/**
* Handles 'CC' cases
*/
private int HandleCC(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (Contains(value, index + 2, 1, "I", "E", "H") &&
!Contains(value, index + 2, 2, "HU"))
{
// "bellocchio" but not "bacchus"
if ((index == 1 && CharAt(value, index - 1) == 'A') ||
Contains(value, index - 1, 5, "UCCEE", "UCCES"))
{
// "accident", "accede", "succeed"
result.Append("KS");
}
else
{
// "bacci", "bertucci", other Italian
result.Append('X');
}
index += 3;
}
else
{ // Pierce's rule
result.Append('K');
index += 2;
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'X' cases
*/
private int HandleX(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
// PIN: Initial 'X' is pronounced 'Z' e.g. 'Xavier'
// except when using Xs as in Xstian (Kristian)
if (index == 0 && Contains(value, index, 2, "XS", "XS"))
{
//'XS' maps to 'KRS'
result.Append("KRS");
index += 2;
}
else if (index == 0)
{
//'Z' maps to 'S'
result.Append('S');
index++;
}
else
{
if (!((index == value.Length - 1) &&
(Contains(value, index - 3, 3, "IAU", "EAU") ||
Contains(value, index - 2, 2, "AU", "OU"))))
{
// French e.g. breaux
result.Append("KS");
}
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "C", "X") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'V' cases
*/
private int HandleV(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
// PIN: If the previous character was F, this can be ignored - like Effvind
if (index > 0)
{
string target = value.Substring(index - 1, 1).ToUpper();
if (target.Equals("F"))
{
// ignore
}
else
{
result.Append('F');
}
index++;
}
else
{
result.Append('F');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'V' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'W' cases
*/
private int HandleW(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
// PIN: In scandinavian languages the W is not a Vowel but another V - which is handled as V
return(HandleV(value, result, index));
// PIN: THE BELOW IS NOT USED
if (Contains(value, index, 2, "WR"))
{
// can also be in middle of word
result.Append('R');
index += 2;
}
else
{
if (index == 0 && (IsVowel(CharAt(value, index + 1)) ||
Contains(value, index, 2, "WH")))
{
if (IsVowel(CharAt(value, index + 1)))
{
// Wasserman should match Vasserman
result.Append('A', 'F');
}
else
{
// need Uomo to match Womo
result.Append('A');
}
index++;
}
else if ((index == value.Length - 1 && IsVowel(CharAt(value, index - 1))) ||
Contains(value, index - 1,
5, "EWSKI", "EWSKY", "OWSKI", "OWSKY") ||
Contains(value, 0, 3, "SCH"))
{
// Arnow should match Arnoff
result.AppendAlternate('F');
index++;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 4, "WICZ", "WITZ"))
{
// Polish e.g. "filipowicz"
result.Append("TS", "FX");
index += 4;
}
else
{
index++;
}
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'CH' cases
*/
private int HandleCH(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (index > 0 && Contains(value, index, 4, "CHAE")) // Michael
{
result.Append('K', 'X');
return(index + 2);
}
else if (index == 0 && Contains(value, index, 3, "CHA")) // PIN: "Chasper"
{
result.Append('K', 'X');
return(index + 2);
}
else if (index == 0 && Contains(value, index, 4, "CHIR")) // PIN: "Chirstine"
{
result.Append('K', 'X');
return(index + 2);
}
// PIN: if the name ends with ch like "Didrich"
else if (index == value.Length - 2)
{
result.Append('K', 'X');
return(index + 2);
}
else if (ConditionCH0(value, index)) // Greek roots ("chemistry", "chorus", etc.)
{
result.Append('K');
return(index + 2);
}
else if (ConditionCH1(value, index))
{
// Germanic, Greek, or otherwise 'ch' for 'kh' sound
result.Append('K');
return(index + 2);
}
else
{
if (index > 0)
{
if (Contains(value, 0, 2, "MC"))
{
result.Append('K');
}
else
{
result.Append('X', 'K');
}
}
else
{
result.Append('X');
}
return(index + 2);
}
}
/**
* Handles 'F' cases
*/
private int HandleF(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
// PIN: Pafvel is the same as Povel, Efven the same as Even, Halfvor the same as Halvor etc.
