/// <summary>
/// Receives a county, trains SVR algorithm with data from the county and returns the traied model.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="county"></param>
/// <returns>Trained SVR object</returns>
public SupportVectorMachine <IKernel> TrainSVR(County county)
{
//Creates an optimization object and sets its parameters.
var teacher = new SequentialMinimalOptimizationRegression()
{
//Radial basis function kernel is used.
Kernel = new Gaussian()
{
Gamma = 0.01
},
Complexity = 350,
Epsilon = 0.25
};
//Inputs to train SVR. The inputs are the month and the year.
var trainingInputs = new double[county.Records.Count][];
//Training outputs of SVR. They are the number of crimes divided by 1000.
var trainingOutputs = new double[county.Records.Count];
foreach (var record in county.Records)
{
//Fills inputs and outputs array with values.
var index = county.Records.ToList().IndexOf(record);
//trainingInputs[index] = new double[] { record.Date.Month, record.Date.Year };
trainingInputs[index] = new double[] { record.Date.Month, record.Date.Year };
trainingOutputs[index] = record.AllCrimes / 1000.0;
}
//Trains the algorithm.
var svr = teacher.Learn(trainingInputs, trainingOutputs);
return(svr);
}
public void Learn()
{
if (Equals(LearningInputs, null))
{
return;
}
if (Equals(LearningOutputs, null))
{
return;
}
//Set kernal params :
UseKernel = KernelEnum.Gaussian;
InitilizeKernel();
// Creates a new SMO for regression learning algorithm
var teacher = new SequentialMinimalOptimizationRegression()
{
// Set learning parameters
Complexity = Param_Complexity,
Tolerance = Param_Tolerance,
Epsilon = Param_Epsilon,
Kernel = kernel
};
// Use the teacher to create a machine
svm = teacher.Learn(LearningInputs, LearningOutputs);
// Check if we got support vectors
if (svm.SupportVectors.Length == 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("Sorry, No SVMs.");
return;
}
// Compute results for learning and testing data
_Computed_LearningOutputs = svm.Score(LearningInputs);
//foreach (double[] itm in TestingInputs)
//{
// foreach (double value in itm)
// {
// Console.Write(value);
// }
// Console.WriteLine("");
//}
_Computed_TestingOutputs = svm.Score(TestingInputs);
// foreach (double value in _Computed_TestingOutputs)
//{
// Console.WriteLine(value);
//}
// Compute statistical results
BestLearningScore = Statistics.Compute_DeterminationCoeff_R2(LearningOutputs, _Computed_LearningOutputs);
BestTestingScore = Statistics.Compute_DeterminationCoeff_R2(TestingOutputs, _Computed_TestingOutputs);
}
double[] GenerateDataFromData(double[] outputs)//扩充小样本
{
Accord.Math.Random.Generator.Seed = 0;
double[][] inputs = new double[outputs.Count()][];
for (int index = 0; index < outputs.Count(); index++)
{
inputs[index] = new double[] { (double)index / outputs.Count() };
}
var learn = new SequentialMinimalOptimizationRegression <Polynomial>()
{
Kernel = new Polynomial(2), // Polynomial Kernel of 2nd degree
Complexity = 100
};
// Run the learning algorithm
SupportVectorMachine <Polynomial> svm = learn.Learn(inputs, outputs);
// Compute the predicted scores
int mCount = 1000;//输出样本数量
double[][] tempinputs = new double[mCount][];
for (int index = 0; index < mCount; index++)
{
tempinputs[index] = new double[] { (double)index / mCount };
}
double[] predicted = svm.Score(tempinputs);
return(predicted);
}
public override void SolveTransforamtion()
{
//https://numerics.mathdotnet.com/Regression.html#Regularization
/// <summary>
/// Least-Squares fitting the points (X,y) = ((x0,x1,..,xk),y) to a linear surface y : X -> p0*x0 + p1*x1 + ... + pk*xk,
/// returning a function y' for the best fitting combination.
/// If an intercept is added, its coefficient will be prepended to the resulting parameters.
