protected virtual void EmitInvalidElementError(ValidationContext validationContext,
                                                       ParticleMatchInfo particleMatchInfo)
        {
            OpenXmlElement child;

            // re-validate the element, collect the expected children information 
            if (particleMatchInfo.Match != ParticleMatch.Nomatch)
            {
#if DEBUG
                var oldParticleMatchInfo = particleMatchInfo;
                particleMatchInfo = new ParticleMatchInfo();
#endif
                child = validationContext.GetFirstChildMc();
                validationContext.CollectExpectedChildren = true;
                particleMatchInfo.Reset(child);
                particleMatchInfo.InitExpectedChildren();
                this.TryMatch(particleMatchInfo, validationContext);
                validationContext.CollectExpectedChildren = false;

#if DEBUG
                Debug.Assert(particleMatchInfo.Match == oldParticleMatchInfo.Match);
                Debug.Assert(particleMatchInfo.LastMatchedElement == oldParticleMatchInfo.LastMatchedElement);
#endif
            }

            var element = validationContext.Element;
            if (particleMatchInfo.LastMatchedElement == null)
            {
                child = validationContext.GetFirstChildMc();
            }
            else
            {
                child = validationContext.GetNextChildMc(particleMatchInfo.LastMatchedElement);
            }

            ValidationErrorInfo errorInfo;
            string expectedChildren = null;

            switch (particleMatchInfo.Match)
            {
                case ParticleMatch.Nomatch:
                    expectedChildren = GetExpectedChildrenMessage(validationContext.Element, this.GetExpectedElements());
                    break;

                case ParticleMatch.Partial:
                    // error: the child can not be matched, it is invalid
                    if (child == null)
                    {
                        // missing child
                        errorInfo = validationContext.ComposeSchemaValidationError(element, null, "Sch_IncompleteContentExpectingComplex", GetExpectedChildrenMessage(element, particleMatchInfo.ExpectedChildren));
                        validationContext.EmitError(errorInfo);

                        return;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        expectedChildren = GetExpectedChildrenMessage(validationContext.Element, particleMatchInfo.ExpectedChildren);
                    }
                    break;

                case ParticleMatch.Matched:
                    if (this.ParticleConstraint.CanOccursMoreThanOne)
                    {
                        expectedChildren = GetExpectedChildrenMessage(validationContext.Element, this.GetExpectedElements());
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        expectedChildren = GetExpectedChildrenMessage(validationContext.Element, particleMatchInfo.ExpectedChildren);
                    }
                    break;
            }

            if (validationContext.Element.CanContainsChild(child))
            {
                // The child can be contained in the parent, but not follow the schema.
                errorInfo = validationContext.ComposeSchemaValidationError(element, child, "Sch_UnexpectedElementContentExpectingComplex", child.XmlQualifiedName.ToString(), expectedChildren);
            }
            else
            {
                //Fix bug #448264, specifal case: same element name, but wrong type. Only occurs when validating memory DOM.
                var validElement = element.TryCreateValidChild(validationContext.FileFormat, child.NamespaceUri, child.LocalName);
                if (validElement == null)
                {
                    errorInfo = validationContext.ComposeSchemaValidationError(element, child, "Sch_InvalidElementContentExpectingComplex", child.XmlQualifiedName.ToString(), expectedChildren);
                }
                else
                {
                    // parent can contains a different type of element with same name
                    errorInfo = validationContext.ComposeSchemaValidationError(element, child, "Sch_InvalidElementContentWrongType", child.XmlQualifiedName.ToString(), child.GetType().Name);
                }
            }
            validationContext.EmitError(errorInfo);
        }
        protected override void EmitInvalidElementError(ValidationContext validationContext,
                                               ParticleMatchInfo particleMatchInfo)
        {
            var element = validationContext.Element;
            OpenXmlElement child;

            if (particleMatchInfo.LastMatchedElement == null)
            {
                child = validationContext.GetFirstChildMc();
            }
            else
            {
                child = validationContext.GetNextChildMc(particleMatchInfo.LastMatchedElement);
            }

            string expectedChildren;
            ValidationErrorInfo errorInfo;

            switch (particleMatchInfo.Match)
            {
                case ParticleMatch.Nomatch:
                    expectedChildren = GetExpectedChildrenMessage(validationContext.Element, this.GetExpectedElements());
                    errorInfo = validationContext.ComposeSchemaValidationError(element, child, "Sch_InvalidElementContentExpectingComplex", child.XmlQualifiedName.ToString(), expectedChildren);
                    validationContext.EmitError(errorInfo);
                    break;

                case ParticleMatch.Partial:
                case ParticleMatch.Matched:
                    if (this._childrenParticles.ContainsKey(child.ElementTypeId))
                    {
                        // more than one occurs of a child.
                        errorInfo = validationContext.ComposeSchemaValidationError(element, child, "Sch_AllElement", child.XmlQualifiedName.ToString());
                        validationContext.EmitError(errorInfo);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        expectedChildren = GetExpectedChildrenMessage(validationContext.Element, particleMatchInfo.ExpectedChildren);
                        errorInfo = validationContext.ComposeSchemaValidationError(element, child, "Sch_InvalidElementContentExpectingComplex", child.XmlQualifiedName.ToString(), expectedChildren);
                        validationContext.EmitError(errorInfo);
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Be called on root particle of complex type.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="validationContext"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        internal override void Validate(ValidationContext validationContext)
        {
            Debug.Assert(validationContext != null);

            OpenXmlCompositeElement element = validationContext.Element as OpenXmlCompositeElement;
            Debug.Assert(element != null);

            var child = validationContext.GetFirstChildMc();
            ValidationErrorInfo errorInfo;

            // no children
            if (child == null)
            {
                if (this.ParticleConstraint.MinOccurs == 0)
                {
                    // no child, ok
                    return;
                }
                else
                {
                    var requiredElements = this.GetRequiredElements();

                    if ( requiredElements.Count > 0 )
                    {
                        errorInfo = validationContext.ComposeSchemaValidationError(element, null, "Sch_IncompleteContentExpectingComplex", GetExpectedChildrenMessage(element, requiredElements));
                        validationContext.EmitError(errorInfo);
                    }
                    return;
                }
            }

            if (this._particleMatchInfo == null)
            {
                this._particleMatchInfo = new ParticleMatchInfo(child);
            }
            else
            {
                _particleMatchInfo.Reset(child);
            }


            this.TryMatch(_particleMatchInfo, validationContext);

            switch (_particleMatchInfo.Match)
            {
                case ParticleMatch.Nomatch:
                    // error: can not be matched, it is invalid
                    EmitInvalidElementError(validationContext, _particleMatchInfo);
                    return;

                case ParticleMatch.Partial:
                    EmitInvalidElementError(validationContext, _particleMatchInfo);
                    return;

                case ParticleMatch.Matched:
                    Debug.Assert(_particleMatchInfo.LastMatchedElement != null);
                    child = validationContext.GetNextChildMc(_particleMatchInfo.LastMatchedElement);
                    {
                        // Two cases now.
                        // 1. All children be matched.
                        // 2. Too many children ( > maxOccurs ).

                        if (child != null)
                        {
                            // invalid child 
                            EmitInvalidElementError(validationContext, _particleMatchInfo);
                            // TODO: how can we tell the user what is the required child? Use reflection in OpenXmlElement.
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            //Debug.Assert(result.Valid == true);
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }

            return;
        }