/// <summary>
        /// Sets a <see cref="ConstParameterArrayBinding{T}"/> for the specified effect parameter.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">
        /// The value type. See <see cref="EffectParameterArrayBinding{T}"/>.
        /// </typeparam>
        /// <param name="parameter">
        /// The effect parameter to which the binding is applied.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="values">The array of values.</param>
        /// <returns>The <see cref="ConstParameterArrayBinding{T}"/> that has been set.</returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// If an appropriate effect parameter binding for <paramref name="parameter"/> already exists,
        /// then the existing binding is updated.
        /// </remarks>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">
        /// <paramref name="parameter"/> is <see langword="null"/>.
        /// </exception>
        /// <exception cref="EffectBindingException">
        /// The value type <typeparamref name="T"/> is not supported.
        /// </exception>
        public ConstParameterArrayBinding <T> Set <T>(EffectParameter parameter, T[] values)
        {
            ConstParameterArrayBinding <T> binding;
            int index = ParameterBindings.IndexOf(parameter);

            if (index >= 0)
            {
                // An effect parameter binding already exists.
                binding = ParameterBindings[index] as ConstParameterArrayBinding <T>;
                if (binding != null)
                {
                    // Update existing binding.
                    binding.Values = values;
                }
                else
                {
                    // Replace existing binding.
                    binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding <T>(Effect, parameter, values);
                    ParameterBindings[index] = binding;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Create a new binding.
                binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding <T>(Effect, parameter, values);
                CheckHint(binding);
                ParameterBindings.Add(binding);
            }

            return(binding);
        }
    private static void SetDefaultBinding(IGraphicsService graphicsService, EffectEx effectEx, EffectParameter parameter, EffectParameterDescription usage, EffectParameterBindingCollection bindings)
    {
      Debug.Assert(!bindings.Contains(parameter), "Effect binding already contains a binding for the given effect parameter.");

      if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Struct)
      {
        if (parameter.Elements.Count > 0)
        {
          // ----- Effect parameter is an array of structs. --> Recursively process elements of array.
          foreach (EffectParameter element in parameter.Elements)
            SetDefaultBinding(graphicsService, effectEx, element, usage, bindings);
        }
        else
        {
          // ----- Effect parameter is a struct. --> Recursively process members of struct.
          foreach (EffectParameter member in parameter.StructureMembers)
            SetDefaultBinding(graphicsService, effectEx, member, usage, bindings);
        }

        return;
      }

      // Set ConstParameterBinding using the default value stored in .fx file.
      var effect = effectEx.Resource;
      object originalValue;
      effectEx.OriginalParameterValues.TryGetValue(parameter, out originalValue);
      EffectParameterBinding binding = null;
      if (parameter.Elements.Count == 0)
      {
        // ----- Parameter is not an array.

        if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Scalar)
        {
          // Scalar values.
          if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Bool)
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<bool>(effect, parameter, (bool)originalValue);
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Int32)
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<int>(effect, parameter, (int)originalValue);
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Single)
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<float>(effect, parameter, (float)originalValue);
        }
        else if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Vector
                 && parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Single)
        {
          // Vector values.
          if (parameter.ColumnCount == 2 || parameter.RowCount == 2)
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Vector2>(effect, parameter, (Vector2)originalValue);
          else if (parameter.ColumnCount == 3 || parameter.RowCount == 3)
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Vector3>(effect, parameter, (Vector3)originalValue);
          else if (parameter.ColumnCount == 4 || parameter.RowCount == 4)
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Vector4>(effect, parameter, (Vector4)originalValue);
        }
        else if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Matrix
                 && parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Single)
        {
          // Matrix value.
          binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Matrix>(effect, parameter, (Matrix)originalValue);
        }
        else if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Object)
        {
          // Object values.
          if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.String)
          {
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<string>(effect, parameter, (string)originalValue);
          }
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Texture)
          {
            // A texture type but we are not sure which exact type. --> Try different types.
            try
            {
              binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Texture2D>(effect, parameter, graphicsService.GetDefaultTexture2DWhite());
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
              try
              {
                binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Texture3D>(effect, parameter, graphicsService.GetDefaultTexture3DWhite());
              }
              catch (Exception)
              {
                try
                {
                  binding = new ConstParameterBinding<TextureCube>(effect, parameter, graphicsService.GetDefaultTextureCubeWhite());
                }
                catch (Exception)
                {
                  // Default value for a parameter of type Texture could not be read from Effect.
                }
              }
            }
          }
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Texture1D)
          {
            // NOTE: 1D textures are not supported in XNA.
          }
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Texture2D)
          {
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Texture2D>(effect, parameter, graphicsService.GetDefaultTexture2DWhite());
          }
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Texture3D)
          {
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Texture3D>(effect, parameter, graphicsService.GetDefaultTexture3DWhite());
          }
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.TextureCube)
          {
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<TextureCube>(effect, parameter, graphicsService.GetDefaultTextureCubeWhite());
          }
        }
      }
      else
      {
        // ----- Parameter is array.
        int length = parameter.Elements.Count;
        Debug.Assert(length > 0, "Effect parameter should be an array.");

