// Modify the terrain height values to add the road to the terrain.
private void ClampTerrainToRoad()
{
// We have to manipulate the height and normal texture of each tile which contains the road.
foreach (var tile in _terrainObject.TerrainNode.Terrain.Tiles)
{
// Get the current height texture of the tile and extract the heights into a float array.
var heightTexture = tile.HeightTexture;
float[] heights = TerrainHelper.GetTextureLevelSingle(heightTexture, 0);
// Create a temporary height field.
var heightField = new HeightField(
tile.OriginX,
tile.OriginZ,
tile.WidthX,
tile.WidthZ,
heights,
heightTexture.Width,
heightTexture.Height);
// Change the height values of the height field.
TerrainRoadLayer.ClampTerrainToRoad(heightField, _roadPath, 8, 30, 10, 0.1f);
// Rebuild the height texture.
TerrainHelper.CreateHeightTexture(
GraphicsService.GraphicsDevice,
heights,
heightTexture.Width,
heightTexture.Height,
false,
ref heightTexture);
// Rebuild the normal texture.
var normalTexture = tile.NormalTexture;
TerrainHelper.CreateNormalTexture(
GraphicsService.GraphicsDevice,
heights,
heightTexture.Width,
heightTexture.Height,
tile.CellSize,
false,
ref normalTexture);
// Get rigid body that represents this tile.
var rigidBody = Simulation.RigidBodies.First(body => body.UserData == tile);
// Update the height values of the collision detection height field.
((HeightField)rigidBody.Shape).SetSamples(heights, heightTexture.Width, heightTexture.Height);
}
}
private void UpdateHoleTexture()
{
// Hole information could be loaded from a texture. Here, we procedurally create a pattern of
// holes.
// The hole buffer is array with 1 where there is no hole and 0 where there is a hole.
// (This is similar to an alpha mask: 1 = opaque, 0 = transparent.)
int numberOfSamples = _terrainObject.TerrainNode.Terrain.Tiles.First().HeightTexture.Width;
float[] holes = new float[numberOfSamples * numberOfSamples];
// Fill hole buffer with 1.
for (int i = 0; i < holes.Length; i++)
{
holes[i] = 1;
}
if (_holeSize > 0)
{
// Add some 0 elements to create holes.
int counterY = _holeSize;
for (int y = 0; y < numberOfSamples - 1; y++)
{
int counterX = _holeSize;
for (int x = 0; x < numberOfSamples - 1; x++)
{
holes[y * numberOfSamples + x] = 0;
counterX--;
if (counterX <= 0)
{
counterX = _holeSize;
x += _holeSize * 2;
}
}
counterY--;
if (counterY <= 0)
{
counterY = _holeSize;
y += _holeSize * 2;
}
}
}
// Copy hole buffer to a texture.
TerrainHelper.CreateHoleTexture(
GraphicsService.GraphicsDevice,
holes,
numberOfSamples,
numberOfSamples,
false,
ref _holeTexture);
foreach (var tile in _terrainObject.TerrainNode.Terrain.Tiles)
{
// Assign the hole texture to all terrain tiles. (Normally, each tile would have a
// different hole texture or no hole texture at all.)
tile.HoleTexture = _holeTexture;
// We also have to add the holes to the collision detection height fields.
// Get rigid body that represents this tile.
var rigidBody = Simulation.RigidBodies.First(body => body.UserData == tile);
var heightField = (HeightField)rigidBody.Shape;
// Update the height values of the collision detection height field.
float[] heights = TerrainHelper.GetTextureLevelSingle(tile.HeightTexture, 0);
for (int z = 0; z < numberOfSamples; z++)
{
for (int x = 0; x < numberOfSamples; x++)
{
if ((!(holes[z * numberOfSamples + x] > 0.5f)))
{
// The HeightField class treats NaN as holes.
heights[z * numberOfSamples + x] = float.NaN;
}
}
}
heightField.SetSamples(heights, numberOfSamples, numberOfSamples);
heightField.Invalidate();
}
_terrainObject.TerrainNode.Terrain.Invalidate();
}
// Initialize the terrain geometry from height textures.
public void InitializeHeightsAndNormals()
{
var content = _services.GetInstance<ContentManager>();
// Create the height and normal texture for the 4 tiles.
