/// <summary>
    /// Runs the code example.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="user">The AdWords user.</param>
    /// <param name="adGroupId">Id of the ad group to which keywords are added.
    /// </param>
    public void Run(AdWordsUser user, long adGroupId) {
      // Get the AdGroupCriterionService.
      AdGroupCriterionService adGroupCriterionService =
          (AdGroupCriterionService) user.GetService(
              AdWordsService.v201409.AdGroupCriterionService);

      List<AdGroupCriterionOperation> operations = new List<AdGroupCriterionOperation>();

      foreach (string keywordText in KEYWORDS) {
        // Create the keyword.
        Keyword keyword = new Keyword();
        keyword.text = keywordText;
        keyword.matchType = KeywordMatchType.BROAD;

        // Create the biddable ad group criterion.
        BiddableAdGroupCriterion keywordCriterion = new BiddableAdGroupCriterion();
        keywordCriterion.adGroupId = adGroupId;
        keywordCriterion.criterion = keyword;

        // Optional: Set the user status.
        keywordCriterion.userStatus = UserStatus.PAUSED;

        // Optional: Set the keyword destination url.
        keywordCriterion.finalUrls = new UrlList() {
          urls = new string[] { "http://example.com/mars/cruise/?kw=" +
              HttpUtility.UrlEncode(keywordText) }
        };

        // Create the operations.
        AdGroupCriterionOperation operation = new AdGroupCriterionOperation();
        operation.@operator = Operator.ADD;
        operation.operand = keywordCriterion;

        operations.Add(operation);
      }
      try {
        // Create the keywords.
        AdGroupCriterionReturnValue retVal = adGroupCriterionService.mutate(operations.ToArray());

        // Display the results.
        if (retVal != null && retVal.value != null) {
          foreach (AdGroupCriterion adGroupCriterion in retVal.value) {
            // If you are adding multiple type of criteria, then you may need to
            // check for
            //
            // if (adGroupCriterion is Keyword) { ... }
            //
            // to identify the criterion type.
            Console.WriteLine("Keyword with ad group id = '{0}', keyword id = '{1}', text = " +
                "'{2}' and match type = '{3}' was created.", adGroupCriterion.adGroupId,
                adGroupCriterion.criterion.id, (adGroupCriterion.criterion as Keyword).text,
                (adGroupCriterion.criterion as Keyword).matchType);
          }
        } else {
          Console.WriteLine("No keywords were added.");
        }
      } catch (Exception ex) {
        throw new System.ApplicationException("Failed to create keywords.", ex);
      }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Runs the code example.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="user">The AdWords user.</param>
    /// <param name="adGroupId">Id of the ad group that contains the keyword.
    /// </param>
    /// <param name="keywordId">Id of the keyword to be updated.</param>
    public void Run(AdWordsUser user, long adGroupId, long keywordId) {
      // Get the AdGroupCriterionService.
      AdGroupCriterionService adGroupCriterionService =
          (AdGroupCriterionService) user.GetService(AdWordsService.v201409.AdGroupCriterionService);

      // Since we are not updating any keyword-specific fields, it is enough to
      // create a criterion object.
      Criterion criterion = new Criterion();
      criterion.id = keywordId;

      // Create ad group criterion.
      BiddableAdGroupCriterion biddableAdGroupCriterion = new BiddableAdGroupCriterion();
      biddableAdGroupCriterion.adGroupId = adGroupId;
      biddableAdGroupCriterion.criterion = criterion;

      // Create the bids.
      BiddingStrategyConfiguration biddingConfig = new BiddingStrategyConfiguration();
      CpcBid cpcBid = new CpcBid();
      cpcBid.bid = new Money();
      cpcBid.bid.microAmount = 1000000;
      biddingConfig.bids = new Bids[] {cpcBid};

      biddableAdGroupCriterion.biddingStrategyConfiguration = biddingConfig;

      // Create the operation.
      AdGroupCriterionOperation operation = new AdGroupCriterionOperation();
      operation.@operator = Operator.SET;
      operation.operand = biddableAdGroupCriterion;

      try {
        // Update the keyword.
        AdGroupCriterionReturnValue retVal =
            adGroupCriterionService.mutate(new AdGroupCriterionOperation[] {operation});