/// </summary>
if (records.Count > minNumberOfPointToSolve)
{
if (records.Count % caclulationSteps == 0 || records.Count == minNumberOfPointToSolve)
{
//double[] out_x = new double[records.Count];
//double[] out_y = new double[records.Count];
double[] out_x = new double[records.Count];
double[] out_y = new double[records.Count];
double[][] in_XY = new double[records.Count][];
int idx = 0;
foreach (TransformationRecord r in records)
{
//out_x[idx] = r.ArPosition.x;
//out_y[idx] = r.ArPosition.y;
out_x[idx] = r.ArPosition.x;
out_y[idx] = r.ArPosition.y;
in_XY[idx] = new double[] { r.GpsPosition.Longitude, r.GpsPosition.Latitude };
idx++;
}
svm_x = learn.Learn(in_XY, out_x);
svm_y = learn.Learn(in_XY, out_y);
//// We can obtain predictions using
//double[][] predictions = regression.Transform(in_XY);
//// The prediction error is
//double error = new SquareLoss(out_xy).Loss(predictions); // 0
//double[] r2 = regression.CoefficientOfDetermination(in_XY, out_xy);
}
}
}
public void learn_test()
{
#region doc_learn
Accord.Math.Random.Generator.Seed = 0;
// Example regression problem. Suppose we are trying
// to model the following equation: f(x, y) = 2x + y
double[][] inputs = // (x, y)
{
new double[] { 0, 1 }, // 2*0 + 1 = 1
new double[] { 4, 3 }, // 2*4 + 3 = 11
new double[] { 8, -8 }, // 2*8 - 8 = 8
new double[] { 2, 2 }, // 2*2 + 2 = 6
new double[] { 6, 1 }, // 2*6 + 1 = 13
new double[] { 5, 4 }, // 2*5 + 4 = 14
new double[] { 9, 1 }, // 2*9 + 1 = 19
new double[] { 1, 6 }, // 2*1 + 6 = 8
};
double[] outputs = // f(x, y)
{
1, 11, 8, 6, 13, 14, 19, 8
};
// Create the sequential minimal optimization teacher
var learn = new SequentialMinimalOptimizationRegression <Polynomial>()
{
Kernel = new Polynomial(2), // Polynomial Kernel of 2nd degree
Complexity = 100
};
// Run the learning algorithm
SupportVectorMachine <Polynomial> svm = learn.Learn(inputs, outputs);
// Compute the predicted scores
double[] predicted = svm.Score(inputs);
// Compute the error between the expected and predicted
double error = new SquareLoss(outputs).Loss(predicted);
// Compute the answer for one particular example
double fxy = svm.Score(inputs[0]); // 1.0003849827673186
#endregion
Assert.AreEqual(1.0, fxy, 1e-2);
for (int i = 0; i < outputs.Length; i++)
{
Assert.AreEqual(outputs[i], predicted[i], 1e-2);
}
}
private static void kernelSvm2(double[][] inputs, double[] outputs)
{
// Create a new Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) learning
// algorithm and estimate the complexity parameter C from data
var teacher = new SequentialMinimalOptimizationRegression <Gaussian>()
{
UseComplexityHeuristic = true,
UseKernelEstimation = true // estimate the kernel from the data
};
// Teach the vector machine
var svm = teacher.Learn(inputs, outputs);
// Classify the samples using the model
double[] answers = svm.Score(inputs);
double error = new SquareLoss(outputs).Loss(answers); // should be
}
/// <summary>
/// Train the model.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Input is a list of Song objects which are the expected outputs.
/// This function will pull the bextract values and use the class's bextract subset for training.
