// Check for equality
public override bool Equals(object other)
{
CheckerState otherCheckerState = other as CheckerState;
if (other == null)
{
return(false);
}
if (other == this)
{
return(true);
}
// If there are any points of difference, return false
for (int rowIndex = 0; rowIndex < board.Length; ++rowIndex)
{
for (int colIndex = 0; colIndex < board[rowIndex].Length; ++colIndex)
{
if (board[rowIndex][colIndex] != otherCheckerState.board[rowIndex][colIndex])
{
return(false);
}
}
}
// Otherwise, return true
return(true);
}
// Connect playerOne and playerTwo the the event signals from CheckerState
public static void WireEvents(CheckerState checkerState, Agent playerOne, Agent playerTwo)
{
// Wire up player behaviors to state events
CheckerState.WhiteWins += playerOne.Victory;
CheckerState.WhiteWins += playerTwo.Defeat;
CheckerState.BlackWins += playerOne.Defeat;
CheckerState.BlackWins += playerTwo.Victory;
}
// Copy constructor
public CheckerState(CheckerState src)
{
board = new Piece[8][];
for (int rowIndex = 0; rowIndex < 8; ++rowIndex)
{
// Create a new row
board[rowIndex] = new Piece[8];
// Copy src members into new row
for (int colIndex = 0; colIndex < 8; ++colIndex)
{
board[rowIndex][colIndex] = src.board[rowIndex][colIndex];
}
}
}
// Modify, clone, and restore the current state to produce a successor state
private CheckerState makeMove(int rowSrc, int colSrc, int rowDest, int colDest, bool isJump)
{
// The piece to move
Piece curPiece = board[rowSrc][colSrc];
Piece midPiece = board[(rowSrc + rowDest) / 2][(colSrc + colDest) / 2];
// Modify
board[rowSrc][colSrc] = Piece.Blank;
board[rowDest][colDest] = curPiece;
if (isJump)
{
board[(rowSrc + rowDest) / 2][(colSrc + colDest) / 2] = Piece.Blank;
}
// Convert any men to kings
if (board[rowDest][colDest] == Piece.White && rowDest == 0)
{
board[rowDest][colDest] = Piece.WhiteKing;
}
if (board[rowDest][colDest] == Piece.Black && rowDest == 7)
{
board[rowDest][colDest] = Piece.BlackKing;
}
// Clone
CheckerState modState = new CheckerState(this);
// Restore
if (isJump)
{
board[(rowSrc + rowDest) / 2][(colSrc + colDest) / 2] = midPiece;
}
board[rowDest][colDest] = Piece.Blank;
board[rowSrc][colSrc] = curPiece;
// Return new state
return(modState);
}
// Recursively generate all states that could result from a jump
private List <IState> getJumps(int row, int col, Move move, CheckerState state)
{
// Ending states
List <IState> successors = new List <IState>();
// Current player's piece
Piece curPiece = board[row][col];
bool isKing = (curPiece == Piece.WhiteKing || curPiece == Piece.BlackKing) ? true : false;
// Enemy piece types
Piece otherPiece;
Piece otherPieceKing;
// What direction in which to move
int advance;
if (move == Move.White)
{
otherPiece = Piece.Black;
otherPieceKing = Piece.BlackKing;
advance = -1;
}
else
{
otherPiece = Piece.White;
otherPieceKing = Piece.WhiteKing;
advance = 1;
}
// If there is a forward-left enemy piece
if (inBounds(row + advance, col - 1) &&
(board[row + advance][col - 1] == otherPiece ||
board[row + advance][col - 1] == otherPieceKing))
{
// If there is a blank cell to bridge to
if (inBounds(row + (advance * 2), col - 2) &&
(board[row + (advance * 2)][col - 2] == Piece.Blank))
{
// Add any possible successors
CheckerState modState = state.makeMove(row, col, row + (advance * 2), col - 2, true);
// If current piece becomes a king
if (isKing == false &&
(modState.board[row + (advance * 2)][col - 2] == Piece.WhiteKing ||
modState.board[row + (advance * 2)][col - 2] == Piece.BlackKing))
{
// End all successive jumps
successors.Add(modState);
}
else
{
