SetPixel(xIndex, yIndex, vertColor.TransFormToSystemColor());
}
}
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 实现了“基础光照模型”，在世界空间进行顶点光照处理
/// </summary>
/// <param name="v"></param>
private void Lighting(Matrix4x4 m, Vector3D worldEyePositon ,ref Vertex v)
{
Vector3D worldPoint = v.point * m;//世界空间顶点位置
Vector3D normal = v.normal * m.Inverse().Transpose();//模型空间法线乘以世界矩阵的逆转置得到世界空间法线
normal = normal.Normalize();
SoftRenderer.RenderData.Color emissiveColor = _mesh.material.emissive;//自发光
SoftRenderer.RenderData.Color ambientColor = _ambientColor * _mesh.material.ka;//环境光
Vector3D inLightDir = (_light.worldPosition - worldPoint).Normalize();
float diffuse = Vector3D.Dot(normal, inLightDir);
if(diffuse < 0)
{
diffuse = 0;
}
SoftRenderer.RenderData.Color diffuseColor = _mesh.material.diffuse * diffuse * _light.lightColor;//漫反射
//
Vector3D inViewDir = (worldEyePositon - worldPoint).Normalize();
Vector3D h = (inViewDir + inLightDir).Normalize();
float specular = 0;
if(diffuse != 0)
{//防止出现光源在物体背面产生高光的情况
specular = (float)System.Math.Pow(MathUntil.Range(Vector3D.Dot(h, normal), 0, 1), _mesh.material.shininess);
}
SoftRenderer.RenderData.Color specularColor = _mesh.material.specular * specular * _light.lightColor;//镜面高光
//
v.lightingColor = emissiveColor + ambientColor + diffuseColor + specularColor;
}
//x = (y-y1) * (x2-x1) / (y2-y1) + x1
/// <summary>
/// 平顶，p1,p2,p3为下顶点
/// </summary>
/// <param name="p1"></param>
/// <param name="p2"></param>
/// <param name="p3"></param>
private void DrawTriangleTop(Vertex p1, Vertex p2, Vertex p3)
{
for (float y = p1.point.y; y <= p3.point.y; y+= 0.5f)
{
int yIndex = (int)(System.Math.Round(y, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero));
if (yIndex >= 0 && yIndex < this.MaximumSize.Height)
{
float xl = (y - p1.point.y) * (p3.point.x - p1.point.x) / (p3.point.y - p1.point.y) + p1.point.x;
float xr = (y - p2.point.y) * (p3.point.x - p2.point.x) / (p3.point.y - p2.point.y) + p2.point.x;
float dy = y - p1.point.y;
float t = dy / (p3.point.y - p1.point.y);
//插值生成左右顶点
Vertex new1 = new Vertex();
new1.point.x = xl;
new1.point.y = y;
MathUntil.ScreenSpaceLerpVertex(ref new1, p1, p3, t);
//
Vertex new2 = new Vertex();
new2.point.x = xr;
new2.point.y = y;
MathUntil.ScreenSpaceLerpVertex(ref new2, p2, p3, t);
//扫描线填充
if (new1.point.x < new2.point.x)
{
ScanlineFill(new1, new2, yIndex);
}
else
{
ScanlineFill(new2, new1, yIndex);
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 绘制三角形
/// </summary>
/// <param name="p1"></param>
/// <param name="p2"></param>
/// <param name="p3"></param>
/// <param name="mvp"></param>
private void DrawTriangle(Vertex p1, Vertex p2, Vertex p3, Matrix4x4 m, Matrix4x4 v, Matrix4x4 p)
{
//--------------------几何阶段---------------------------
if (_lightMode == LightMode.On)
{//进行顶点光照
Lighting(m, _camera.pos, ref p1);
Lighting(m, _camera.pos, ref p2);
Lighting(m, _camera.pos, ref p3);
}
//变换到相机空间
SetMVTransform(m, v,ref p1);
SetMVTransform(m, v, ref p2);
SetMVTransform(m, v, ref p3);
//在相机空间进行背面消隐
if (BackFaceCulling(p1, p2, p3) == false)
{
return;
}
//变换到齐次剪裁空间
SetProjectionTransform(p, ref p1);
SetProjectionTransform(p, ref p2);
SetProjectionTransform(p, ref p3);
//裁剪
if (Clip(p1) == false || Clip(p2) == false || Clip(p3) == false)
{
return;
}
//变换到屏幕坐标
TransformToScreen(ref p1);
TransformToScreen(ref p2);
TransformToScreen(ref p3);
//--------------------光栅化阶段---------------------------
if(_currentMode == RenderMode.Wireframe)
{//线框模式
BresenhamDrawLine(p1, p2);
BresenhamDrawLine(p2, p3);
BresenhamDrawLine(p3, p1);
}
else
{
TriangleRasterization(p1, p2, p3);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 检查是否裁剪这个顶点,简单的cvv裁剪,在透视除法之前
/// </summary>
/// <returns>是否通关剪裁</returns>
private bool Clip(Vertex v)
{
//cvv为 x-1,1 y-1,1 z0,1
if(v.point.x >= -v.point.w && v.point.x <= v.point.w &&
v.point.y >= -v.point.w && v.point.y <= v.point.w &&
v.point.z >= 0f && v.point.z <= v.point.w)
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// 绘制直线，使用bresenham算法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="p1"></param>
/// <param name="p2"></param>
private void BresenhamDrawLine(Vertex p1, Vertex p2)
{
int x = (int)(System.Math.Round(p1.point.x, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero));
int y = (int)(System.Math.Round(p1.point.y, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero));
int dx = (int)(System.Math.Round(p2.point.x - p1.point.x, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero));
int dy = (int)(System.Math.Round(p2.point.y - p1.point.y, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero));
int stepx = 1;
int stepy = 1;
if(dx >= 0)
{
stepx = 1;
}
else
{
stepx = -1;
dx = System.Math.Abs(dx);
}
if(dy >= 0)
{
stepy = 1;
}
else
{
stepy = -1;
dy = System.Math.Abs(dy);
}
int dx2 = 2 * dx;
int dy2 = 2 * dy;
if(dx > dy)
{
int error = dy2 - dx;
for (int i = 0; i <= dx; i++)
{
_frameBuff.SetPixel(x, y, System.Drawing.Color.White);
if(error >= 0)
{
error -= dx2;
y += stepy;
}
error += dy2;
x += stepx;
}
}
else
{
int error = dx2 - dy;
for (int i = 0; i <= dy; i++)
{
_frameBuff.SetPixel(x, y, System.Drawing.Color.White);
if (error >= 0)
{
error -= dy2;
x += stepx;
}
error += dx2;
y += stepy;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 背面消隐
/// </summary>
/// <returns>是否通关背面消隐测试</returns>
private bool BackFaceCulling(Vertex p1, Vertex p2, Vertex p3)
{
if(_currentMode == RenderMode.Wireframe)
{//线框模式不进行背面消隐
return true;
}
else
{
Vector3D v1 = p2.point - p1.point;
Vector3D v2 = p3.point - p2.point;
Vector3D normal = Vector3D.Cross(v1, v2);
//由于在视空间中，所以相机点就是（0,0,0）
Vector3D viewDir = p1.point - new Vector3D(0, 0, 0);
if (Vector3D.Dot(normal, viewDir) > 0)
{
_showTrisCount++;
return true;
}
return false;
}
}