/// <summary>
        /// Physically split features on the GIS layer.
        /// </summary>
        private bool PerformPhysicalSplit()
        {
            bool success = true;

            _viewModelMain.DataBase.BeginTransaction(true, IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted);

            try
            {
                // find next available toid_fragment_id for selected toid
                string lastToidFragmentID = _viewModelMain.RecIDs.MaxToidFragmentId(_viewModelMain.ToidsSelectedMap.ElementAt(0));

                // get a filter from the GIS selection
                List <List <SqlFilterCondition> > featuresFilter = ViewModelWindowMainHelpers.GisSelectionToWhereClause(
                    _viewModelMain.GisSelection.AsEnumerable().Skip(1).ToArray(), _viewModelMain.GisIDColumnOrdinals,
                    ViewModelWindowMain.IncidPageSize, _viewModelMain.HluDataset.incid_mm_polygons);

                if (featuresFilter.Count != 1)
                {
                    throw new Exception("Error finding features in database.");
                }

                // update records in GIS and collect new features resulting from split
                DataTable newFeatures = _viewModelMain.GISApplication.SplitFeature(lastToidFragmentID, featuresFilter[0],
                                                                                   _viewModelMain.HluDataset.incid_mm_polygons.Columns.Cast <DataColumn>().Where(c =>
                                                                                                                                                                 c.ColumnName != _viewModelMain.HluDataset.incid_mm_polygons.shape_lengthColumn.ColumnName &&
                                                                                                                                                                 c.ColumnName != _viewModelMain.HluDataset.incid_mm_polygons.shape_areaColumn.ColumnName).ToArray());

                if ((newFeatures == null) || (newFeatures.Rows.Count < 2))
                {
                    throw new Exception("Failed to update GIS layer.");
                }

                ViewModelWindowMainHistory vmHist = new ViewModelWindowMainHistory(_viewModelMain);
                vmHist.HistoryRenameGeometryPropertyColumns(
                    _viewModelMain.HluDataset.incid_mm_polygons.shape_lengthColumn.ColumnName,
                    _viewModelMain.HluDataset.incid_mm_polygons.shape_areaColumn.ColumnName, ref newFeatures);

                // get a where clause for the original split feature
                List <List <SqlFilterCondition> > originalFeatureWhereClause = ViewModelWindowMainHelpers.GisSelectionToWhereClause(
                    _viewModelMain.GisSelection.AsEnumerable().Take(1).ToArray(), _viewModelMain.GisIDColumnOrdinals,
                    ViewModelWindowMain.IncidPageSize, _viewModelMain.HluDataset.incid_mm_polygons);

                if (originalFeatureWhereClause.Count != 1)
                {
                    throw new Exception("Error finding features in database.");
                }

                // get the attributes of the split feature
                HluDataSet.incid_mm_polygonsDataTable updTable = new HluDataSet.incid_mm_polygonsDataTable();
                _viewModelMain.GetIncidMMPolygonRows(originalFeatureWhereClause, ref updTable);

                if ((updTable == null) || (updTable.Rows.Count != 1))
                {
                    throw new Exception("Failed to fetch incid_mm_polygon rows.");
                }

                // insert attributes of original split feature into history
                DataTable history = updTable.Copy();
                history.Columns[updTable.shape_lengthColumn.ColumnName].ColumnName = ViewModelWindowMain.HistoryGeometry1ColumnName;
                history.Columns[updTable.shape_areaColumn.ColumnName].ColumnName   = ViewModelWindowMain.HistoryGeometry2ColumnName;
                string[] historyColNames = (new string[] { ViewModelWindowMain.HistoryGeometry1ColumnName, ViewModelWindowMain.HistoryGeometry2ColumnName }
                                            .Concat(_viewModelMain.HistoryColumns.Select(c => c.ColumnName)).ToArray());
                DataColumn[] delCols = history.Columns.Cast <DataColumn>().Where(c => !historyColNames.Contains(c.ColumnName)).ToArray();
                foreach (DataColumn c in delCols)
                {
                    history.Columns.Remove(c);
                }

                vmHist.HistoryWrite(null, history, ViewModelWindowMain.Operations.PhysicalSplit);

                // update the original row
                if (_viewModelMain.DataBase.ExecuteNonQuery(String.Format("UPDATE {0} SET {1} WHERE {2}",
                                                                          _viewModelMain.DataBase.QualifyTableName(_viewModelMain.HluDataset.incid_mm_polygons.TableName),
                                                                          String.Join(",", newFeatures.Rows[0].ItemArray.Select((i, index) =>
                                                                                                                                new
                {
                    ColumnName = newFeatures.Columns[index].ColumnName,
                    value = i
                })
                                                                                      .Where(a => _viewModelMain.GisIDColumns.Count(c => c.ColumnName == a.ColumnName) == 0)
                                                                                      .Select(a => String.Format("{0} = {1}", _viewModelMain.DataBase.QuoteIdentifier(a.ColumnName),
                                                                                                                 _viewModelMain.DataBase.QuoteValue(a.value))).ToArray()),
                                                                          _viewModelMain.DataBase.WhereClause(false, true, true, originalFeatureWhereClause[0])),
                                                            _viewModelMain.DataBase.Connection.ConnectionTimeout, CommandType.Text) == -1)
                {
                    throw new Exception("Failed to update original row in database copy of GIS layer.");
                }

                // build an insert statement for DB shadow copy of GIS layer
                string insertStatement = String.Format("INSERT INTO {0} ({1}) VALUES (",
                                                       _viewModelMain.DataBase.QualifyTableName(_viewModelMain.HluDataset.incid_mm_polygons.TableName),
                                                       String.Join(",", newFeatures.Columns.Cast <DataColumn>().Select(c =>
                                                                                                                       _viewModelMain.DataBase.QuoteIdentifier(c.ColumnName)).ToArray())) + "{0})";

                int    toidFragID = Int32.Parse(lastToidFragmentID);
                string numFormat  = String.Format("D{0}", updTable.toid_fragment_idColumn.MaxLength);

                // insert new features returned from GIS into DB shadow copy of GIS layer
                for (int i = 1; i < newFeatures.Rows.Count; i++)
                {
                    if (_viewModelMain.DataBase.ExecuteNonQuery(String.Format(insertStatement, String.Join(",",
                                                                                                           newFeatures.Rows[i].ItemArray.Select((item, index) =>
                                                                                                                                                _viewModelMain.DataBase.QuoteValue(newFeatures.Columns[index].ColumnName ==
                                                                                                                                                                                   updTable.toid_fragment_idColumn.ColumnName ?
                                                                                                                                                                                   (toidFragID + i).ToString(numFormat) : item)).ToArray())),
                                                                _viewModelMain.DataBase.Connection.ConnectionTimeout, CommandType.Text) == -1)
                    {
                        throw new Exception("Failed to insert new rows into database copy of GIS layer.");
                    }
                }

                _viewModelMain.ViewModelUpdate.UpdateIncidModifiedColumns(_viewModelMain.IncidsSelectedMap.ElementAt(0));

                _viewModelMain.DataBase.CommitTransaction();
                _viewModelMain.HluDataset.AcceptChanges();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                _viewModelMain.DataBase.RollbackTransaction();
                success = false;
                MessageBox.Show("Split operation failed. The error message returned was:\n\n" +
                                ex.Message, "HLU Split Error", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Error);
            }
            finally
            {
                if (success)
                {
                    _viewModelMain.IncidRowCount(true);
                    _viewModelMain.ClearFilter();
                    _viewModelMain.ReadMapSelection(true);
                }
            }
            return(success);
        }