// Otherwise, find all possible branching possibilities
successors.AddRange(getJumps(row + (advance * 2), col - 2, move, modState));
}
}
}
// If there is a forward-right enemy piece
if (inBounds(row + advance, col + 1) &&
(board[row + advance][col + 1] == otherPiece ||
board[row + advance][col + 1] == otherPieceKing))
{
// If there is a blank cell to bridge to
if (inBounds(row + (advance * 2), col + 2) &&
(board[row + (advance * 2)][col + 2] == Piece.Blank))
{
// Add any possible successors
CheckerState modState = state.makeMove(row, col, row + (advance * 2), col + 2, true);
// If current piece becomes a king
if (isKing == false &&
(modState.board[row + (advance * 2)][col + 2] == Piece.WhiteKing ||
modState.board[row + (advance * 2)][col + 2] == Piece.BlackKing))
{
// End all successive jumps
successors.Add(modState);
}
else
{
// Otherwise, find all possible branching possibilities
successors.AddRange(getJumps(row + (advance * 2), col + 2, move, modState));
}
}
}
// If the current piece is already a king
if (isKing)
{
// If there is a back-left enemy piece
if (inBounds(row - advance, col - 1) &&
(board[row - advance][col - 1] == otherPiece ||
board[row - advance][col - 1] == otherPieceKing))
{
// If there is a blank cell to bridge to
if (inBounds(row - (advance * 2), col - 2) &&
(board[row - (advance * 2)][col - 2] == Piece.Blank))
{
// Add any possible successors
CheckerState modState = state.makeMove(row, col, row - (advance * 2), col - 2, true);
successors.AddRange(getJumps(row - (advance * 2), col - 2, move, modState));
}
}
// If there is a back-right enemy piece
if (inBounds(row - advance, col + 1) &&
(board[row - advance][col + 1] == otherPiece ||
board[row - advance][col + 1] == otherPieceKing))
{
// If there is a blank cell to bridge to
if (inBounds(row - (advance * 2), col + 2) &&
(board[row - (advance * 2)][col + 2] == Piece.Blank))
{
// Add any possible successors
CheckerState modState = state.makeMove(row, col, row - (advance * 2), col + 2, true);
successors.AddRange(getJumps(row - (advance * 2), col + 2, move, modState));
}
}
}
// If no further jumps were found, this is a terminal state (base case)
if (successors.Count == 0)
{
successors.Add(state);
}
// Return all viable successor jump states found
return(successors);
}
// Train two agents to compete in an adversarial game
public static void TrainZeroSum(long practiceGames, bool showOutput, Agent agentOne, Agent agentTwo)
{
// Report the number of practice games
if (showOutput)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Number of Practice Games: {practiceGames}");
}
// Create starting state
IState state = new CheckerState();
CheckerState checkerState = state as CheckerState;
// Put agents in training mode
agentOne.TrainingMode(1.0);
agentTwo.TrainingMode(1.0);
// Use repeated wins as a benchmark
bool enoughTraining = false;
long games = 0;
int ticks = 0;
bool dotPrinted = false;
// Reset dotPrinted after it has moved on
Action <object, EventArgs> resetDotPrinted = (object sender, EventArgs e) => dotPrinted = false;
CheckerState.WhiteWins += resetDotPrinted;
CheckerState.BlackWins += resetDotPrinted;
// Begin training progress bar
if (showOutput)
{
Console.Write("[ ");
}
// Watch each agent evolve
while (!enoughTraining)
{
// Train the first agent
checkerState = agentOne.Act(checkerState.SuccessorsBlack) as CheckerState;
checkerState.GoalTest();
games = agentOne.Victories + agentTwo.Victories + agentOne.Draws;
// Account for every 1% of progress
if (games % (practiceGames / 100) == 0 && !dotPrinted)
{
// Update competitiveness at quarters
if (ticks % 25 == 0)
{
// Display quarter in progress bar