        // Display the results.
        if (retVal != null && retVal.value != null && retVal.value.Length > 0) {
          AdGroupCriterion adGroupCriterion = retVal.value[0];
          long bidAmount = 0;
          foreach (Bids bids in (adGroupCriterion as BiddableAdGroupCriterion).
              biddingStrategyConfiguration.bids) {
            if (bids is CpcBid) {
              bidAmount = (bids as CpcBid).bid.microAmount;
              break;
            }
          }

          Console.WriteLine("Keyword with ad group id = '{0}', id = '{1}' was updated with " +
              "bid amount = '{2}' micros.", adGroupCriterion.adGroupId,
              adGroupCriterion.criterion.id, bidAmount);
        } else {
          Console.WriteLine("No keyword was updated.");
        }
      } catch (Exception ex) {
        throw new System.ApplicationException("Failed to update keyword.", ex);
      }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Runs the code example.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="user">The AdWords user.</param>
    /// <param name="adGroupId">Id of the ad group that contains the keyword.
    /// </param>
    /// <param name="keywordId">Id of the keyword to be removed.</param>
    public void Run(AdWordsUser user, long adGroupId, long keywordId) {
      // Get the AdGroupCriterionService.
      AdGroupCriterionService adGroupCriterionService = (AdGroupCriterionService)user.GetService(
          AdWordsService.v201409.AdGroupCriterionService);

      // Create base class criterion to avoid setting keyword-specific fields.
      Criterion criterion = new Criterion();
      criterion.id = keywordId;

      // Create the ad group criterion.
      BiddableAdGroupCriterion adGroupCriterion = new BiddableAdGroupCriterion();
      adGroupCriterion.adGroupId = adGroupId;
      adGroupCriterion.criterion = criterion;

      // Create the operation.
      AdGroupCriterionOperation operation = new AdGroupCriterionOperation();
      operation.operand = adGroupCriterion;
      operation.@operator = Operator.REMOVE;

      try {
        // Remove the keyword.
        AdGroupCriterionReturnValue retVal = adGroupCriterionService.mutate(
            new AdGroupCriterionOperation[] {operation});

        // Display the results.
        if (retVal != null && retVal.value != null && retVal.value.Length > 0) {
          AdGroupCriterion removedKeyword = retVal.value[0];
          Console.WriteLine("Keyword with ad group id = \"{0}\" and id = \"{1}\" was removed.",
              removedKeyword.adGroupId, removedKeyword.criterion.id);
        } else {
          Console.WriteLine("No keywords were removed.");
        }
      } catch (Exception ex) {
        throw new System.ApplicationException("Failed to remove keyword.", ex);
      }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Runs the code example.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="user">The AdWords user.</param>
    /// <param name="adGroupId">Id of the ad group to which keywords are added.
    /// </param>
    public void Run(AdWordsUser user, long adGroupId) {
      // Get the AdGroupCriterionService.
      AdGroupCriterionService adGroupCriterionService =
          (AdGroupCriterionService) user.GetService(AdWordsService.v201409.AdGroupCriterionService);

      // Set partial failure mode for the service.
      adGroupCriterionService.RequestHeader.partialFailure = true;

      List<AdGroupCriterionOperation> operations = new List<AdGroupCriterionOperation>();

      // Create the placements.
      string[] urls = new String[] {"http://mars.google.com", "http:/mars.google.com",
          "mars.google.com"};

      foreach (String url in urls) {
        Placement placement = new Placement();
        placement.url = url;

        // Create biddable ad group criterion.
        BiddableAdGroupCriterion placementBiddableAdGroupCriterion = new BiddableAdGroupCriterion();
        placementBiddableAdGroupCriterion.adGroupId = adGroupId;
        placementBiddableAdGroupCriterion.criterion = placement;

        // Create the operation.
        AdGroupCriterionOperation placementAdGroupCriterionOperation =
            new AdGroupCriterionOperation();
        placementAdGroupCriterionOperation.operand = placementBiddableAdGroupCriterion;
        placementAdGroupCriterionOperation.@operator = Operator.ADD;
        operations.Add(placementAdGroupCriterionOperation);
      }

      try {
        // Create the placements.
        AdGroupCriterionReturnValue result = adGroupCriterionService.mutate(operations.ToArray());

