/// <summary>
/// Skips the next instruction if VX == VY
/// </summary>
private void SkipXEqualsY(OpCodeData data)
{
if (_registers[data.X] == _registers[data.Y])
{
_pc += 2;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Saves all registers from the address in register I
/// </summary>
private void SetX(OpCodeData data)
{
for (var i = 0; i <= data.X; i++)
{
_memory[_index + i] = _registers[i];
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Skips the next instruction if VX == NN
/// </summary>
private void SkipXEqualsNN(OpCodeData data)
{
if (_registers[data.X] == data.NN)
{
_pc += 2;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Executes the opcode beginning with 0xF
/// </summary>
private void MiscF(OpCodeData data)
{
if (_miscFOpCodes.ContainsKey(data.NN))
{
_miscFOpCodes[data.NN](data);
}
else
{
throw new NotSupportedException($"The opcode F{data.NNN:X3} is not supported");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Clears the screen (set all fixels to false/>
/// </summary>
private void ClearScreen(OpCodeData data)
{
for (int y = 0; y < DISPLAY_HEIGHT; y++)
{
for (int x = 0; x < DISPLAY_WIDTH; x++)
{
_displayBuffer[y, x] = false;
}
}
_redrawScreen = true;
}
private void AddXToI(OpCodeData data)
{
if (_registers[data.X] + _index > 0xFFF)
{
_registers[0xF] = 1;
}
else
{
_registers[0xF] = 0;
}
_index += _registers[data.X];
}
/// <summary>
/// Waits for a key to be pressed by looping at the current instruction
/// </summary>
private void AwaitAndStoreKeyPress(OpCodeData data)
{
var keys = _inputDevice.GetPressedKeys();
if (keys.Length == 0)
{
_pc -= 2;
}
else
{
_registers[data.X] = keys[0];
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Draws an N-byte sprite from register I at (VX / VY). Sets VF=1 a collision occures
/// </summary>
private void DrawSprite(OpCodeData data)
{
byte x = _registers[data.X]; // The x coordinate of the sprite
byte y = _registers[data.Y]; // The y coordinate of the sprite
byte height = data.N; // The height of the sprite
_registers[0xF] = 0; // Set VF to 0 before we start drawing the sprite
for (int yline = 0; yline < height; yline++) // Loop through all the lines of the sprite (defined by the height)
{
var spriteLine = _memory[_index + yline]; // One horizontal 8bit long line of the sprite.
for (int xline = 0; xline < 8; xline++) // Loop through all individual bits of the line
{
byte xCoord = (byte)((x + xline) % DISPLAY_WIDTH); // The x xoordinate of the pixel
byte yCoord = (byte)((y + yline) % DISPLAY_HEIGHT); // The y xoordinate of the pixel
var spriteBit = (spriteLine >> (7 - xline)) & 1; // The new pixel
var oldBit = _displayBuffer[yCoord, xCoord] ? 1 : 0; // The current drawn pixel
// If the new pixel isn't equal to the old, the screen has to be redrawn ( = refresh it)
if (oldBit != spriteBit)
{
_redrawScreen = true;
}
// New bit is XOR of existing and new.
var newBit = oldBit ^ spriteBit;
_displayBuffer[yCoord, xCoord] = newBit == 1;
// If we wiped out a pixel, set flag for collission (VF = 1)
if (oldBit == 1 && newBit == 0)
{
_registers[0xF] = 1;
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Skips the next instruction based on the key at VX being pressed / not pressed.
/// </summary>
private void KeyPressedOps(OpCodeData data)
{
var keys = _inputDevice.GetPressedKeys();
switch (data.NN)
{
case 0x9E:
// If key is pressed
if (keys.Contains(_registers[data.X]))
{
_pc += 2;
}
break;
case 0xA1:
// If key is NOT pressed
if (!keys.Contains(_registers[data.X]))
{
_pc += 2;
}
break;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets I to the correct location of the font sprite VX
/// Each font sprite is 5 bytes long.
