public EruptionValues(Eruption erupt, Wind[] wind, Config config)
{
Guard.NotNull(erupt, "erupt");
Guard.NotNull(wind, "wind");
Guard.NotNull(config, "config");
_config = config;
SetEruptionValues(erupt, wind, config);
}
private static void PrintWind(Wind[][] wind)
{
Console.WriteLine("Wind:");
Console.WriteLine("\tDays: " + wind.Length);
for (var i = 0; i < wind.Length; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine("\t\tDay: " + i);
Console.WriteLine("\t\tLevels: " + wind[i].Length);
}
}
private Wind[][] GetWindArray(Config config)
{
var winds = new Wind[config.WindDays][];
for (var i = 0; i < config.WindDays; i++)
{
winds[i] = new Wind[config.ColumnIntegrationSteps + 1];
for (var j = 0; j <= config.ColumnIntegrationSteps; j++)
{
winds[i][j] = new Wind();
}
}
return winds;
}
// void set_eruption_values(ERUPTION *erupt, WIND *wind) { /* set_eruption_values */
private void SetEruptionValues(Eruption erupt, Wind[] wind, Config config)
{
//PART_STEPS = (erupt->max_phi - erupt->min_phi) * 10;
PartSteps = (int)Math.Abs((erupt.MaxPhi - erupt.MinPhi) * 10);
//threshold = erupt->vent_height + (PLUME_RATIO * (erupt->max_plume_height - erupt->vent_height));
Threshold = erupt.VentHeight + (config.Plume.Ratio * (erupt.MaxPlumeHeight - erupt.VentHeight));
//SQRT_TWO_PI = sqrt(2.0 * pi); /* new line, 12-2-2010 */
SqrtTwoPi = Math.Sqrt(2.0 * Config.Pi);
//BETA_x_SQRT_TWO_PI = erupt->column_beta * SQRT_TWO_PI;
BetaSqrtTwoPi = erupt.ColumnBeta * SqrtTwoPi;
//TWO_BETA_SQRD = 2.0 * erupt->column_beta * erupt->column_beta;
TwoBetaSqrd = 2.0 * erupt.ColumnBeta * erupt.ColumnBeta;
//PDF_GRAINSIZE_DEMON1 = 1.0 / (2.506628 * erupt->sigma_phi); /* changed 12-02-2010 */
PdfGrainSizeDemon1 = 1.0 / (2.506628 * erupt.SigmaPhi);
//TWO_x_PART_SIGMA_SIZE = 2.0 * erupt->sigma_phi * erupt->sigma_phi;
TwoPartSigmaSize = 2.0 * erupt.SigmaPhi * erupt.SigmaPhi;
/*define the limits of integration */
//ht_section_width = erupt->max_plume_height - erupt->vent_height;
var htSectionWidth = erupt.MaxPlumeHeight - erupt.VentHeight;
//part_section_width = erupt->max_phi - erupt->min_phi;
var partSectionWidth = erupt.MaxPhi - erupt.MinPhi;
//ht_step_width = ht_section_width / (double)COL_STEPS;
var htStepWidth = htSectionWidth / config.ColumnIntegrationSteps;
//part_step_width = part_section_width / (double)PART_STEPS;
var partStepWidth = partSectionWidth / PartSteps;
/* steps for nomalization of probabilities */
var totalPCol = GetTotalPCol(erupt, config, htSectionWidth, htStepWidth);
var totalPPart = GetTotalPPart(erupt, partStepWidth);
/* Normalization constant */
var totalP = GetTotalP(totalPCol, totalPPart);
/* End of normalization steps */
/* Dynamically allocated table for storing integration data.
* Used in the double integration steps below for each point considered.