if (Contains(value, index, 2, "FV"))
{
result.Append('F');
index += 2;
}
else
{
result.Append('F');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'F' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return(index);
}
// BEGIN HANDLERS
/**
* Handles 'A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U', and 'Y' cases
*/
private int HandleAEIOUY(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (index == 0)
{
result.Append('A');
}
return(index + 1);
}
/**
* Handles 'P' cases
*/
private int HandleP(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'H')
{
result.Append('F');
index += 2;
}
else
{
// also account for "campbell" and "raspberry"
result.Append('P');
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "P", "B") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'GH' cases
*/
private int HandleGH(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (index > 0 && !IsVowel(CharAt(value, index - 1)))
{
result.Append('K');
index += 2;
}
else if (index == 0)
{
if (CharAt(value, index + 2) == 'I')
{
result.Append('J');
}
else
{
result.Append('K');
}
index += 2;
}
else if ((index > 1 && Contains(value, index - 2, 1, "B", "H", "D")) ||
(index > 2 && Contains(value, index - 3, 1, "B", "H", "D")) ||
(index > 3 && Contains(value, index - 4, 1, "B", "H")))
{
// Parker's rule (with some further refinements) - "hugh"
index += 2;
}
else
{
if (index > 2 && CharAt(value, index - 1) == 'U' &&
Contains(value, index - 3, 1, "C", "G", "L", "R", "T"))
{
// "laugh", "McLaughlin", "cough", "gough", "rough", "tough"
result.Append('F');
}
else if (index > 0 && CharAt(value, index - 1) != 'I')
{
result.Append('K');
}
index += 2;
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'Z' cases
*/
private int HandleZ(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index,
bool slavoGermanic)
{
if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'H')
{
// Chinese pinyin e.g. "zhao" or Angelina "Zhang"
result.Append('J');
index += 2;
}
else
{
if (Contains(value, index + 1, 2, "ZO", "ZI", "ZA") || (slavoGermanic && (index > 0 && CharAt(value, index - 1) != 'T')))
{
result.Append("S", "TS");
}
else
{
result.Append('S');
}
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'Z' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'D' cases
*/
private int HandleD(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (Contains(value, index, 2, "DG"))
{
// "Edge"
if (Contains(value, index + 2, 1, "I", "E", "Y"))
{
result.Append('J');
index += 3;
// "Edgar"
}
else
{
result.Append("TK");
index += 2;
}
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "DT", "DD"))
{
result.Append('T');
index += 2;
}
// PIN: If the last letter is D and it ends with 'IND' or 'UND' like 'Eyvind', 'Øyvind', 'Åsmund', 'Edmund', 'Amund', 'Omund'
else if ((index == value.Length - 1) && (value.ToUpper().EndsWith("IND") || value.ToUpper().EndsWith("UND")))
{
// do nothing
index++;
}
else
{
result.Append('T');
index++;
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'H' cases
*/
private int HandleH(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
// only keep if first & before vowel or between 2 vowels
if ((index == 0 || IsVowel(CharAt(value, index - 1))) &&
IsVowel(CharAt(value, index + 1)))
{
result.Append('H');
index += 2;
// also takes car of "HH"
}
else
{
// do nothing
index++;
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'R' cases
*/
private int HandleR(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index,
bool slavoGermanic)
{
//french e.g. 'rogier', but exclude 'hochmeier'
if (index == value.Length - 1 && !slavoGermanic &&
Contains(value, index - 2, 2, "IE") &&
!Contains(value, index - 4, 2, "ME", "MA"))
{
result.AppendAlternate('R');
}
else
{
result.Append('R');
}
return(CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'R' ? index + 2 : index + 1);
}
/**
* Handles 'J' cases
*/
private int HandleJ(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index, bool slavoGermanic)
{
if (Contains(value, index, 4, "JOSE") || Contains(value, 0, 4, "SAN "))
{
// obvious Spanish, "Jose", "San Jacinto"
if ((index == 0 && (CharAt(value, index + 4) == ' ') ||
value.Length == 4) || Contains(value, 0, 4, "SAN "))
{
result.Append('H');
}
else
{
result.Append('J', 'H');
}
index++;
}
else
{
if (index == 0 && !Contains(value, index, 4, "JOSE"))
{
result.Append('J', 'A'); // Yankelovich/Jankelowicz
}
else if (IsVowel(CharAt(value, index - 1)) && !slavoGermanic &&
(CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'A' || CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'O'))
{
// spanish pron. of .e.g. 'bajador'
result.Append('J', 'H');
}
else if (index == value.Length - 1)
{
result.Append('J', ' ');
}
else if (!Contains(value, index + 1, 1, L_T_K_S_N_M_B_Z)
// PIN: add "B" to handle cases like "Anbjør", "Anbiør"
&& !Contains(value, index - 1, 1, "S", "K", "L", "B"))
{
result.Append('J');
}
if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'J')
{
index += 2;
}
else
{
index++;
}
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'T' cases
*/
private int HandleT(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
if (Contains(value, index, 4, "TION"))
{
result.Append('X');