/// </summary>
private void SetIToFont(OpCodeData data)
{
var font = _registers[data.X];
_index = (ushort)(FONT_INDEX + (font * 5));
}
/// <summary>
/// Takes the decimal representation of VX and puts each character into memory locations
/// starting at I (with a maximum of 3)
/// </summary
private void SetIToBCD(OpCodeData data)
{
_memory[_index] = (byte)(_registers[data.X] / 100);
_memory[_index + 1] = (byte)((_registers[data.X] / 10) % 10);
_memory[_index + 2] = (byte)((_registers[data.X] % 100) % 10);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns from a subroutine with setting the program-counter to the top most element on the stack
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data"></param>
private void ReturnSubroutine(OpCodeData data)
{
_pc = _stack.Pop();
}
/// <summary>
/// Jumps to location NNN + V0
/// Not a subroutine, so old program counter is not pushed to the stack
/// </summary>
private void JumpToNNNPlusV0(OpCodeData data)
{
_pc = (ushort)(data.NNN + _registers[0]);
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets the sound timer to the value of VX
/// </summary>
private void SetSoundTimer(OpCodeData data)
{
_soundTimer = _registers[data.X];
}
/// <summary>
/// ANDs a random number with NN and stores in VX
/// </summary>
private void SetRandomX(OpCodeData data)
{
_registers[data.X] = (byte)(_rng.Next(0, 0xFF) & data.NN);
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets the value of VX to NN
/// </summary>
private void SetXToNN(OpCodeData data)
{
_registers[data.X] = data.NN;
}
/// <summary>
/// Adds NN to VX
/// </summary>
private void AddXToNN(OpCodeData data)
{
_registers[data.X] += data.NN;
}
/// <summary>
/// Performs some kind of math on VX
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data"></param>
private void Arithmetic(OpCodeData data)
{
switch (data.N)
{
case 0x0:
// Store the value of register VY in register VX
_registers[data.X] = _registers[data.Y];
break;
case 0x1:
// Set VX to VX OR VY
_registers[data.X] |= _registers[data.Y];
break;
case 0x2:
// Set VX to VX AND VY
_registers[data.X] &= _registers[data.Y];
break;
case 0x3:
// Set VX to VX XOR VY
_registers[data.X] ^= _registers[data.Y];
break;
case 0x4:
// Add the value of register VY to register VX
// Set VF to 1 if a carry occurs
// Set VF to 0 if a carry does not occur
if (_registers[data.X] + _registers[data.Y] > 0xFF)
{
_registers[0xF] = 1;
}
else
{
_registers[0xF] = 0;
}
_registers[data.X] += _registers[data.Y];
break;
case 0x5:
// Subtract the value of register VY from register VX
// Set VF to 00 if a borrow occurs
// Set VF to 01 if a borrow does not occur
if (_registers[data.X] - _registers[data.Y] < 0)
{
_registers[0xF] = 0;
}
else
{
_registers[0xF] = 1;
}
_registers[data.X] -= _registers[data.Y];
break;
case 0x6:
// Store the value of register VX shifted right one bit in register VX
// Set register VF to the least significant bit prior to the shift
_registers[0xF] = (byte)(_registers[data.X] & 0b0000_0001);
_registers[data.X] = (byte)(_registers[data.X] >> 0x1);
break;
case 0x7:
// Set register VX to the value of VY minus VX
// Set VF to 00 if a borrow occurs
// Set VF to 01 if a borrow does not occur
if (_registers[data.Y] - _registers[data.X] < 0)
{
_registers[0xF] = 0;
}
else
{
_registers[0xF] = 1;
}
_registers[data.X] = (byte)(_registers[data.Y] - _registers[data.X]);
break;
case 0xE:
// Store the value of register VX shifted left one bit in register VX
// Set register VF to the most significant bit prior to the shift
_registers[0xF] = (byte)(_registers[data.X] >> 7);
_registers[data.X] = (byte)(_registers[data.X] << 0x1);
break;
default:
throw new NotSupportedException($"{data.N:X1} is not supported");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets the I register to NNN
/// </summary>
private void SetIToNNN(OpCodeData data)
{
_index = data.NNN;
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets the delay timer to the value of VX
/// </summary>
private void SetDelayTimer(OpCodeData data)
{
_delayTimer = _registers[data.X];
}
/// <summary>
/// Jumps to subroutine NNN
/// Unlike Jump, this pushes the previous program counter to the stack to allow return
/// </summary>
private void CallSubroutine(OpCodeData data)
{
_stack.Push(_pc);
_pc = data.NNN;
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets VX to the value of the delay timer
/// </summary>
private void SetXToTimer(OpCodeData data)
{
_registers[data.X] = (byte)_delayTimer;
}
/// <summary>
/// Jumps to location NNN
/// Not a subroutine, so old program counter is not pushed to the stack
/// </summary>
private void JumpToNNN(OpCodeData data)
{
_pc = data.NNN;
}