        // Note: In XNA originalValue is valid. In MonoGame originalValue is null and we have to
        // create a new array!

        if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Scalar)
        {
          // Scalar value bindings.
          if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Bool)
            binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<bool>(effect, parameter, (bool[])originalValue ?? new bool[parameter.Elements.Count]);
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Int32)
            binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<int>(effect, parameter, (int[])originalValue ?? new int[parameter.Elements.Count]);
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Single)
            binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<float>(effect, parameter, (float[])originalValue ?? new float[parameter.Elements.Count]);
        }
        else if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Vector && parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Single)
        {
          if (parameter.ColumnCount == 2 || parameter.RowCount == 2)
            binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<Vector2>(effect, parameter, (Vector2[])originalValue ?? new Vector2[parameter.Elements.Count]);
          else if (parameter.ColumnCount == 3 || parameter.RowCount == 3)
            binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<Vector3>(effect, parameter, (Vector3[])originalValue ?? new Vector3[parameter.Elements.Count]);
          else if (parameter.ColumnCount == 4 || parameter.RowCount == 4)
            binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<Vector4>(effect, parameter, (Vector4[])originalValue ?? new Vector4[parameter.Elements.Count]);
        }
        else if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Matrix && parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Single)
        {
          binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<Matrix>(effect, parameter, (Matrix[])originalValue ?? new Matrix[parameter.Elements.Count]);
        }
        else if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Object)
        {
          // Note: Arrays of strings or textures are not supported in XNA.
        }
      }

      if (binding != null)
        bindings.Add(binding);
    }
    private static bool SetOpaqueDataBinding(Effect effect, EffectParameter parameter, IDictionary<string, object> opaqueData, EffectParameterBindingCollection bindings)
    {
      Debug.Assert(!bindings.Contains(parameter), "Effect binding already contains a binding for the given effect parameter.");

      if (opaqueData == null || opaqueData.Count == 0)
      {
        // No opaque data.
        return false;
      }

      if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Struct)
      {
        // Structs cannot be set from opaque data.
        return false;
      }

      // Get value from opaque data.
      object value;
      bool valueFound = opaqueData.TryGetValue(parameter.Name, out value);
      if (!valueFound)
        return false;