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="expectedOutputs">List of Song objects to use for training.</param>
public void Train(List <Song> expectedOutputs)
{
//Pull out the expected outputs
string[] songPaths = new string[expectedOutputs.Count];
double[] posOutputs = new double[expectedOutputs.Count];
double[] energyOutputs = new double[expectedOutputs.Count];
for (int i = 0; i < expectedOutputs.Count; i++)
{
Song song = expectedOutputs[i];
songPaths[i] = song.title;
posOutputs[i] = song.positivity;
energyOutputs[i] = song.energy;
}
//Get bextract values
System.Console.WriteLine(System.DateTime.Now.ToString() + " Extracting features...");
List <SongDataDTO> songFeatures = getFeatures(songPaths);
//Stick them in double arrays
double[][] posInputs = new double[songFeatures.Count][];
double[][] energyInputs = new double[songFeatures.Count][];
for (int i = 0; i < songFeatures.Count; i++)
{
ConvertSongDataDtoToDoubleArrays(songFeatures[i], ref posInputs[i], ref energyInputs[i]);
}
//Train
System.Console.WriteLine(System.DateTime.Now.ToString() + " Training positivity.");
var learn = new SequentialMinimalOptimizationRegression()
{
Kernel = new Gaussian(0.25),
UseComplexityHeuristic = true
};
posSvm = learn.Learn(posInputs, posOutputs);
System.Console.WriteLine(System.DateTime.Now.ToString() + " Training energy.");
learn = new SequentialMinimalOptimizationRegression()
{
Kernel = new Gaussian(0.5),
UseComplexityHeuristic = true
};
energySvm = learn.Learn(energyInputs, energyOutputs);
}
private static void linearSvm1()
{
// Declare a very simple regression problem
// with only 2 input variables (x and y):
double[][] inputs =
{
new[] { 3.0, 1.0 },
new[] { 7.0, 1.0 },
new[] { 3.0, 1.0 },
new[] { 3.0, 2.0 },
new[] { 6.0, 1.0 },
};
// The task is to output a weighted sum of those numbers
// plus an independent constant term: 7.4x + 1.1y + 42
double[] outputs =
{
7.4 * 3.0 + 1.1 * 1.0 + 42.0,
7.4 * 7.0 + 1.1 * 1.0 + 42.0,
7.4 * 3.0 + 1.1 * 1.0 + 42.0,
7.4 * 3.0 + 1.1 * 2.0 + 42.0,
7.4 * 6.0 + 1.1 * 1.0 + 42.0,
};
// Create a new Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) learning
// algorithm and estimate the complexity parameter C from data
var teacher = new SequentialMinimalOptimizationRegression <Linear>()
{
UseComplexityHeuristic = true,
Complexity = 100000.0 // Note: do not do this in an actual application!
// Setting the Complexity property to a very high value forces the SVM
// to "believe literally" in whatever the data says. Normally, the SVM
// would be more cautions under the (valid) assumption that the data
// might actually contain noise and/or incorrect measurements.
};
// Teach the vector machine
var svm = teacher.Learn(inputs, outputs);
// Classify the samples using the model
double[] answers = svm.Score(inputs);
double error = new SquareLoss(outputs).Loss(answers); // should be 0.0
}
public void Optimizer_ObjectiveFunction(double[] solution, ref double fitnessValue)
{
Console.WriteLine(Optimizer.CurrentIteration);
//Set kernal params :
kernelG.Sigma = solution[0];
// Set paramsfor regression learning algorithm
teacherSMOR.Complexity = solution[1];
teacherSMOR.Tolerance = solution[2];
teacherSMOR.Epsilon = solution[3];
// Use the teacher to create a machine
svm = teacherSMOR.Learn(LearningInputs, LearningOutputs);
// Check if we got support vectors
if (svm.SupportVectors.Length == 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("Sorry, No SVMs.");
return;
}
// Compute results for learning and testing data
_Computed_LearningOutputs = svm.Score(LearningInputs);
_Computed_TestingOutputs = svm.Score(TestingInputs);
// Compute statistical
LearningIndex = Statistics.Compute_RMSE(LearningOutputs, _Computed_LearningOutputs);
TestingIndex = Statistics.Compute_RMSE(TestingOutputs, _Computed_TestingOutputs);
// Compute correlation R for learning and testing to controle results :