index += 3;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 3, "TCH")) // PIN: removed TIA to make Krisjan and Kristian handled in a similar way
{
result.Append('X');
index += 3;
}
// special case "thomas", "thames"
// Contains(value, index + 2, 2, "OM", "AM") ||
// PIN: IN scandinavian languages the TH is almost always a T
// PIN: THORE, THEA, THURRE, THEO, THONETTE, THINE, THOLOFF, THRINE, THOMAS, THROND, THERESE
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "TH"))
{
result.Append('T');
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 3, "TTH"))
{
if (
// special case germanic
Contains(value, 0, 4, "VAN ", "VON ") ||
Contains(value, 0, 3, "SCH")
// special case "ottho", "otthe"
|| Contains(value, index + 3, 1, "O", "E"))
{
result.Append('T');
}
else
{
result.Append('0', 'T');
}
index += 2;
}
else
{
result.Append('T');
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "T", "D") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'L' cases
*/
private int HandleL(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
// PIN: do not add another L if the last added character was also a L
if (!result.GetPrimary().ToUpper().EndsWith("L"))
{
result.Append('L');
}
// PIN: Todo: handle spanish e.g. 'cabrillo', 'gallegos'
// one example can be found here: http://swoodbridge.com/DoubleMetaPhone/double_metaphone_func_1-01.txt
if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'L')
{
if (ConditionL0(value, index))
{
result.AppendAlternate(' ');
}
index += 2;
}
else
{
index++;
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'SC' cases
*/
private int HandleSC(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
if (CharAt(value, index + 2) == 'H')
{
// Schlesinger's rule
if (Contains(value, index + 3,
2, "OO", "ER", "EN", "UY", "ED", "EM"))
{
// Dutch origin, e.g. "school", "schooner"
if (Contains(value, index + 3, 2, "ER", "EN"))
{
// "schermerhorn", "schenker"
result.Append("X", "SK");
}
else
{
result.Append("SK");
}
}
else
{
if (index == 0 && !IsVowel(CharAt(value, 3)) && CharAt(value, 3) != 'W')
{
result.Append('X', 'S');
}
else
{
result.Append('X');
}
}
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 2, 1, "I", "E", "Y"))
{
result.Append('S');
}
else
{
result.Append("SK");
}
return(index + 3);
}
/**
* Handles 'C' cases
*/
private int HandleC(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (ConditionC0(value, index)) // very confusing, moved out
{
result.Append('K');
index += 2;
}
else if (index == 0 && Contains(value, index, 6, "CAESAR"))
{
result.Append('S');
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CH"))
{
index = HandleCH(value, result, index);
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CZ") && !Contains(value, index - 2, 4, "WICZ"))
{
// "Czerny"
result.Append('S', 'X');
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 3, "CIA"))
{
// "focaccia"
result.Append('X');
index += 3;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CC") && !(index == 1 && CharAt(value, 0) == 'M'))
{
// double "cc" but not "McClelland"
return HandleCC(value, result, index);
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CK", "CG", "CQ"))
{
result.Append('K');
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CI", "CE", "CY"))
{
// Italian vs. English
if (Contains(value, index, 3, "CIO", "CIE", "CIA"))
{
result.Append('S', 'X');
}
else
{
result.Append('S');
}
index += 2;
}
else
{
result.Append('K');
if (Contains(value, index + 1, 2, " C", " Q", " G"))
{
// Mac Caffrey, Mac Gregor
index += 3;
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "C", "K", "Q") &&
!Contains(value, index + 1, 2, "CE", "CI"))
{
index += 2;
}
else
{
index++;
}
}
return index;
}
// BEGIN HANDLERS
/**
* Handles 'A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U', and 'Y' cases
*/
private int HandleAEIOUY(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (index == 0)
{
result.Append('A');
}
return index + 1;
}
/**
* Handles 'Z' cases
*/
private int HandleZ(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index,
bool slavoGermanic)
{
if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'H')
{
// Chinese pinyin e.g. "zhao" or Angelina "Zhang"
result.Append('J');
index += 2;
}
else
{
if (Contains(value, index + 1, 2, "ZO", "ZI", "ZA") || (slavoGermanic && (index > 0 && CharAt(value, index - 1) != 'T')))
{
result.Append("S", "TS");
}
else
{
result.Append('S');
}
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'Z' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return index;
}
/**
* Handles 'X' cases
*/
private int HandleX(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
// PIN: Initial 'X' is pronounced 'Z' e.g. 'Xavier'
// except when using Xs as in Xstian (Kristian)
if (index == 0 && Contains(value, index, 2, "XS", "XS"))
{
//'XS' maps to 'KRS'
result.Append("KRS");
index += 2;
}
else if (index == 0)
{
//'Z' maps to 'S'
result.Append('S');
index++;
}
else
{
if (!((index == value.Length - 1) &&
(Contains(value, index - 3, 3, "IAU", "EAU") ||
Contains(value, index - 2, 2, "AU", "OU"))))
{
// French e.g. breaux
result.Append("KS");
}
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "C", "X") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return index;
}
/**
* Handles 'W' cases
*/
private int HandleW(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