if (showOutput)
{
Console.Write($"[{ticks}]");
}
// Make each agent more competitive
agentOne.TrainingMode((100.0 - ticks) / 100.0);
agentTwo.TrainingMode((100.0 - ticks) / 100.0);
}
// Update ticks
ticks += 1;
// Don't include hundredth tick
if (ticks < 100 && showOutput)
{
Console.Write(".");
}
dotPrinted = true;
}
// Check if total number of practices have been met
if (games >= practiceGames)
{
enoughTraining = true;
}
// Train the second agent, assuming they are not sufficiently trained
if (!enoughTraining)
{
checkerState = agentTwo.Act(checkerState.SuccessorsWhite) as CheckerState;
checkerState.GoalTest();
games = agentOne.Victories + agentTwo.Victories + agentOne.Draws;
// Account for every 1% of progress
if (games % (practiceGames / 100) == 0 && !dotPrinted)
{
// Update competitiveness at quarters
if (ticks % 25 == 0)
{
// Display quarter in progress bar
if (showOutput)
{
Console.Write($"[{ticks}]");
}
// Make each agent more competitive
agentOne.TrainingMode((100.0 - ticks) / 100.0);
agentTwo.TrainingMode((100.0 - ticks) / 100.0);
}
// Update ticks
ticks += 1;
// Don't include hundredth tick
if (ticks < 100 && showOutput)
{
Console.Write(".");
}
dotPrinted = true;
}
// Check if total number of practices have been met
if (games >= practiceGames)
{
enoughTraining = true;
}
}
}
// End progress bar
if (showOutput)
{
Console.WriteLine(" ]");
Console.WriteLine("\n");
}
// Put agents in competitive mode
agentOne.CompeteMode();
agentTwo.CompeteMode();
}
public void Run()
{
if (!quiet)
{
Console.WriteLine("RL Checkers");
}
IState state = new CheckerState();
CheckerState checkerState = state as CheckerState;
Agent playerOne = new Agent();
Agent playerTwo = new Agent();
// Wire player behaviors to state events
CheckerState.WireEvents(checkerState, playerOne, playerTwo);
// Train agents
if (!useInFile)
{
CheckerState.TrainZeroSum(training, !quiet, playerOne, playerTwo);
}
// Handle Serialization
if (useInFile)
{
Utilities.ReadInFile(inFile, playerOne, playerTwo);
}
if (useOutFile)
{
Utilities.WriteOutFile(outFile, playerOne);
}
// Determine victory, defeat, and cat's game events
bool playerTwoVictory = false;
bool playerTwoDefeat = false;
Action <object, EventArgs> declareVictory = (object sender, EventArgs e) => playerTwoVictory = true;
Action <object, EventArgs> declareDefeat = (object sender, EventArgs e) => playerTwoDefeat = true;
CheckerState.WhiteWins += declareVictory;
CheckerState.BlackWins += declareDefeat;
// Player competes with computer
while (!playerTwoVictory && !playerTwoDefeat)
{
checkerState = playerOne.Act(checkerState.SuccessorsBlack) as CheckerState;
checkerState.GoalTest();
if (!playerTwoVictory && !playerTwoDefeat)
{
// Display move options
List <IState> options = checkerState.SuccessorsWhite;
int moveIndex = 0;
bool validMove = false;
// Prompt the user
while (!validMove)
{
try
{
// Receive user input
CheckerState.PrintOptions(options);
Console.Write("Please select a move: ");
moveIndex = Int32.Parse(Console.ReadLine()) - 1;
// If move is not possible, throw exception
if (moveIndex < 0 || moveIndex >= options.Count)
{
throw new InvalidMoveException(moveIndex + 1);
}
// If no error was raised, mark the move as valid
validMove = true;
}
catch (InvalidMoveException e)
{
Console.Write(e.Message);
Console.WriteLine("; please select from the options listed.");
}
}
// Assign the state
checkerState = options[moveIndex] as CheckerState;
checkerState.GoalTest();
}
// Select outcome
if (playerTwoVictory)
{
Console.WriteLine("Human player wins!");
}
if (playerTwoDefeat)
{
Console.WriteLine("Computer wins!");
}
}
}