        // Display the results.
        if (result != null && result.value != null) {
          foreach (AdGroupCriterion adGroupCriterionResult in result.value) {
            if (adGroupCriterionResult.criterion != null) {
              Console.WriteLine("Placement with ad group id '{0}', and criterion " +
                  "id '{1}', and url '{2}' was added.\n", adGroupCriterionResult.adGroupId,
                  adGroupCriterionResult.criterion.id,
                  ((Placement) adGroupCriterionResult.criterion).url);
            }
          }
        } else {
          Console.WriteLine("No placements were added.");
        }

        // Display the partial failure errors.
        if (result != null && result.partialFailureErrors != null) {
          foreach (ApiError apiError in result.partialFailureErrors) {
            int operationIndex = ErrorUtilities.GetOperationIndex(apiError.fieldPath);
            if (operationIndex != -1) {
              AdGroupCriterion adGroupCriterion = operations[operationIndex].operand;
              Console.WriteLine("Placement with ad group id '{0}' and url '{1}' "
                  + "triggered a failure for the following reason: '{2}'.\n",
                  adGroupCriterion.adGroupId, ((Placement) adGroupCriterion.criterion).url,
                  apiError.errorString);
            } else {
              Console.WriteLine("A failure for the following reason: '{0}' has occurred.\n",
                  apiError.errorString);
            }
          }
        }
      } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new System.ApplicationException("Failed to add placements in partial failure mode.",
            e);
      }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Runs the code example.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="user">The AdWords user.</param>
    /// <param name="adGroupId">Id of the ad groups to which placements are
    /// added.</param>
    public void Run(AdWordsUser user, long adGroupId) {
      // Get the MutateJobService.
      MutateJobService mutateJobService = (MutateJobService) user.GetService(
          AdWordsService.v201409.MutateJobService);

      const int RETRY_INTERVAL = 30;
      const int RETRIES_COUNT = 30;
      const int PLACEMENT_NUMBER = 100;
      const string INDEX_REGEX = "operations\\[(\\d+)\\].operand";

      List<Operation> operations = new List<Operation>();

      // Create AdGroupCriterionOperation to add placements.
      for (int i = 0; i < PLACEMENT_NUMBER; i++) {
        Placement placement = new Placement();
        placement.url = "http://mars.google.com/" + i.ToString();

        BiddableAdGroupCriterion criterion = new BiddableAdGroupCriterion();
        criterion.adGroupId = adGroupId;
        criterion.criterion = placement;

        AdGroupCriterionOperation adGroupCriterionOperation = new AdGroupCriterionOperation();
        adGroupCriterionOperation.@operator = Operator.ADD;
        adGroupCriterionOperation.operand = criterion;

        operations.Add(adGroupCriterionOperation);
      }

      BulkMutateJobPolicy policy = new BulkMutateJobPolicy();
      // You can specify up to 3 job IDs that must successfully complete before
      // this job can be processed.
      policy.prerequisiteJobIds = new long[] {};

      SimpleMutateJob job = mutateJobService.mutate(operations.ToArray(), policy);

      // Wait for the job to complete.
      bool completed = false;
      int retryCount = 0;
      Console.WriteLine("Retrieving job status...");

      while (completed == false && retryCount < RETRIES_COUNT) {
        BulkMutateJobSelector selector = new BulkMutateJobSelector();
        selector.jobIds = new long[] {job.id};

        try {
          Job[] allJobs = mutateJobService.get(selector);
          if (allJobs != null && allJobs.Length > 0) {
            job = (SimpleMutateJob) allJobs[0];
            if (job.status == BasicJobStatus.COMPLETED || job.status == BasicJobStatus.FAILED) {
              completed = true;
              break;
            } else {
              Console.WriteLine("{0}: Current status is {1}, waiting {2} seconds to retry...",
                  retryCount, job.status, RETRY_INTERVAL);
              Thread.Sleep(RETRY_INTERVAL * 1000);
              retryCount++;
            }
          }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
          throw new System.ApplicationException(string.Format("Failed to fetch simple mutate " +
              "job with id = {0}.", job.id), ex);
        }
      }

      if (job.status == BasicJobStatus.COMPLETED) {
        // Handle cases where the job completed.