* */
_table = CreateTableArray();
double pmin = 10e6, pmax = 0.0;
Logger.InfoFormat("\tpmax={0}", pmax);
Logger.InfoFormat("\tpmin={0}", pmin);
/* Start with the maximum particle size */
//y = (erupt)->min_phi
var y = erupt.MinPhi;
for (var i = 0; i < PartSteps; i++)
{ /* PART_STEPS_LOOP */
var partStepTable = _table[i, 0];
//T[i][0].part_density = ParticleDensity(y);
partStepTable.SetPartDensity(ParticleDensity(y));
//T[i][0].ashdiam = phi2m(y);
partStepTable.SetAshDiam(Phi2M(y));
/* the expected fraction of particles of this size based on given mean and std deviation */
var partProb = pdf_grainsize(erupt.MeanPhi, y, partStepWidth);
var cumFallTime = 0.0;
var windX = 0.0;
var windY = 0.0;
/* Start at the height of the vent */
var particleHt = erupt.VentHeight;
for (var j = 0; j < config.ColumnIntegrationSteps; j++)
{ /* COL_STEPS_LOOP */
var table = _table[i, j];
/* define the small slice dz */
particleHt += htStepWidth;
/*
* Calculate the time it takes a particle to fall from its release point
* in the column to the next column release point.
* */
//T[i][j].fall_time = PartFallTime(particle_ht, ht_step_width, T[i][0].ashdiam, T[i][0].part_density);
table.SetFallTime(PartFallTime(particleHt, htStepWidth, partStepTable.GetAshDiam(), partStepTable.GetPartDensity()));
/* Particle diffusion time (seconds) */
//ht_above_vent = particle_ht - erupt->vent_height;
var htAboveVent = particleHt - erupt.VentHeight;
var temp = 0.2 * htAboveVent * htAboveVent;
//T[i][j].plume_diffusion_fine_particle = pow(temp, 0.4); /* 0.4 = 2.0/5.0 */
table.SetPlumeDiffusionFineParticle(Math.Pow(temp, 0.4));
//T[i][j].plume_diffusion_coarse_particle = 0.0032 * (ht_above_vent * ht_above_vent) / DIFFUSION_COEFFICIENT;
table.SetPlumeDiffusionCoarseParticle(0.0032 * (htAboveVent * htAboveVent) / config.DiffusionCoefficient);
/*
* Sum the windspeed and wind_direction for each particle size
* falling from each level. In the wind array, the first wind level
* gives wind speed and direction at the vent height.
* Start with the next wind level,
* so that we are using the wind speed and direction
* starting from one step above the vent.
* */
var windNextLevel = wind[j + 1];
//wind_x += T[i][j].fall_time * wind[j+1].windspeed * cos(wind[j+1].wind_dir);
windX += table.GetFallTime() * windNextLevel.GetWindSpeed() * Math.Cos(windNextLevel.GetWindDir());
//wind_y += T[i][j].fall_time * wind[j+1].windspeed * sin(wind[j+1].wind_dir);
windY += table.GetFallTime() * windNextLevel.GetWindSpeed() * Math.Sin(windNextLevel.GetWindDir());
//T[i][j].wind_sum_x = wind_x;
table.SetWindSumX(windX);
//T[i][j].wind_sum_y = wind_y;
table.SetWindSumY(windY);
/*
* Accumulate the time it takes each particle size to descend
* from its release point down
* to its final resting place.This part of the code just
* calculates the fall_time from the release point to the
* height of the vent.
* The time it takes a particle to fall from the vent height
* to a grid cell will be calculated later.