// We can do this in parallel. We use following lock for parts which are not thread-safe.
var lockObject = new object();
Parallel.For(0, 2, row =>
//for (int row = 0; row < 2; row++)
{
Parallel.For(0, 2, column =>
//for (int column = 0; column < 2; column++)
{
string tilePostfix = "-" + row + "-" + column; // e.g. "-0-1"
var tile = _tiles[row, column];
var terrainTile = tile.TerrainTile;
// The height data is loaded from a 16-bit grayscale texture.
Texture2D inputHeightTexture;
lock (lockObject)
inputHeightTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Terrain001-Height" + tilePostfix);
Debug.Assert(inputHeightTexture.Width == inputHeightTexture.Height, "This code assumes that terrain tiles are square.");
// The height textures of the tiles overlap by one texel to avoid gaps. That means, the
// input height texture for each tile is 1025 x 1025. The last texture column of the top
// left tile is the same as the first column of the top right tile. The last row of the
// top left tile is the same as the first row of the bottom left tile.
// The tile size in world space units is:
float tileSize = (inputHeightTexture.Width - 1) * terrainTile.CellSize;
terrainTile.OriginX = -tileSize + tileSize * column;
terrainTile.OriginZ = -tileSize + tileSize * row;
Debug.Assert(Numeric.IsZero(terrainTile.OriginX % terrainTile.CellSize), "The tile origin must be an integer multiple of the cell size.");
Debug.Assert(Numeric.IsZero(terrainTile.OriginZ % terrainTile.CellSize), "The tile origin must be an integer multiple of the cell size.");
// Extract the height values from the texture.
float[] heights = TerrainHelper.GetTextureLevelSingle(inputHeightTexture, 0);
// Transform height values from [0, 1] to [_minHeight, _maxheight].
TerrainHelper.TransformTexture(heights, (_maxHeight - _minHeight), _minHeight);
// Optional: Smooth the processed height map. (Very useful to remove artifacts from 8-bit
// height maps.)
TerrainHelper.SmoothTexture(heights, inputHeightTexture.Width, inputHeightTexture.Height, _smoothness);
// We have to create a height and normal texture for each tile.
// Reuse existing textures to avoid unnecessary allocation. (XNA can run out of memory
// if we allocate to many textures in a short time.)
Texture2D heightTexture = terrainTile.HeightTexture;
Texture2D normalTexture = terrainTile.NormalTexture;
// Convert the height value array into a suitable height texture.
TerrainHelper.CreateHeightTexture(
_graphicsService.GraphicsDevice,
heights,
inputHeightTexture.Width,
inputHeightTexture.Height,
_useNearestNeighborMipmaps,
ref heightTexture);
// Create a normal texture from the height values.
TerrainHelper.CreateNormalTexture(
_graphicsService.GraphicsDevice,
heights,
inputHeightTexture.Width,
inputHeightTexture.Height,
terrainTile.CellSize,
_useNearestNeighborMipmaps,
ref normalTexture);
// If terrainTile.HeightTexture/NormalTexture was null, then CreateHeight/CreateNormal
// has created a new texture. We have to dispose this textures in Dispose().
terrainTile.HeightTexture = heightTexture;
terrainTile.NormalTexture = normalTexture;
// Set the height field data for collision detection.
var heightField = (HeightField)tile.RigidBody.Shape;
heightField.OriginX = terrainTile.OriginX;
heightField.OriginZ = terrainTile.OriginZ;
heightField.WidthX = tileSize;
heightField.WidthZ = tileSize;
lock (lockObject)
{
heightField.SetSamples(heights, heightTexture.Width, heightTexture.Height);
heightField.Invalidate();
}
});
});
// Inform the terrain that the old texture content is invalid.
TerrainNode.Terrain.Invalidate();
}