// the public interface to other classes, kicks off threaded
// task, then returns to caller. caller polls AI.Done to see
// if threaded task is done
public void SelectMove(GameBoard board)
{
m_Done = false;
m_Move = 0;
m_Status = 0;
m_ThreadParam.Board = board;
m_ThreadParam.Depth = Depth;
Thread task = new Thread(SelectMoveTask);
task.Start();
}
// examine every valid move, trying to maximize Player.One's score
private int Max(GameBoard board, int depth, int alpha, int beta, ref int move)
{
// have we recursed far enough?
if (depth <= 0)
{
return Evaluate(board);
}
for (int index = 0; index < board.ValidMoves.Count; index++)
{
// report status if we're at top-most recursion depth
if (depth == Depth)
{
m_Status = (double)index / (double)board.ValidMoves.Count;
}
// copy current board
GameBoard board2 = new GameBoard(board);
// make move based on ValidMoves[index]
board2.MakeMove(index);
// get best move that opponent can make
int val = Min(board2, depth - 1, alpha, beta, ref move);
if (val >= beta)
{
// already found a better branch than this can possibly be
return beta;
}
if (val > alpha)
{
// found a better score!
alpha = val;
if (depth == Depth)
{
// udpate move if this is top-level
move = index;
}
}
}
// return best score found
return alpha;
}
// called by base class from seperate thread
protected override int SelectMoveRecursive(GameBoard board, int depth)
{
// assume first move is the best
int move = 0;
// best score, based on player
if (board.CurrentPlayer == Player.One)
{
move = FindBestMove(board, true, int.MinValue);
}
else if (board.CurrentPlayer == Player.Two)
{
move = FindBestMove(board, false, int.MaxValue);
}
// return selected move
return move;
}
// called by base class from seperate thread
protected override int SelectMoveRecursive(GameBoard board, int depth)
{
// default to the first valid move
int move = 0;
// select min or max method based on player
if (board.CurrentPlayer == Player.One)
{
int score = Max(board, Depth, ref move);
}
else if (board.CurrentPlayer == Player.Two)
{
int score = Min(board, Depth, ref move);
}
// return selected move (may have been updated by Min or Max)
return move;
}
// examine every valid move, trying to maximize Player.One's score
private int Max(GameBoard board, int depth, ref int move)
{
// have we recursed far enough?
if (depth <= 0)
{
return Evaluate(board);
}
// start with rediculously low score so that first
// inspection will result in a match
int score = int.MinValue;
// for each ValidMove ...
for (int index = 0; index < board.ValidMoves.Count; index++)
{
// report status if we're at top-most recursion depth
if (depth == Depth)
{
m_Status = (double)index / (double)board.ValidMoves.Count;
}
// copy current board
GameBoard board2 = new GameBoard(board);
// make move based on ValidMoves[index]
board2.MakeMove(index);
// get best move that opponent can make
int val = Min(board2, depth - 1, ref move);
if (val > score)
{
// found a better score!
score = val;
if (depth == Depth)
{
// udpate move if this is top-level
move = index;
}
}
}
// return best score found
return score;
}
protected int FindBestMove(GameBoard board, bool isPlayerOne, int score)
{
// assume first move is the best
int move = 0;
// scan valid moves, looking for best score
for (int index = 0; index < board.ValidMoves.Count; index++)
{
// create copy of current board to play with
GameBoard board2 = new GameBoard(board);
// make the next valid move
board2.MakeMove(index);
// what's the score?