        // Create the job selector.
        BulkMutateJobSelector selector = new BulkMutateJobSelector();
        selector.jobIds = new long[] {job.id};

        // Get the job results.
        JobResult jobResult = mutateJobService.getResult(selector);
        if (jobResult != null) {
          SimpleMutateResult results = (SimpleMutateResult) jobResult.Item;
          if (results != null) {
            // Display the results.
            if (results.results != null) {
              for (int i = 0; i < results.results.Length; i++) {
                Operand operand = results.results[i];
                Console.WriteLine("Operation {0} - {1}", i, (operand.Item is PlaceHolder) ?
                    "FAILED" : "SUCCEEDED");
              }
            }

            // Display the errors.
            if (results.errors != null) {
              foreach (ApiError apiError in results.errors) {
                Match match = Regex.Match(apiError.fieldPath, INDEX_REGEX, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
                string index = (match.Success)? match.Groups[1].Value : "???";
                Console.WriteLine("Operation index {0} failed due to reason: '{1}', " +
                    "trigger: '{2}'", index, apiError.errorString, apiError.trigger);
              }
            }
          }
        }
        Console.WriteLine("Job completed successfully!");
      } else if (job.status == BasicJobStatus.FAILED) {
        // Handle the cases where job failed.
        Console.WriteLine("Job failed with reason: " + job.failureReason);
      } else if (job.status == BasicJobStatus.PROCESSING || job.status == BasicJobStatus.PENDING) {
        // Handle the cases where job didn't complete after wait period.
        Console.WriteLine("Job did not complete in {0} secconds.", RETRY_INTERVAL * RETRIES_COUNT);
      }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Runs the code example.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="user">The AdWords user.</param>
    /// <param name="campaignId">Id of the campaign to which experiments are
    /// added.</param>
    /// <param name="adGroupId">Id of the ad group to which experiments are
    /// added.</param>
    /// <param name="criterionId">Id of the criterion for which experiments
    /// are added.</param>
    public void Run(AdWordsUser user, long campaignId, long adGroupId, long criterionId) {
      // Get the ExperimentService.
      ExperimentService experimentService =
          (ExperimentService) user.GetService(AdWordsService.v201409.ExperimentService);

      // Get the AdGroupService.
      AdGroupService adGroupService =
          (AdGroupService) user.GetService(AdWordsService.v201409.AdGroupService);

      // Get the AdGroupCriterionService.
      AdGroupCriterionService adGroupCriterionService =
          (AdGroupCriterionService) user.GetService(AdWordsService.v201409.AdGroupCriterionService);

      // Create the experiment.
      Experiment experiment = new Experiment();
      experiment.campaignId = campaignId;
      experiment.name = "Interplanetary Cruise #" + ExampleUtilities.GetRandomString();
      experiment.queryPercentage = 10;
      experiment.startDateTime = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1).ToString("yyyyMMdd HHmmss");

      // Optional: Set the end date.
      experiment.endDateTime = DateTime.Now.AddDays(30).ToString("yyyyMMdd HHmmss");

      // Optional: Set the status.
      experiment.status = ExperimentStatus.ENABLED;

      // Create the operation.
      ExperimentOperation experimentOperation = new ExperimentOperation();
      experimentOperation.@operator = Operator.ADD;
      experimentOperation.operand = experiment;

      try {
        // Add the experiment.
        ExperimentReturnValue experimentRetVal = experimentService.mutate(
            new ExperimentOperation[] {experimentOperation});

        // Display the results.
        if (experimentRetVal != null && experimentRetVal.value != null && experimentRetVal.value.
            Length > 0) {
          long experimentId = 0;

          Experiment newExperiment = experimentRetVal.value[0];

          Console.WriteLine("Experiment with name = \"{0}\" and id = \"{1}\" was added.\n",
              newExperiment.name, newExperiment.id);
          experimentId = newExperiment.id;

          // Set ad group for the experiment.
          AdGroup adGroup = new AdGroup();
          adGroup.id = adGroupId;

          // Create experiment bid multiplier rule that will modify ad group bid
          // for the experiment.
          ManualCPCAdGroupExperimentBidMultipliers adGroupBidMultiplier =
              new ManualCPCAdGroupExperimentBidMultipliers();
          adGroupBidMultiplier.maxCpcMultiplier = new BidMultiplier();
          adGroupBidMultiplier.maxCpcMultiplier.multiplier = 1.5;

          // Set experiment data to the ad group.
          AdGroupExperimentData adGroupExperimentData = new AdGroupExperimentData();
          adGroupExperimentData.experimentId = experimentId;
          adGroupExperimentData.experimentDeltaStatus = ExperimentDeltaStatus.MODIFIED;
          adGroupExperimentData.experimentBidMultipliers = adGroupBidMultiplier;

          adGroup.experimentData = adGroupExperimentData;