// PIN: In scandinavian languages the W is not a Vowel but another V - which is handled as V
return HandleV(value, result, index);
// PIN: THE BELOW IS NOT USED
if (Contains(value, index, 2, "WR"))
{
// can also be in middle of word
result.Append('R');
index += 2;
}
else
{
if (index == 0 && (IsVowel(CharAt(value, index + 1)) ||
Contains(value, index, 2, "WH")))
{
if (IsVowel(CharAt(value, index + 1)))
{
// Wasserman should match Vasserman
result.Append('A', 'F');
}
else
{
// need Uomo to match Womo
result.Append('A');
}
index++;
}
else if ((index == value.Length - 1 && IsVowel(CharAt(value, index - 1))) ||
Contains(value, index - 1,
5, "EWSKI", "EWSKY", "OWSKI", "OWSKY") ||
Contains(value, 0, 3, "SCH"))
{
// Arnow should match Arnoff
result.AppendAlternate('F');
index++;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 4, "WICZ", "WITZ"))
{
// Polish e.g. "filipowicz"
result.Append("TS", "FX");
index += 4;
}
else
{
index++;
}
}
return index;
}
/**
* Handles 'S' cases
*/
private int HandleS(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index,
bool slavoGermanic)
{
if (Contains(value, index - 1, 3, "ISL", "YSL"))
{
// special cases "island", "isle", "carlisle", "carlysle"
index++;
}
else if (index == 0 && Contains(value, index, 5, "SUGAR"))
{
// special case "sugar-"
result.Append('X', 'S');
index++;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "SH"))
{
if (Contains(value, index + 1, 4,
"HEIM", "HOEK", "HOLM", "HOLZ"))
{
// germanic
result.Append('S');
}
else
{
result.Append('X');
}
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 3, "SIO", "SIA") || Contains(value, index, 4, "SIAN"))
{
// Italian and Armenian
if (slavoGermanic)
{
result.Append('S');
}
else
{
result.Append('S', 'X');
}
index += 3;
}
else if ((index == 0 && Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "M", "N", "L", "W")) || Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "Z"))
{
// german & anglicisations, e.g. "smith" match "schmidt" //
// "snider" match "schneider"
// also, -sz- in slavic language altho in hungarian it //
// is pronounced "s"
result.Append('S', 'X');
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "Z") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "SC"))
{
index = HandleSC(value, result, index);
}
else
{
if (index == value.Length - 1 && Contains(value, index - 2,
2, "AI", "OI"))
{
// french e.g. "resnais", "artois"
result.AppendAlternate('S');
}
else
{
result.Append('S');
}
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "S", "Z") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'D' cases
*/
private int HandleD(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (Contains(value, index, 2, "DG"))
{
// "Edge"
if (Contains(value, index + 2, 1, "I", "E", "Y"))
{
result.Append('J');
index += 3;
// "Edgar"
}
else
{
result.Append("TK");
index += 2;
}
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "DT", "DD"))
{
result.Append('T');
index += 2;
}
// PIN: If the last letter is D and it ends with 'IND' or 'UND' like 'Eyvind', 'Øyvind', 'Åsmund', 'Edmund', 'Amund', 'Omund'
else if ( (index == value.Length - 1) && (value.ToUpper().EndsWith("IND") || value.ToUpper().EndsWith("UND")))
{
// do nothing
index++;
}
else
{
result.Append('T');
index++;
}
return index;
}
/**
* Handles 'G' cases
*/
private int HandleG(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index, bool slavoGermanic)
{
if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'H')
{
index = HandleGH(value, result, index);
}
else if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'N')
{
if (index == 1 && IsVowel(CharAt(value, 0)) && !slavoGermanic)
{
result.Append("KN", "N");
}
else if (!Contains(value, index + 2, 2, "EY") &&
CharAt(value, index + 1) != 'Y' && !slavoGermanic)
{
result.Append("N", "KN");
}
else
{
result.Append("KN");
}
index = index + 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 2, "LI") && !slavoGermanic)
{
result.Append("KL", "L");
index += 2;
}
else if (index == 0 && (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'Y' || Contains(value, index + 1, 2, ES_EP_EB_EL_EY_IB_IL_IN_IE_EI_ER)))
{
// -ges-, -gep-, -gel-, -gie- at beginning
result.Append('K', 'J');
index += 2;
}
else if ((Contains(value, index + 1, 2, "ER") ||
CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'Y') &&
!Contains(value, 0, 6, "DANGER", "RANGER", "MANGER") &&
!Contains(value, index - 1, 1, "E", "I") &&
!Contains(value, index - 1, 3, "RGY", "OGY"))
{
// -ger-, -gy-
result.Append('K', 'J');
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "E", "I", "Y") ||
Contains(value, index - 1, 4, "AGGI", "OGGI"))
{
// Italian "biaggi"
if ((Contains(value, 0, 4, "VAN ", "VON ") || Contains(value, 0, 3, "SCH")) || Contains(value, index + 1, 2, "ET"))
{
// obvious germanic
result.Append('K');
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 4, "IER"))
{
result.Append('J');
}
else
{
result.Append('J', 'K');
}
index += 2;
}
else if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'G')
{
index += 2;
result.Append('K');
}
else
{
index++;
result.Append('K');
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Encode a value with Double Metaphone, optionally using the alternate
* encoding.