int val = Evaluate(board2);
// best score for player one is positive,
// best score for player two is negative
if (isPlayerOne)
{
if (val > score)
{
score = val;
move = index;
}
}
else
{
if (val < score)
{
score = val;
move = index;
}
}
}
// report findings to the caller
return move;
}
// called by base class from seperate thread
protected override int SelectMoveRecursive(GameBoard board, int depth)
{
// default to the first valid move
int move = 0;
// select min or max method based on player
if (board.CurrentPlayer == Player.One)
{
// start with rediculously low alpha and high beta so that first
// inspection will result in a match
int score = Max(board, Depth, int.MinValue, int.MaxValue, ref move);
}
else if (board.CurrentPlayer == Player.Two)
{
// start with rediculously low alpha and high beta so that first
// inspection will result in a match
int score = Min(board, Depth, int.MinValue, int.MaxValue, ref move);
}
// return selected move (may have been updated by Min or Max)
return move;
}
// copy another board's state data to this board
public void Copy(GameBoard board)
{
InitGrid(board.GridWidth, board.GridHeight);
for (int y = 0; y < GridHeight; y++)
{
for (int x = 0; x < GridWidth; x++)
{
Grid[x, y] = board.Grid[x, y];
}
}
CurrentPlayer = board.CurrentPlayer;
UpdateListOfValidMoves();
}
// copy constructor
public GameBoard(GameBoard board)
{
Copy(board);
}
// as simple as AI gets -- random selection
protected override int SelectMoveRecursive(GameBoard board, int depth)
{
// randomly select a move from the list of valid moves
return m_rand.Next(board.ValidMoves.Count);
}
// actually process the input
private void ProcessInput(GamePadState pad, KeyboardState kbd)
{
bool pressed;
// move to previous valid move
pressed = pad.Triggers.Left > 0;
pressed |= pad.DPad.Left == ButtonState.Pressed;
pressed |= pad.ThumbSticks.Left.X < 0;
pressed |= kbd.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left);
if (pressed && m_PressDelay <= 0)
{
m_PressDelay = PRESS_DELAY;
m_GameBoard.PreviousValidMove();
}
// move to next valid move
pressed = pad.Triggers.Right > 0;
pressed |= pad.DPad.Right == ButtonState.Pressed;
pressed |= pad.ThumbSticks.Left.X > 0;
pressed |= kbd.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right);
if (pressed && m_PressDelay <= 0)
{
m_PressDelay = PRESS_DELAY;
m_GameBoard.NextValidMove();
}
// commit selection as your move
pressed = pad.Buttons.A == ButtonState.Pressed;
pressed |= kbd.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space);
if (pressed && m_PressDelay <= 0)
{
m_PressDelay = PRESS_DELAY;
m_GameBoard.MakeMove();
}
// start a new game
// only works when it's a human's turn so that AI threads
// (if any) have time to complete
pressed = pad.Buttons.Start == ButtonState.Pressed;
pressed |= kbd.IsKeyDown(Keys.Enter);
if (pressed && m_PressDelay <= 0)
{
m_PressDelay = PRESS_DELAY;
m_GameBoard = new GameBoard();
}
// pick previous player two type
pressed = pad.Buttons.LeftShoulder == ButtonState.Pressed;
pressed |= kbd.IsKeyDown(Keys.PageUp);
if (pressed && m_PressDelay <= 0)
{
m_PressDelay = PRESS_DELAY;
m_GameBoard.PreviousPlayerType();
}
// pick next player two type
pressed = pad.Buttons.RightShoulder == ButtonState.Pressed;
pressed |= kbd.IsKeyDown(Keys.PageDown);
if (pressed && m_PressDelay <= 0)
{
m_PressDelay = PRESS_DELAY;
m_GameBoard.NextPlayerType();
}
}
// helper method to generate a simple heuristic for a given GameBoard
// add 1 for each piece owned by Player.One, subtract 1 for each piece
// owned by Player.Two. Larger sums favor Player.One, smaller sums
// favor Player.Two.
protected int Evaluate(GameBoard board)
{
return board.Score(Player.One) - board.Score(Player.Two);
}
// this method must be implemented by any actual AIs that derive // from this base class. the threaded method calls this method, // which only exists in derived classes. that way, this base // class can handle the nitty-gritty threading and synchronization // tasks, and leave the actual AI processing to the derived classes. protected abstract int SelectMoveRecursive(GameBoard board, int depth);