          // Create the operation.
          AdGroupOperation adGroupOperation = new AdGroupOperation();
          adGroupOperation.operand = adGroup;
          adGroupOperation.@operator = Operator.SET;

          // Update the ad group.
          AdGroupReturnValue adGroupRetVal = adGroupService.mutate(new AdGroupOperation[] {
              adGroupOperation});

          // Display the results.
          if (adGroupRetVal != null && adGroupRetVal.value != null &&
              adGroupRetVal.value.Length > 0) {
            AdGroup updatedAdGroup = adGroupRetVal.value[0];
            Console.WriteLine("Ad group with name = \"{0}\", id = \"{1}\" and status = \"{2}\" " +
                "was updated for the experiment.\n", updatedAdGroup.name, updatedAdGroup.id,
                updatedAdGroup.status);
          } else {
            Console.WriteLine("No ad groups were updated.");
          }

          // Set ad group criteria for the experiment.
          Criterion criterion = new Criterion();
          criterion.id = criterionId;

          BiddableAdGroupCriterion adGroupCriterion = new BiddableAdGroupCriterion();
          adGroupCriterion.adGroupId = adGroupId;
          adGroupCriterion.criterion = criterion;

          // Create experiment bid multiplier rule that will modify criterion bid
          // for the experiment.
          ManualCPCAdGroupCriterionExperimentBidMultiplier bidMultiplier =
              new ManualCPCAdGroupCriterionExperimentBidMultiplier();
          bidMultiplier.maxCpcMultiplier = new BidMultiplier();
          bidMultiplier.maxCpcMultiplier.multiplier = 1.5;

          // Set experiment data to the criterion.
          BiddableAdGroupCriterionExperimentData adGroupCriterionExperimentData =
              new BiddableAdGroupCriterionExperimentData();
          adGroupCriterionExperimentData.experimentId = experimentId;
          adGroupCriterionExperimentData.experimentDeltaStatus = ExperimentDeltaStatus.MODIFIED;
          adGroupCriterionExperimentData.experimentBidMultiplier = bidMultiplier;

          adGroupCriterion.experimentData = adGroupCriterionExperimentData;

          // Create the operation.
          AdGroupCriterionOperation adGroupCriterionOperation = new AdGroupCriterionOperation();
          adGroupCriterionOperation.operand = adGroupCriterion;
          adGroupCriterionOperation.@operator = Operator.SET;

          // Update the ad group criteria.
          AdGroupCriterionReturnValue adGroupCriterionRetVal = adGroupCriterionService.mutate(
              new AdGroupCriterionOperation[] {adGroupCriterionOperation});

          // Display the results.
          if (adGroupCriterionRetVal != null && adGroupCriterionRetVal.value != null &&
              adGroupCriterionRetVal.value.Length > 0) {
            AdGroupCriterion updatedAdGroupCriterion = adGroupCriterionRetVal.value[0];
            Console.WriteLine("Ad group criterion with ad group id = \"{0}\", criterion id = "
                + "\"{1}\" and type = \"{2}\" was updated for the experiment.\n",
                updatedAdGroupCriterion.adGroupId, updatedAdGroupCriterion.criterion.id,
                updatedAdGroupCriterion.criterion.CriterionType);
          } else {
            Console.WriteLine("No ad group criteria were updated.");
          }
        } else {
          Console.WriteLine("No experiments were added.");
        }
      } catch (Exception ex) {
        throw new System.ApplicationException("Failed to add experiment.", ex);
      }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Runs the code example.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="user">The AdWords user.</param>
    /// <param name="adGroupId">Id of the ad group to which keywords are added.
    /// </param>
    public void Run(AdWordsUser user, long adGroupId) {
      // Get the AdGroupCriterionService.
      AdGroupCriterionService adGroupCriterionService =
          (AdGroupCriterionService) user.GetService(AdWordsService.v201409.AdGroupCriterionService);

      // Set partial failure mode for the service.
      adGroupCriterionService.RequestHeader.partialFailure = true;

      List<AdGroupCriterionOperation> operations = new List<AdGroupCriterionOperation>();

      // Create the keywords.
      string[] keywords = new String[] {"mars cruise", "inv@lid cruise", "venus cruise",
          "b(a)d keyword cruise"};

      foreach (String keywordText in keywords) {
        Keyword keyword = new Keyword();
        keyword.text = keywordText;
        keyword.matchType = KeywordMatchType.BROAD;