*
* @param value string to encode
* @param alternate use alternate encode
* @return an encoded string
*/
public string Encode(string value, bool alternate)
{
value = CleanInput(value);
if (value == null)
{
return null;
}
bool slavoGermanic = IsSlavoGermanic(value);
int index = IsSilentStart(value) ? 1 : 0;
DoubleMetaphoneResult result = new DoubleMetaphoneResult(this.GetMaxCodeLen(), this);
while (!result.IsComplete() && index <= value.Length - 1)
{
switch (value[index])
{
case 'A':
case 'E':
case 'I':
case 'O':
case 'U':
case 'Y':
case 'À':
case 'Á':
case 'Â':
case 'Ã':
case 'Ä':
case 'Å':
case 'Æ':
case 'È':
case 'É':
case 'Ê':
case 'Ë':
case 'Ì':
case 'Í':
case 'Î':
case 'Ï':
case 'Ò':
case 'Ó':
case 'Ô':
case 'Õ':
case 'Ö':
case 'Ø':
case 'Ù':
case 'Ú':
case 'Û':
case 'Ü':
case 'Ý':
index = HandleAEIOUY(value, result, index);
break;
case 'B':
result.Append('P');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'B' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case '\u00C7':
// A C with a Cedilla
result.Append('S');
index++;
break;
case 'C':
index = HandleC(value, result, index);
break;
case 'D':
index = HandleD(value, result, index);
break;
case 'F':
index = HandleF(value, result, index);
break;
case 'G':
index = HandleG(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'H':
index = HandleH(value, result, index);
break;
case 'J':
index = HandleJ(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'K':
result.Append('K');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'K' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'L':
index = HandleL(value, result, index);
break;
case 'M':
result.Append('M');
index = ConditionM0(value, index) ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'N':
result.Append('N');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'N' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case '\u00D1':
// N with a tilde (spanish ene)
result.Append('N');
index++;
break;
case 'P':
index = HandleP(value, result, index);
break;
case 'Q':
result.Append('K');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'Q' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'R':
index = HandleR(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'S':
index = HandleS(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'T':
index = HandleT(value, result, index);
break;
case 'V':
index = HandleV(value, result, index);
break;
case 'W':
index = HandleW(value, result, index);
break;
case 'X':
index = HandleX(value, result, index);
break;
case 'Z':
index = HandleZ(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
default:
index++;
break;
}
}
return alternate ? result.GetAlternate() : result.GetPrimary();
}
/**
* Handles 'H' cases
*/
private int HandleH(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
// only keep if first & before vowel or between 2 vowels
if ((index == 0 || IsVowel(CharAt(value, index - 1))) &&
IsVowel(CharAt(value, index + 1)))
{
result.Append('H');
index += 2;
// also takes car of "HH"
}
else
{
// do nothing
index++;
}
return index;
}
/**
* Handles 'G' cases
*/
private int HandleG(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index, bool slavoGermanic)
{
if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'H')
{
index = HandleGH(value, result, index);
}
else if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'N')
{
if (index == 1 && IsVowel(CharAt(value, 0)) && !slavoGermanic)
{
result.Append("KN", "N");
}
else if (!Contains(value, index + 2, 2, "EY") &&
CharAt(value, index + 1) != 'Y' && !slavoGermanic)
{
result.Append("N", "KN");
}
else
{
result.Append("KN");
}
index = index + 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 2, "LI") && !slavoGermanic)
{
result.Append("KL", "L");
index += 2;
}
else if (index == 0 && (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'Y' || Contains(value, index + 1, 2, ES_EP_EB_EL_EY_IB_IL_IN_IE_EI_ER)))
{
// -ges-, -gep-, -gel-, -gie- at beginning
result.Append('K', 'J');
index += 2;
}
else if ((Contains(value, index + 1, 2, "ER") ||
CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'Y') &&
!Contains(value, 0, 6, "DANGER", "RANGER", "MANGER") &&
!Contains(value, index - 1, 1, "E", "I") &&
!Contains(value, index - 1, 3, "RGY", "OGY"))
{
// -ger-, -gy-
result.Append('K', 'J');
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "E", "I", "Y") ||
Contains(value, index - 1, 4, "AGGI", "OGGI"))
{
// Italian "biaggi"
if ((Contains(value, 0, 4, "VAN ", "VON ") || Contains(value, 0, 3, "SCH")) || Contains(value, index + 1, 2, "ET"))
{
// obvious germanic
result.Append('K');
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 4, "IER"))
{
result.Append('J');
}
else
{
result.Append('J', 'K');
}
index += 2;
}
else if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'G')
{
index += 2;
result.Append('K');
}
else
{
index++;
result.Append('K');
}
return index;
}
/**
* Encode a value with Double Metaphone, optionally using the alternate
* encoding.