var Rlern = Statistics.Compute_CorrelationCoeff_R(LearningOutputs, _Computed_LearningOutputs);
var Rtest = Statistics.Compute_CorrelationCoeff_R(TestingOutputs, _Computed_TestingOutputs);
Console.WriteLine("Index (learn) = {0} | Index (test) = {1} ; Correlation : R (learn) = {2} | R (test) = {3}", LearningIndex, TestingIndex, Rlern, Rtest);
if (BestLearningScore < LearningIndex && BestTestingScore < TestingIndex)
{
BestLearningScore = LearningIndex;
BestTestingScore = TestingIndex;
}
//set the fitness value
fitnessValue = Math.Pow(LearningIndex, 2) + Math.Pow(TestingIndex, 2);
}
public void create_regression(double[,] arr)
{
try
{
// Creates a matrix from the entire source data table
double[][] table = arr.ToJagged();
// Get only the input vector values (first column)
double[][] inputs = table.GetColumns(0);
// Get only the outputs (last column)
double[] outputs = table.GetColumn(1);
// Create the specified Kernel
IKernel kernel = createKernel(arr);
// Creates a new SMO for regression learning algorithm
var teacher = new SequentialMinimalOptimizationRegression()
{
// Set learning parameters
Complexity = 1.0000000,
Tolerance = 0.0010000,
Epsilon = 0.0010000,
Kernel = kernel
};
svm = teacher.Learn(inputs, outputs);
// Show the support vector labels on the scatter plot
var supportVectorLabels = new double[svm.SupportVectors.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < supportVectorLabels.Length; i++)
{
int j = inputs.Find(sv => sv == svm.SupportVectors[i])[0];
supportVectorLabels[i] = outputs[j];
}
testing(arr);
}
catch { MessageBox.Show("Kernel create error."); }
}
public void TestSvrAccuracy(int monthsToPredict)
{
//Total Number of montths predicted correctly
double correctGuesses = 0;
//Total number of attemts
double totalGuesses = 0;
//Actual Low , predicted Low
double aLpL = 0;
double aLpN = 0;
double aLpH = 0;
//Actual Normal , predicted Low
double aNpL = 0;
double aNpN = 0;
double aNpH = 0;
//Actual Normal , predicted Low
double aHpL = 0;
double aHpN = 0;
double aHpH = 0;
//Precision and recall lists.
List <double> Precisions = new List <double>();
List <double> Recalls = new List <double>();
//Variable to measure the sum of all deviations to be used in MAE, MSE , RMSE
double summedDeviations = 0;
//Variable to measure the sum of all squared deviations to be used in MAE, MSE , RMSE
double summedSquaredDeviations = 0;
// Mean Absolute Error, Mean Squared Error, and Root Mean Squared Error
double MAE = 0;
double MSE = 0;
double RMSE = 0;
var counties = _db.Counties.Where(x => x.Id != 97 && x.Id != 111 && x.Id != 125 && x.Id != 130 && x.Id != 131).ToList();
foreach (var county in counties)
{
var totalRecords = county.Records.OrderBy(x => x.Date).ToList();
var trainingInputs = new double[totalRecords.Count - monthsToPredict][];
var trainingOutputs = new double[totalRecords.Count - monthsToPredict];
var testingInputs = new double[monthsToPredict][];
var testingOutputs = new double[monthsToPredict];
for (var i = 0; i < totalRecords.Count; i++)
{
if (i < trainingInputs.Length)
{
trainingInputs[i] = new double[] { totalRecords[i].Date.Month, totalRecords[i].Date.Year };
trainingOutputs[i] = totalRecords[i].AllCrimes / 1000.0;
}
else
{
testingInputs[i - trainingInputs.Length] = new double[] { totalRecords[i].Date.Month, totalRecords[i].Date.Year };
testingOutputs[i - trainingInputs.Length] = totalRecords[i].AllCrimes / 1000.0;
}
}
var teacher = new SequentialMinimalOptimizationRegression()
{
Kernel = new Gaussian()
{
Gamma = 0.01
},
Complexity = 280,
Epsilon = 0.25
};
var svr = teacher.Learn(trainingInputs, trainingOutputs);
var output = svr.Score(testingInputs);
for (var i = 0; i < output.Length; i++)
{
double prediction = output[i] * 1000;
int predictionRank = _regression.ReturnPredictedRank(county, output[i] * 1000).Rank.Value;
double actual = testingOutputs[i] * 1000;