        // Create biddable ad group criterion.
        BiddableAdGroupCriterion keywordBiddableAdGroupCriterion = new BiddableAdGroupCriterion();
        keywordBiddableAdGroupCriterion.adGroupId = adGroupId;
        keywordBiddableAdGroupCriterion.criterion = keyword;

        // Create the operation.
        AdGroupCriterionOperation keywordAdGroupCriterionOperation =
            new AdGroupCriterionOperation();
        keywordAdGroupCriterionOperation.operand = keywordBiddableAdGroupCriterion;
        keywordAdGroupCriterionOperation.@operator = Operator.ADD;
        operations.Add(keywordAdGroupCriterionOperation);
      }

      try {
        // Create the keywords.
        AdGroupCriterionReturnValue result = adGroupCriterionService.mutate(operations.ToArray());

        // Display the results.
        if (result != null && result.value != null) {
          foreach (AdGroupCriterion adGroupCriterionResult in result.value) {
            if (adGroupCriterionResult.criterion != null) {
              Console.WriteLine("Keyword with ad group id '{0}', criterion id '{1}', and " +
                  "text '{2}' was added.\n", adGroupCriterionResult.adGroupId,
                  adGroupCriterionResult.criterion.id,
                  ((Keyword) adGroupCriterionResult.criterion).text);
            }
          }
        } else {
          Console.WriteLine("No keywords were added.");
        }

        // Display the partial failure errors.
        if (result != null && result.partialFailureErrors != null) {
          foreach (ApiError apiError in result.partialFailureErrors) {
            int operationIndex = ErrorUtilities.GetOperationIndex(apiError.fieldPath);
            if (operationIndex != -1) {
              AdGroupCriterion adGroupCriterion = operations[operationIndex].operand;
              Console.WriteLine("Keyword with ad group id '{0}' and text '{1}' "
                  + "triggered a failure for the following reason: '{2}'.\n",
                  adGroupCriterion.adGroupId, ((Keyword) adGroupCriterion.criterion).text,
                  apiError.errorString);
            } else {
              Console.WriteLine("A failure for the following reason: '{0}' has occurred.\n",
                  apiError.errorString);
            }
          }
        }
      } catch (Exception ex) {
        throw new System.ApplicationException("Failed to add keywords in partial failure mode.",
            ex);
      }
    }
      /// <summary>
      /// Main method for the thread.
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="obj">The thread parameter.</param>
      public void Run(Object obj) {
        // Create the operations.
        List<AdGroupCriterionOperation> operations = new List<AdGroupCriterionOperation>();

        for (int j = 0; j < NUM_KEYWORDS; j++) {
          // Create the keyword.
          Keyword keyword = new Keyword();
          keyword.text = "mars cruise thread " + threadIndex.ToString() + " seed " + j.ToString();
          keyword.matchType = KeywordMatchType.BROAD;

          // Create the biddable ad group criterion.
          AdGroupCriterion keywordCriterion = new BiddableAdGroupCriterion();
          keywordCriterion.adGroupId = adGroupId;
          keywordCriterion.criterion = keyword;

          // Create the operations.
          AdGroupCriterionOperation keywordOperation = new AdGroupCriterionOperation();
          keywordOperation.@operator = Operator.ADD;
          keywordOperation.operand = keywordCriterion;