* */
//cum_fall_time += T[i][j].fall_time;
cumFallTime += table.GetFallTime();
//T[i][j].total_fall_time = cum_fall_time;
table.SetTotalFallTime(cumFallTime);
//if (T[i][j].total_fall_time > pmax) pmax = T[i][j].total_fall_time;
if (cumFallTime > pmax)
{
pmax = table.GetTotalFallTime();
}
else
//if (T[i][j].total_fall_time < pmin) pmin = T[i][j].total_fall_time;
if (cumFallTime < pmin)
{
pmin = table.GetTotalFallTime();
}
/* the probability that a given grainsize will be released from a given height */
//col_prob = (*pdf)(particle_ht, j, erupt->column_beta, erupt->max_plume_height);
var colProb = config.Plume.PlumeModel == PlumeModel.UniformDistribution
? plume_pdf0(particleHt, j)
: PlumePdf1(particleHt, j, erupt.ColumnBeta, erupt.MaxPlumeHeight);
/* Normalization is now done here */
//T[i][j].demon1 = (erupt->total_ash_mass * col_prob * part_prob)/total_P;
table.SetDemon1((erupt.TotalAshMass * colProb * partProb) / totalP);
//T[i][j].particle_ht = particle_ht;
table.SetParticleHt(particleHt);
Logger.InfoFormat("{0}\t{1}\t{2}\t{3}\t{4}\t{5}\t{6}\t{7}\t{8}\t{9}\t{10}\t{11}", new[] {
i,
j,
table.GetParticleHt(),
table.GetAshDiam(),
table.GetPartDensity(),
table.GetFallTime(),
table.GetPlumeDiffusionFineParticle(),
table.GetPlumeDiffusionCoarseParticle(),
table.GetTotalFallTime(),
table.GetWindSumX(),
table.GetWindSumY(),
table.GetDemon1()
});
/*
fprintf(log_file,
"%g\t%g\t%g\t%g\t%g\t%g\t%g\t%g\t%g\t%g\n",
T[i][j].particle_ht,
T[i][j].ashdiam,
T[i][j].part_density,
T[i][j].fall_time,
T[i][j].plume_diffusion_fine_particle,
T[i][j].plume_diffusion_coarse_particle,
T[i][j].total_fall_time,
T[i][j].wind_sum_x,
T[i][j].wind_sum_y,
T[i][j].demon1);
*/
} /* END COL_STEPS_LOOP */
Logger.Info(" ");
/* fprintf(log_file, "\n"); */
y += partStepWidth; /* moved from beg of loop 12-02-2010 */
} /* END PART_STEPS_LOOP */
/* fprintf(log_file, "OUT\n"); */
// fprintf(stderr, "MIN particle fall time = %.1f\n", pmin);
Logger.Info("MIN particle fall time = " + pmin);
// fprintf(stderr, "MAX particle fall time = %.1f\n", pmax);
Logger.Info("MAX particle fall time = " + pmax);
}
/*
* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
* FUNCTION:tephra_calc.c
*
* Purpose: This function calculates and returns the expected accumulation
* of volcanic ash (kg/m2) at a specific geogrphic location (x,y) due to an
* eruption with specific input parameters. These points may be random or on
* a UTM grid (m)
*
* This implementation accounts for variation in wind velocity with height.
* The model is discretized w.r.t. height and particle size.
*
* This function is called for each point (x,y,) If more than one eruption
* is involved, for example in a probabilistic analysis, the function is
* called for each set of eruption parameters.
*
* INPUTS: ERUPTION *erupt: pointer to array of eruption parameters POINT
* *pt: pointer to an array of location specific parameters, WIND *level:
* pointer to a day of wind data : height asl in m; wind speed in ms-1 wind
* direction in degrees N
*
* OUTPUTs: the value of the mass accumulated at the input location
* (northing, easting) in kg/m2
*
* a distribution of particle sizes the exact number of binss (i.e. sizes)
* and phi size used per bin is an integer and is determined by
* (erupt->max_phi - erupt->min_phi) each bin accumulates phi sizes up to
* its integer size ex. bin[0] holds grainsizes [min_phi to min_phi+1)
* *************************************************************************
*/
//void tephra_calc(ERUPTION *erupt, POINT *pt, WIND *level, STATS *stats) { /* tephra_calc starts ... */
// TODO : I have added EruptionValues, could replace Eruption with EruptionValues only?
public void Calculate(Eruption erupt, Point pt, Wind[] level, Stats stats, EruptionValues eruptionValues)
{
//logger.info("IN tephra_calc ...");
/* Initialize mass to zero */
pt.SetMass(0.0);
//wind_sum_x = 0.0;
//wind_sum_y = 0.0;
/* Transform the volcano location coordinate to 0,0 */
var newXspace = pt.GetNorthing() - erupt.VolcanoNorthing;
var newYspace = pt.GetEasting() - erupt.VolcanoEasting;
/* Interpolate to find the wind speed and direction below the height of the vent.
* Find one average wind speed and wind direction between vent and grid elevation point.
* The first values in the wind array give the wind speed and direction at the
* vent height.