*
* @param value string to encode
* @param alternate use alternate encode
* @return an encoded string
*/
public string Encode(string value, bool alternate)
{
value = CleanInput(value);
if (value == null)
{
return(null);
}
bool slavoGermanic = IsSlavoGermanic(value);
int index = IsSilentStart(value) ? 1 : 0;
DoubleMetaphoneResult result = new DoubleMetaphoneResult(this.GetMaxCodeLen(), this);
while (!result.IsComplete() && index <= value.Length - 1)
{
switch (value[index])
{
case 'A':
case 'E':
case 'I':
case 'O':
case 'U':
case 'Y':
case 'À':
case 'Á':
case 'Â':
case 'Ã':
case 'Ä':
case 'Å':
case 'Æ':
case 'È':
case 'É':
case 'Ê':
case 'Ë':
case 'Ì':
case 'Í':
case 'Î':
case 'Ï':
case 'Ò':
case 'Ó':
case 'Ô':
case 'Õ':
case 'Ö':
case 'Ø':
case 'Ù':
case 'Ú':
case 'Û':
case 'Ü':
case 'Ý':
index = HandleAEIOUY(value, result, index);
break;
case 'B':
result.Append('P');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'B' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case '\u00C7':
// A C with a Cedilla
result.Append('S');
index++;
break;
case 'C':
index = HandleC(value, result, index);
break;
case 'D':
index = HandleD(value, result, index);
break;
case 'F':
index = HandleF(value, result, index);
break;
case 'G':
index = HandleG(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'H':
index = HandleH(value, result, index);
break;
case 'J':
index = HandleJ(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'K':
result.Append('K');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'K' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'L':
index = HandleL(value, result, index);
break;
case 'M':
result.Append('M');
index = ConditionM0(value, index) ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'N':
result.Append('N');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'N' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case '\u00D1':
// N with a tilde (spanish ene)
result.Append('N');
index++;
break;
case 'P':
index = HandleP(value, result, index);
break;
case 'Q':
result.Append('K');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'Q' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'R':
index = HandleR(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'S':
index = HandleS(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'T':
index = HandleT(value, result, index);
break;
case 'V':
index = HandleV(value, result, index);
break;
case 'W':
index = HandleW(value, result, index);
break;
case 'X':
index = HandleX(value, result, index);
break;
case 'Z':
index = HandleZ(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
default:
index++;
break;
}
}
return(alternate ? result.GetAlternate() : result.GetPrimary());
}
/**
* Handles 'CC' cases
*/
private int HandleCC(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (Contains(value, index + 2, 1, "I", "E", "H") &&
!Contains(value, index + 2, 2, "HU"))
{
// "bellocchio" but not "bacchus"
if ((index == 1 && CharAt(value, index - 1) == 'A') ||
Contains(value, index - 1, 5, "UCCEE", "UCCES"))
{
// "accident", "accede", "succeed"
result.Append("KS");
}
else
{
// "bacci", "bertucci", other Italian
result.Append('X');
}
index += 3;
}
else
{ // Pierce's rule
result.Append('K');
index += 2;
}
return index;
}
/**
* Handles 'CH' cases
*/
private int HandleCH(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (index > 0 && Contains(value, index, 4, "CHAE")) // Michael
{
result.Append('K', 'X');
return index + 2;
}
else if (index == 0 && Contains(value, index, 3, "CHA")) // PIN: "Chasper"
{
result.Append('K', 'X');
return index + 2;
}
else if (index == 0 && Contains(value, index, 4, "CHIR")) // PIN: "Chirstine"
{
result.Append('K', 'X');
return index + 2;
}
// PIN: if the name ends with ch like "Didrich"
else if ( index == value.Length - 2)
{
result.Append('K', 'X');
return index + 2;
}
else if (ConditionCH0(value, index)) // Greek roots ("chemistry", "chorus", etc.)