          operations.Add(keywordOperation);
        }

        // Get the AdGroupCriterionService. This should be done within the
        // thread, since a service can only handle one outgoing HTTP request
        // at a time.
        AdGroupCriterionService service = (AdGroupCriterionService) user.GetService(
            AdWordsService.v201409.AdGroupCriterionService);
        service.RequestHeader.validateOnly = true;
        int retryCount = 0;
        const int NUM_RETRIES = 3;
        try {
          while (retryCount < NUM_RETRIES) {
            try {
              // Validate the keywords.
              AdGroupCriterionReturnValue retval = service.mutate(operations.ToArray());
              break;
            } catch (AdWordsApiException ex) {
              // Handle API errors.
              ApiException innerException = ex.ApiException as ApiException;
              if (innerException == null) {
                throw new Exception("Failed to retrieve ApiError. See inner exception for more " +
                    "details.", ex);
              }
              foreach (ApiError apiError in innerException.errors) {
                if (!(apiError is RateExceededError)) {
                  // Rethrow any errors other than RateExceededError.
                  throw;
                }
                // Handle rate exceeded errors.
                RateExceededError rateExceededError = (RateExceededError) apiError;
                Console.WriteLine("Got Rate exceeded error - rate name = '{0}', scope = '{1}', " +
                    "retry After {2} seconds.", rateExceededError.rateScope,
                    rateExceededError.rateName, rateExceededError.retryAfterSeconds);
                Thread.Sleep(rateExceededError.retryAfterSeconds * 1000);
                retryCount = retryCount + 1;
              }
            } finally {
              if (retryCount == NUM_RETRIES) {
                throw new Exception(String.Format("Could not recover after making {0} attempts.",
                    retryCount));
              }
            }
          }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
          throw new System.ApplicationException("Failed to validate keywords.", ex);
        }
      }
    /// <summary>
    /// Creates the placement.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="user">The AdWords user.</param>
    /// <param name="adGroupId">The adgroup id for which the placement is
    /// created.</param>
    /// <returns>The placement id.</returns>
    public long CreatePlacement(AdWordsUser user, long adGroupId) {
      AdGroupCriterionService adGroupCriterionService =
          (AdGroupCriterionService) user.GetService(AdWordsService.v201409.AdGroupCriterionService);

      Placement placement = new Placement();
      placement.url = "http://mars.google.com";

      AdGroupCriterion placementCriterion = new BiddableAdGroupCriterion();
      placementCriterion.adGroupId = adGroupId;
      placementCriterion.criterion = placement;

      AdGroupCriterionOperation placementOperation = new AdGroupCriterionOperation();
      placementOperation.@operator = Operator.ADD;
      placementOperation.operand = placementCriterion;

      AdGroupCriterionReturnValue retVal = adGroupCriterionService.mutate(
          new AdGroupCriterionOperation[] {placementOperation});

      return retVal.value[0].criterion.id;
    }
      /// <summary>
      /// Creates a subdivision node.
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="parent">The node that should be this node's parent.
      /// </param>
      /// <param name="value">The value being paritioned on.</param>
      /// <returns>A new subdivision node.</returns>
      public ProductPartition CreateSubdivision(ProductPartition parent, ProductDimension value) {
        ProductPartition division = new ProductPartition();
        division.partitionType = ProductPartitionType.SUBDIVISION;
        division.id = this.nextId--;

        // The root node has neither a parent nor a value.
        if (parent != null) {
          division.parentCriterionId = parent.id;
          division.caseValue = value;
        }

        BiddableAdGroupCriterion criterion = new BiddableAdGroupCriterion();
        criterion.adGroupId = this.adGroupId;
        criterion.criterion = division;

        this.CreateAddOperation(criterion);
        return division;
      }
      /// <summary>
      /// Creates the unit.
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="parent">The node that should be this node's parent.
      /// </param>
      /// <param name="value">The value being paritioned on.</param>
      /// <param name="bidAmount">The amount to bid for matching products,
      /// in micros.</param>
      /// <param name="isNegative">True, if this is negative criterion, false
      /// otherwise.</param>
      /// <returns>A new unit node.</returns>
      public ProductPartition CreateUnit(ProductPartition parent, ProductDimension value,
          long bidAmount, bool isNegative) {
        ProductPartition unit = new ProductPartition();
        unit.partitionType = ProductPartitionType.UNIT;

        // The root node has neither a parent nor a value.
        if (parent != null) {
          unit.parentCriterionId = parent.id;
          unit.caseValue = value;
        }

        AdGroupCriterion criterion;

        if (isNegative) {
          criterion = new NegativeAdGroupCriterion();
        } else {
          BiddingStrategyConfiguration biddingStrategyConfiguration =
              new BiddingStrategyConfiguration();

          CpcBid cpcBid = new CpcBid();
          cpcBid.bid = new Money();
          cpcBid.bid.microAmount = bidAmount;
          biddingStrategyConfiguration.bids = new Bids[] { cpcBid };

          criterion = new BiddableAdGroupCriterion();
          (criterion as BiddableAdGroupCriterion).biddingStrategyConfiguration =
              biddingStrategyConfiguration;
        }

        criterion.adGroupId = this.adGroupId;
        criterion.criterion = unit;

        this.CreateAddOperation(criterion);

        return unit;
      }