int actualRank = _regression.ReturnPredictedRank(county, testingOutputs[i] * 1000).Rank.Value;
if (actualRank == 2 && predictionRank == 2)
{
aLpL++; correctGuesses++;
}
;
if (actualRank == 2 && predictionRank == 3)
{
aLpN++;
}
;
if (actualRank == 2 && predictionRank == 4)
{
aLpH++;
}
;
if (actualRank == 3 && predictionRank == 2)
{
aNpL++;
}
;
if (actualRank == 3 && predictionRank == 3)
{
aNpN++; correctGuesses++;
}
;
if (actualRank == 3 && predictionRank == 4)
{
aNpH++;
}
;
if (actualRank == 4 && predictionRank == 2)
{
aHpL++;
}
;
if (actualRank == 4 && predictionRank == 3)
{
aHpN++;
}
;
if (actualRank == 4 && predictionRank == 4)
{
aHpH++; correctGuesses++;
}
;
summedDeviations += Math.Abs(prediction - actual);
summedSquaredDeviations = summedDeviations * summedDeviations;
Debug.WriteLine(actual + " " + actualRank + " " + prediction + " " + predictionRank);
}
totalGuesses += testingInputs.Length;
}
var accuracy = (double)aLpL + aNpN + aHpH / totalGuesses;
var precisionL = (double)(aLpL / aLpL + aLpN + aLpH);
var precisionN = (double)(aNpN / aNpL + aNpN + aNpH);
var precisionH = (double)(aHpH / aHpL + aHpN + aHpH);
MAE = summedDeviations / totalGuesses;
MSE = summedSquaredDeviations / totalGuesses;
RMSE = Math.Sqrt(MSE);
}
/// <summary>
/// Compares Linear and SVR models
/// </summary>
/// <param name="monthsToPredict"></param>
public void CompareModels(int monthsToPredict)
{
List <double> SlrMAEs = new List <double>();
List <double> SlrRMSEs = new List <double>();
List <double> SvrMAEs = new List <double>();
List <double> SvrRMSEs = new List <double>();
foreach (var county in _db.Counties)
{
double SlrAbsoluteErrors = 0;
double SvrAbsoluteErrors = 0;
double SlrSquaredErros = 0;
double SvrSquaredErros = 0;
//All records of the county ordered by date.
List <Record> totalRecords = county.Records.OrderBy(x => x.Date).ToList();
//Training inputs and outputs.
var trainingInputs = new double[totalRecords.Count - monthsToPredict][];
var trainingOutputs = new double[totalRecords.Count - monthsToPredict];
//Testing inputs and outputs.
var testingInputs = new double[monthsToPredict][];
var testingOutputs = new double[monthsToPredict];
//Fill the arrays trainning and testing arrays with inputs and outputs.
for (var i = 0; i < totalRecords.Count; i++)
{
if (i < trainingInputs.Length)
{
trainingInputs[i] = new double[] { i };
//Values are downscaled dividing by 1000
trainingOutputs[i] = totalRecords[i].AllCrimes / 1000.0;
}
else
{
testingInputs[i - trainingInputs.Length] = new double[] { totalRecords[i].Date.Month, totalRecords[i].Date.Year };
//Values are downscaled dividing by 1000
testingOutputs[i - trainingInputs.Length] = totalRecords[i].AllCrimes / 1000.0;
}
}
var slr = Ols.Learn(trainingInputs, trainingOutputs);
var outputSlr = slr.Transform(testingInputs);
var teacher = new SequentialMinimalOptimizationRegression()
{
Kernel = new Gaussian()
{
Gamma = 0.01
},
Complexity = 280,
Epsilon = 0.25
};
var svr = teacher.Learn(trainingInputs, trainingOutputs);
var outputSvr = svr.Score(testingInputs);
for (int i = 0; i < testingOutputs.Length; i++)
{
SvrAbsoluteErrors += Math.Abs(testingOutputs[i] - outputSvr[i]);
SlrAbsoluteErrors += Math.Abs(testingOutputs[i] - outputSlr[i]);
SvrSquaredErros += Math.Abs(testingOutputs[i] - outputSvr[i]) * Math.Abs(testingOutputs[i] - outputSvr[i]);
SlrSquaredErros += Math.Abs(testingOutputs[i] - outputSlr[i]) * Math.Abs(testingOutputs[i] - outputSlr[i]);
}
SlrMAEs.Add(SlrAbsoluteErrors / (double)testingOutputs.Length);
SvrMAEs.Add(SvrAbsoluteErrors / (double)testingOutputs.Length);
SvrRMSEs.Add(SlrSquaredErros / ((double)testingOutputs.Length));
SvrRMSEs.Add(SlrSquaredErros / ((double)testingOutputs.Length));
}
}
private void btnCreate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (dgvLearningSource.DataSource == null)
{
MessageBox.Show("Please load some data first.");
return;
}
// Finishes and save any pending changes to the given data