{
result.Append('K');
return index + 2;
}
else if (ConditionCH1(value, index))
{
// Germanic, Greek, or otherwise 'ch' for 'kh' sound
result.Append('K');
return index + 2;
}
else
{
if (index > 0)
{
if (Contains(value, 0, 2, "MC"))
{
result.Append('K');
}
else
{
result.Append('X', 'K');
}
}
else
{
result.Append('X');
}
return index + 2;
}
}
/**
* Handles 'T' cases
*/
private int HandleT(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
if (Contains(value, index, 4, "TION"))
{
result.Append('X');
index += 3;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 3, "TCH")) // PIN: removed TIA to make Krisjan and Kristian handled in a similar way
{
result.Append('X');
index += 3;
}
// special case "thomas", "thames"
// Contains(value, index + 2, 2, "OM", "AM") ||
// PIN: IN scandinavian languages the TH is almost always a T
// PIN: THORE, THEA, THURRE, THEO, THONETTE, THINE, THOLOFF, THRINE, THOMAS, THROND, THERESE
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "TH"))
{
result.Append('T');
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 3, "TTH"))
{
if (
// special case germanic
Contains(value, 0, 4, "VAN ", "VON ") ||
Contains(value, 0, 3, "SCH")
// special case "ottho", "otthe"
|| Contains(value, index + 3, 1, "O", "E"))
{
result.Append('T');
}
else
{
result.Append('0', 'T');
}
index += 2;
}
else
{
result.Append('T');
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "T", "D") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return index;
}
/**
* Handles 'F' cases
*/
private int HandleF(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
// PIN: Pafvel is the same as Povel, Efven the same as Even, Halfvor the same as Halvor etc.
if (Contains(value, index, 2, "FV"))
{
result.Append('F');
index += 2;
} else {
result.Append('F');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'F' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return index;
}
/**
* Handles 'V' cases
*/
private int HandleV(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
// PIN: If the previous character was F, this can be ignored - like Effvind
if (index > 0) {
string target = value.Substring(index - 1, 1).ToUpper();
if (target.Equals("F")) {
// ignore
} else {
result.Append('F');
}
index++;
} else {
result.Append('F');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'V' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return index;
}
/**
* Handles 'GH' cases
*/
private int HandleGH(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (index > 0 && !IsVowel(CharAt(value, index - 1)))
{
result.Append('K');
index += 2;
}
else if (index == 0)
{
if (CharAt(value, index + 2) == 'I')
{
result.Append('J');
}
else
{
result.Append('K');
}
index += 2;
}
else if ((index > 1 && Contains(value, index - 2, 1, "B", "H", "D")) ||
(index > 2 && Contains(value, index - 3, 1, "B", "H", "D")) ||
(index > 3 && Contains(value, index - 4, 1, "B", "H")))
{
// Parker's rule (with some further refinements) - "hugh"
index += 2;
}
else
{
if (index > 2 && CharAt(value, index - 1) == 'U' &&
Contains(value, index - 3, 1, "C", "G", "L", "R", "T"))
{
// "laugh", "McLaughlin", "cough", "gough", "rough", "tough"
result.Append('F');
}
else if (index > 0 && CharAt(value, index - 1) != 'I')
{
result.Append('K');
}
index += 2;
}
return index;
}
/**
* Handles 'P' cases
*/
private int HandleP(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'H')
{
result.Append('F');
index += 2;
}
else
{
// also account for "campbell" and "raspberry"
result.Append('P');
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "P", "B") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return index;
}
/**
* Handles 'J' cases
*/
private int HandleJ(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index, bool slavoGermanic)
{
if (Contains(value, index, 4, "JOSE") || Contains(value, 0, 4, "SAN "))
{
// obvious Spanish, "Jose", "San Jacinto"
if ((index == 0 && (CharAt(value, index + 4) == ' ') ||
value.Length == 4) || Contains(value, 0, 4, "SAN "))
{
result.Append('H');
}
else
{
result.Append('J', 'H');
}
index++;
}
else
{
if (index == 0 && !Contains(value, index, 4, "JOSE"))
{
result.Append('J', 'A'); // Yankelovich/Jankelowicz
}
else if (IsVowel(CharAt(value, index - 1)) && !slavoGermanic &&
(CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'A' || CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'O'))
{
// spanish pron. of .e.g. 'bajador'
result.Append('J', 'H');
}
else if (index == value.Length - 1)
{
result.Append('J', ' ');
}
else if (!Contains(value, index + 1, 1, L_T_K_S_N_M_B_Z)
// PIN: add "B" to handle cases like "Anbjør", "Anbiør"
&& !Contains(value, index - 1, 1, "S", "K", "L", "B"))
{
result.Append('J');
}
if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'J')
{
index += 2;
}
else
{
index++;
}
}
return index;
}
/**
* Handles 'SC' cases
*/