      EffectParameterBinding binding = null;
      if (parameter.Elements.Count == 0)
      {
        // ----- Parameter is not an array.
        if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Scalar)
        {
          // Scalar value bindings.
          if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Bool && ObjectHelper.IsConvertible(value))
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<bool>(effect, parameter,  ObjectHelper.ConvertTo<bool>(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Int32 && ObjectHelper.IsConvertible(value))
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<int>(effect, parameter, ObjectHelper.ConvertTo<int>(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Single && ObjectHelper.IsConvertible(value))
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<float>(effect, parameter, ObjectHelper.ConvertTo<float>(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
        }
        else if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Vector && parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Single)
        {
          if (parameter.ColumnCount == 2 || parameter.RowCount == 2)
          {
            if (value is Vector2)
              binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Vector2>(effect, parameter, (Vector2)value);
            else if (value is Vector2F)
              binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Vector2F>(effect, parameter, (Vector2F)value);
          }
          else if (parameter.ColumnCount == 3 || parameter.RowCount == 3)
          {
            if (value is Vector3)
              binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Vector3>(effect, parameter, (Vector3)value);
            else if (value is Vector3)
              binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Vector3>(effect, parameter, (Vector3)value);
          }
          else if (parameter.ColumnCount == 4 || parameter.RowCount == 4)
          {
            if (value is Vector4)
              binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Vector4>(effect, parameter, (Vector4)value);
            else if (value is Vector4)
              binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Vector4>(effect, parameter, (Vector4)value);
          }
        }
        else if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Matrix && parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Single)
        {
          if (parameter.ColumnCount == 2 && parameter.RowCount == 2)
          {
            if (value is Matrix22F)
              binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Matrix22F>(effect, parameter, (Matrix22F)value);
          }
          else if (parameter.ColumnCount == 3 && parameter.RowCount == 3)
          {
            if (value is Matrix)
              binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Matrix>(effect, parameter, (Matrix)value);
          }
          else if (parameter.ColumnCount == 4 || parameter.RowCount == 4)
          {
            if (value is Matrix)
              binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Matrix>(effect, parameter, (Matrix)value);
            else if (value is Matrix)
              binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Matrix>(effect, parameter, (Matrix)value);
          }
        }
        else if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Object)
        {
          if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.String && value is string)
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<string>(effect, parameter, (string)value);
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Texture && value is Texture)
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Texture>(effect, parameter, (Texture)value);
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Texture1D && value is Texture)
            binding = null; // 1D textures are not supported in XNA.
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Texture2D && value is Texture2D)
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Texture2D>(effect, parameter, (Texture2D)value);
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Texture3D && value is Texture3D)
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<Texture3D>(effect, parameter, (Texture3D)value);
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.TextureCube && value is TextureCube)
            binding = new ConstParameterBinding<TextureCube>(effect, parameter, (TextureCube)value);
        }
      }
      else
      {
        // ----- Parameter is array.
        // TODO: We could also check whether the length of the arrays match.
        if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Scalar)
        {
          // Scalar value bindings.
          if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Bool && IsArray<bool>(value))
            binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<bool>(effect, parameter, ToBooleanArray(value));
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Int32 && IsArray<int>(value))
            binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<int>(effect, parameter, ToInt32Array(value));
          else if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Single && IsArray<float>(value))
            binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<float>(effect, parameter, ToSingleArray(value));
        }
        else if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Vector &&
                 parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Single)
        {
          if (parameter.ColumnCount == 2 || parameter.RowCount == 2)
          {
            if (value is Vector2[])
              binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<Vector2>(effect, parameter, (Vector2[])value);
            else if (value is Vector2F[])
              binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<Vector2F>(effect, parameter, (Vector2F[])value);
          }
          else if (parameter.ColumnCount == 3 || parameter.RowCount == 3)
          {
            if (value is Vector3[])
              binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<Vector3>(effect, parameter, (Vector3[])value);
            else if (value is Vector3[])
              binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<Vector3>(effect, parameter, (Vector3[])value);
          }
          else if (parameter.ColumnCount == 4 || parameter.RowCount == 4)
          {
            if (value is Vector4[])
              binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<Vector4>(effect, parameter, (Vector4[])value);
            else if (value is Vector4[])
              binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<Vector4>(effect, parameter, (Vector4[])value);
          }
        }
        else if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Matrix &&
                 parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.Single)
        {
          //#if !XBOX
          // The type Matrix22F[], Matrix[], Matrix[] caused a MissingMethodException at runtime on Xbox 360 in XNA 3.1.
          // See also: EffectParameterBinding<T>.SetValueMethods!
          if (parameter.ColumnCount == 2 && parameter.RowCount == 2)
          {
            if (value is Matrix22F[])
              binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<Matrix22F>(effect, parameter, (Matrix22F[])value);
          }
          else if (parameter.ColumnCount == 3 && parameter.RowCount == 3)
          {
            if (value is Matrix[])
              binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<Matrix>(effect, parameter, (Matrix[])value);
          }
          else
            //#endif
            if (parameter.ColumnCount == 4 || parameter.RowCount == 4)
            {
              if (value is Matrix[])
                binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<Matrix>(effect, parameter, (Matrix[])value);
              //#if !XBOX
              else if (value is Matrix[])
                binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<Matrix>(effect, parameter, (Matrix[])value);
              //#endif
            }
        }
        else if (parameter.ParameterClass == EffectParameterClass.Object)
        {
          if (parameter.ParameterType == EffectParameterType.String && value is string[])
            binding = new ConstParameterArrayBinding<string>(effect, parameter, (string[])value);

          // Note: Arrays of textures are not supported in DirectX 9.
        }
      }

      if (binding != null)
      {
        bindings.Add(binding);
        return true;
      }
      return false;
    }