dgvLearningSource.EndEdit();
// Creates a matrix from the entire source data table
double[][] table = (dgvLearningSource.DataSource as DataTable).ToJagged(out columnNames);
// Get only the input vector values (first column)
double[][] inputs = table.GetColumns(0);
// Get only the outputs (last column)
double[] outputs = table.GetColumn(1);
// Create the specified Kernel
IKernel kernel = createKernel();
// Creates a new SMO for regression learning algorithm
var teacher = new SequentialMinimalOptimizationRegression()
{
// Set learning parameters
Complexity = (double)numC.Value,
Tolerance = (double)numT.Value,
Epsilon = (double)numEpsilon.Value,
Kernel = kernel
};
try
{
// Use the teacher to create a machine
svm = teacher.Learn(inputs, outputs);
lbStatus.Text = "Training complete!";
}
catch (ConvergenceException)
{
lbStatus.Text = "Convergence could not be attained. " +
"The learned machine might still be usable.";
}
// Check if we got support vectors
if (svm.SupportVectors.Length == 0)
{
dgvSupportVectors.DataSource = null;
graphSupportVectors.GraphPane.CurveList.Clear();
return;
}
// Show support vectors on the Support Vectors tab page
double[][] supportVectorsWeights = svm.SupportVectors.InsertColumn(svm.Weights);
string[] supportVectorNames = columnNames.RemoveAt(columnNames.Length - 1).Concatenate("Weight");
dgvSupportVectors.DataSource = new ArrayDataView(supportVectorsWeights, supportVectorNames);
// Show the support vector labels on the scatter plot
var supportVectorLabels = new double[svm.SupportVectors.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < supportVectorLabels.Length; i++)
{
int j = inputs.Find(sv => sv == svm.SupportVectors[i])[0];
supportVectorLabels[i] = outputs[j];
}
double[][] graph = svm.SupportVectors.InsertColumn(supportVectorLabels);
CreateScatterplot(graphSupportVectors, graph);
// Get the ranges for each variable (X and Y)
DoubleRange range = table.GetColumn(0).GetRange();
double[][] map = Vector.Range(range, stepSize: 0.05).ToJagged();
// Classify each point in the Cartesian coordinate system
double[][] surface = map.InsertColumn(svm.Score(map));
CreateScatterplot(zedGraphControl2, surface);
}
void TestSVM()///检测ＳＶＭ正确性
{
Accord.Math.Random.Generator.Seed = 0;
// Example regression problem. Suppose we are trying
// to model the following equation: f(x, y) = 2x + y
// double[][] inputs = // (x, y)
// {
// new double[] { 0, 1 }, // 2*0 + 1 = 1
// new double[] { 4, 3 }, // 2*4 + 3 = 11
// new double[] { 8, -8 }, // 2*8 - 8 = 8
// new double[] { 2, 2 }, // 2*2 + 2 = 6
// new double[] { 6, 1 }, // 2*6 + 1 = 13
// new double[] { 5, 4 }, // 2*5 + 4 = 14
// new double[] { 9, 1 }, // 2*9 + 1 = 19
// new double[] { 1, 6 }, // 2*1 + 6 = 8
//};
double[][] inputs = new double[8][];
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
double[] temp = new double[1];
temp[0] = Math.PI / 2 / 8 * i;
inputs[i] = temp;
}
// double[] outputs = // f(x, y)
// {
// 1, 11, 8, 6, 13, 14, 19, 8
//};
double[] outputs = new double[8];
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
outputs[i] = Math.Sin(Math.PI / 2 / 8 * i);
}
// Create the sequential minimal optimization teacher
var learn = new SequentialMinimalOptimizationRegression <Gaussian>()
{
//Kernel = new Polynomial(3), // Polynomial Kernel of 2nd degree
//Kernel = new Gaussian(2),
Complexity = 100
};
// Run the learning algorithm
SupportVectorMachine <Gaussian> svm = learn.Learn(inputs, outputs);
// Compute the predicted scores
double[] predicted = svm.Score(inputs);
// Compute the error between the expected and predicted
double error = new SquareLoss(outputs).Loss(predicted);
// Compute the answer for one particular example
double fxy = svm.Score(new double[1] {
2
}); // 1.0003849827673186
//double[] myerror = new double[8];
//for(int i=0;i<8;i++)
//{
// myerror[i]=Math.Abs(predicted[i]-outputs[i])/
//}
}