private int HandleSC(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
if (CharAt(value, index + 2) == 'H')
{
// Schlesinger's rule
if (Contains(value, index + 3,
2, "OO", "ER", "EN", "UY", "ED", "EM"))
{
// Dutch origin, e.g. "school", "schooner"
if (Contains(value, index + 3, 2, "ER", "EN"))
{
// "schermerhorn", "schenker"
result.Append("X", "SK");
}
else
{
result.Append("SK");
}
}
else
{
if (index == 0 && !IsVowel(CharAt(value, 3)) && CharAt(value, 3) != 'W')
{
result.Append('X', 'S');
}
else
{
result.Append('X');
}
}
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 2, 1, "I", "E", "Y"))
{
result.Append('S');
}
else
{
result.Append("SK");
}
return index + 3;
}
/**
* Handles 'L' cases
*/
private int HandleL(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
// PIN: do not add another L if the last added character was also a L
if (!result.GetPrimary().ToUpper().EndsWith("L")) {
result.Append('L');
}
// PIN: Todo: handle spanish e.g. 'cabrillo', 'gallegos'
// one example can be found here: http://swoodbridge.com/DoubleMetaPhone/double_metaphone_func_1-01.txt
if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'L')
{
if (ConditionL0(value, index))
{
result.AppendAlternate(' ');
}
index += 2;
}
else
{
index++;
}
return index;
}
/**
* Handles 'C' cases
*/
private int HandleC(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (ConditionC0(value, index)) // very confusing, moved out
{
result.Append('K');
index += 2;
}
else if (index == 0 && Contains(value, index, 6, "CAESAR"))
{
result.Append('S');
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CH"))
{
index = HandleCH(value, result, index);
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CZ") && !Contains(value, index - 2, 4, "WICZ"))
{
// "Czerny"
result.Append('S', 'X');
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 3, "CIA"))
{
// "focaccia"
result.Append('X');
index += 3;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CC") && !(index == 1 && CharAt(value, 0) == 'M'))
{
// double "cc" but not "McClelland"
return(HandleCC(value, result, index));
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CK", "CG", "CQ"))
{
result.Append('K');
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CI", "CE", "CY"))
{
// Italian vs. English
if (Contains(value, index, 3, "CIO", "CIE", "CIA"))
{
result.Append('S', 'X');
}
else
{
result.Append('S');
}
index += 2;
}
else
{
result.Append('K');
if (Contains(value, index + 1, 2, " C", " Q", " G"))
{
// Mac Caffrey, Mac Gregor
index += 3;
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "C", "K", "Q") &&
!Contains(value, index + 1, 2, "CE", "CI"))
{
index += 2;
}
else
{
index++;
}
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'R' cases
*/
private int HandleR(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index,
bool slavoGermanic)
{
//french e.g. 'rogier', but exclude 'hochmeier'
if (index == value.Length - 1 && !slavoGermanic &&
Contains(value, index - 2, 2, "IE") &&
!Contains(value, index - 4, 2, "ME", "MA"))
{
result.AppendAlternate('R');
}
else
{
result.Append('R');
}
return CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'R' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
/**
* Handles 'S' cases
*/
private int HandleS(string value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index,
bool slavoGermanic)
{
if (Contains(value, index - 1, 3, "ISL", "YSL"))
{
// special cases "island", "isle", "carlisle", "carlysle"
index++;
}
else if (index == 0 && Contains(value, index, 5, "SUGAR"))
{
// special case "sugar-"
result.Append('X', 'S');
index++;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "SH"))
{
if (Contains(value, index + 1, 4,
"HEIM", "HOEK", "HOLM", "HOLZ"))
{
// germanic
result.Append('S');
}
else
{
result.Append('X');
}
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 3, "SIO", "SIA") || Contains(value, index, 4, "SIAN"))
{
// Italian and Armenian
if (slavoGermanic)
{
result.Append('S');
}
else
{
result.Append('S', 'X');
}
index += 3;
}
else if ((index == 0 && Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "M", "N", "L", "W")) || Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "Z"))
{
// german & anglicisations, e.g. "smith" match "schmidt" //
// "snider" match "schneider"
// also, -sz- in slavic language altho in hungarian it //
// is pronounced "s"
result.Append('S', 'X');
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "Z") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "SC"))
{
index = HandleSC(value, result, index);
}
else
{
if (index == value.Length - 1 && Contains(value, index - 2,
2, "AI", "OI"))
{
// french e.g. "resnais", "artois"
result.AppendAlternate('S');
}
else
{
result.Append('S');
}
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "S", "Z") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return index;
}