* */
var layer = erupt.VentHeight - pt.GetElevation();
var windspeed = (level[0].GetWindSpeed() * pt.GetElevation()) / erupt.VentHeight;
var cosWind = Math.Cos(level[0].GetWindDir()) * windspeed;
var sinWind = Math.Sin(level[0].GetWindDir()) * windspeed;
var bin = -1;
double min = 10e6, max = 0.0;
//logger.info("Beginning integration loops ...");
//for (i = 0; i < PART_STEPS; i++) { /* PART_STEPS_LOOP */
for (var i = 0; i < eruptionValues.PartSteps; i++)
{ /* PART_STEPS_LOOP */
//fall_time_adj = 0.0;
var fallTimeAdj = 0.0;
/* Accumulate the particle sizes into bins of whole numbered phi sizes */
//if (!(i % 10)) {
if ((i % 10) == 0)
{
bin++;
//fprintf(log_file, "PART_STEP=%d phi[%d] = %g\n", i, bin, pt->phi[bin]);
//logger.debug("PART_STEP=" + i + " phi[" + bin + "] = " + pt.getPhi()[bin]);
}
/*
* Modify the total fall time of each particle size (i)
* by the time that it takes particle size (i) to descend from vent height to the grid cell.
* This is only necessary when the elevation of the grid cell < elevation of the vent.
* */
if (layer > 0)
{
//fall_time_adj = PartFallTime(erupt->vent_height, layer, T[i][0].ashdiam, T[i][0].part_density);
fallTimeAdj = eruptionValues.PartFallTime(erupt.VentHeight, layer, eruptionValues.GetT()[i, 0].GetAshDiam(), eruptionValues.GetT()[i, 0].GetPartDensity());
//fprintf(log_file, "%d %g %g\n", i, layer, fall_time_adj) ;
//logger.debug("\tS=" + i + " layer=" + layer + " fall_time_adj=" + fall_time_adj);
}
//for (j = 0; j < COL_STEPS; j++) { /* COL_STEPS_LOOP */
for (var j = 0; j < _config.ColumnIntegrationSteps; j++)
{ /* COL_STEPS_LOOP */
//total_fall_time = T[i][j].total_fall_time + fall_time_adj;
var totalFallTime = eruptionValues.GetT()[i, j].GetTotalFallTime() + fallTimeAdj;
//logger.debug("\tS=" + i + ","+ j + " total_fall_time=" + total_fall_time);
// fprintf(stderr, "%g %g %g ", T[i][j].total_fall_time, total_fall_time, fall_time_adj);
//logger.debug("\tPART_STEP=" + i + " layer=" + layer + " fall_time_adj=" + fall_time_adj);
/* Sum the adjustments (windspeed and wind_direction)
* for each particle size falling from each level.
*/
/* removed 2 lines, 12-2-2010
wind_sum_x = cos_wind * fall_time_adj * windspeed;
wind_sum_y = sin_wind * fall_time_adj * windspeed;
*/
/* change 2 lines, 12-2-2010 */
var windSumX = cosWind * fallTimeAdj;
var windSumY = sinWind * fallTimeAdj;
//logger.debug("\tPART_STEP=" + i + " wind_sum_x=" + wind_sum_x + " wind_sum_y=" + wind_sum_y);
/* Now add the summed adjustments to the already summed
* windspeeds and directions
* and
* Account for the wind:
* Find the average windspeed in the x and y directions
* over the total fall time.
* */
//average_windspeed_x = (T[i][j].wind_sum_x + wind_sum_x)/total_fall_time;
var averageWindspeedX = (eruptionValues.GetT()[i, j].GetWindSumX() + windSumX) / totalFallTime;
//average_windspeed_y = (T[i][j].wind_sum_y + wind_sum_y)/total_fall_time;
var averageWindspeedY = (eruptionValues.GetT()[i, j].GetWindSumY() + windSumY) / totalFallTime;
/* If zero, make windspeed a very small value (cannot divide by zero in next step) */
//if (!average_windspeed_x) average_windspeed_x = .001;
if (averageWindspeedX == 0) averageWindspeedX = .001;
//if (!average_windspeed_y) average_windspeed_y = .001;
if (averageWindspeedY == 0) averageWindspeedY = .001;
double averageWindDirection;
/* Find the average wind direction (direction of the velocity vector) */
if (averageWindspeedX < 0)
{
//average_wind_direction = atan(average_windspeed_y/average_windspeed_x ) + pi;
averageWindDirection = Math.Atan(averageWindspeedY / averageWindspeedX) + Config.Pi;
}
else {
//average_wind_direction = atan(average_windspeed_y/average_windspeed_x);
averageWindDirection = Math.Atan(averageWindspeedY / averageWindspeedX);
}
//logger.debug("\tPART_STEP=" + i + " average_wind_direction=" + average_wind_direction);
/* Find the average windspeed ( magnitude of the velocity vector) */
//average_windspeed = sqrt(average_windspeed_x*average_windspeed_x + average_windspeed_y*average_windspeed_y);
var averageWindspeed = Math.Sqrt(averageWindspeedX * averageWindspeedX + averageWindspeedY * averageWindspeedY);
//logger.debug("\tPART_STEP=" + i + " average_windspeed=" + average_windspeed);
if (totalFallTime > max) max = totalFallTime;
if (totalFallTime < min) min = totalFallTime;
/* calculate the value of sigma (dispersion) based on total_fall_time
* to acct for the change in the shape of the column with ht - increasing radius
*/
//ht_above_vent = T[i][j].particle_ht - erupt->vent_height;
//double ht_above_vent = eruptionValues.getT()[i][j].getParticleHt() - erupt.getVentHeight();
double sigma;
/* falltime for fine particles */
//if (total_fall_time >= FALL_TIME_THRESHOLD) {
if (totalFallTime >= _config.FallTimeThreshold)
{
//sigma = EDDY_CONST_x_8_div_5 * pow((total_fall_time + T[i][j].plume_diffusion_fine_particle), 2.5);
sigma = (8.0 * _config.EddyDiff / 5.0) * Math.Pow((totalFallTime + eruptionValues.GetT()[i, j].GetPlumeDiffusionFineParticle()), 2.5);
//fprintf(stderr,"f");
}
else {
/* falltime for coarse particles */
//sigma = 4.0 * DIFFUSION_COEFFICIENT * (total_fall_time + T[i][j].plume_diffusion_coarse_particle);
sigma = 4.0 * _config.DiffusionCoefficient * (totalFallTime + eruptionValues.GetT()[i, j].GetPlumeDiffusionCoarseParticle());
//fprintf(stderr, "c");
}
var demon2 = Config.Pi * sigma;
/* Modify fall time by the variation of wind velocity with height */
// demon3 =
// strat_average( average_wind_direction,
// average_windspeed,
// new_xspace, new_yspace,
// total_fall_time,
// sigma);
var demon3 = strat_average(averageWindDirection,
averageWindspeed,
newXspace, newYspace,
totalFallTime,
sigma);
/*
if (!demon2 || isnan(demon2) || isinf(demon2) || isnan(demon3) || isinf(demon3)) {
fprintf(stderr,
"[%d][%d] layer= %.1f totalfalltime=%g [falltimeadj=%g] demon1=%g demon2=%g demon3=%g sigma=%g\n",
i,j, layer,total_fall_time, fall_time_adj, T[i][j].demon1, demon2, demon3, sigma);
exit(-1);
}
*/
//ash_fall = (T[i][j].demon1 / demon2) * demon3;
var ashFall = (eruptionValues.GetT()[i, j].GetDemon1() / demon2) * demon3;
//pt->mass += ash_fall;
pt.SetMass(pt.GetMass() + ashFall);
//pt->phi[bin] += ash_fall;
pt.GetPhi()[bin] += ashFall;
//fprintf(stderr, "\n");
//logger.debug("\tS=" + i + ", " + j + " layer=" + layer + "d1=" + eruptionValues.getT()[i][j].getDemon1() + " d2=" + demon2 + " d3=" + demon3 + " sigma=" + sigma + " ash_fall=" + ash_fall);
}
//logger.debug("S=" + i + " mass=" + pt.getMass() + " phi[" + bin + "]=" + pt.getPhi()[bin]);
}
// #ifdef _PRINT
// fprintf(log_file, "PART_STEP=%d phi[%d] = %g\n", i, bin, pt->phi[bin]);
// fprintf(log_file, "OUT\n");
// #endif
//stats->min_falltime = min;
stats.SetMinFallTime(min);
//stats->max_falltime = max;
stats.SetMaxFallTime(max);
}
