示例#1
0
        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieves user details from directory
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userPrincipalName">The name as returned from Princial object. Example: [email protected]</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public Domain.Entities.User GetUser(string userPrincipalName)
        {
            var filter = new FilterGenerator
            {
                QueryFilter = ExpressionHelper.CreateEqualsExpression(typeof(User),
                                                                      GraphProperty.UserPrincipalName, userPrincipalName)
            };

            var user = _graphConnection.List <User>(null, filter);

            return(CreateUser(user.Results.FirstOrDefault()));
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a list of <see cref="Contact"/> objects from Graph.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>A view with the list of <see cref="Contact"/> objects.</returns>
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            //Get the access token as we need it to make a call to the Graph API
            AuthenticationResult result      = null;
            List <Contact>       contactList = new List <Contact>();

            try
            {
                // Get the access token from the cache
                string userObjectID = ClaimsPrincipal.Current.FindFirst("http://schemas.microsoft.com/identity/claims/objectidentifier").Value;
                AuthenticationContext authContext = new AuthenticationContext(Startup.Authority,
                                                                              new NaiveSessionCache(userObjectID));
                ClientCredential credential = new ClientCredential(clientId, appKey);
                result = authContext.AcquireTokenSilent(graphResourceId, credential,
                                                        new UserIdentifier(userObjectID, UserIdentifierType.UniqueId));

                // Setup Graph API connection and get a list of users
                Guid          ClientRequestId = Guid.NewGuid();
                GraphSettings graphSettings   = new GraphSettings();
                graphSettings.ApiVersion = GraphConfiguration.GraphApiVersion;
                GraphConnection graphConnection = new GraphConnection(result.AccessToken, ClientRequestId, graphSettings);

                // Get all results into a list
                PagedResults <Contact> pagedResults = graphConnection.List <Contact>(null, new FilterGenerator());
                contactList.AddRange(pagedResults.Results);
                while (!pagedResults.IsLastPage)
                {
                    pagedResults = graphConnection.List <Contact>(pagedResults.PageToken, new FilterGenerator());
                    contactList.AddRange(pagedResults.Results);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                if (Request.QueryString["reauth"] == "True")
                {
                    //
                    // Send an OpenID Connect sign-in request to get a new set of tokens.
                    // If the user still has a valid session with Azure AD, they will not be prompted for their credentials.
                    // The OpenID Connect middleware will return to this controller after the sign-in response has been handled.
                    //
                    HttpContext.GetOwinContext().Authentication.Challenge(OpenIdConnectAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationType);
                }

                //
                // The user needs to re-authorize.  Show them a message to that effect.
                //
                ViewBag.ErrorMessage = "AuthorizationRequired";
                return(View());
            }

            return(View(contactList));
        }
示例#3
0
文件: Program.cs 项目: vsvr/PnP
        private static bool UserIsMemberOfGroup(GraphConnection graphConnection, string userUPN, string groupDisplayName)
        {
            // Get the group for which we want to check membership
            FilterGenerator filter           = new FilterGenerator();
            Expression      filterExpression = ExpressionHelper.CreateEqualsExpression(typeof(Group), GraphProperty.DisplayName, groupDisplayName);

            filter.QueryFilter = filterExpression;
            PagedResults <Group> groupToCheckResults = graphConnection.List <Group>(null, filter);

            if (groupToCheckResults.Results.Count == 1)
            {
                // Add group to our groups to check list
                Group          groupToCheck = groupToCheckResults.Results[0] as Group;
                IList <String> groupsList   = new List <string>();
                groupsList.Add(groupToCheck.ObjectId);

                // Get the user for which we want to check the group membership
                FilterGenerator userFilter           = new FilterGenerator();
                Expression      userFilterExpression = ExpressionHelper.CreateEqualsExpression(typeof(User), GraphProperty.UserPrincipalName, userUPN);
                userFilter.QueryFilter = userFilterExpression;
                User retrievedUser = new User();
                PagedResults <User> pagedUserResults = graphConnection.List <User>(null, userFilter);
                if (pagedUserResults.Results.Count == 1)
                {
                    retrievedUser = pagedUserResults.Results[0] as User;

                    // Check if the user belongs to any of the passed groups
                    IList <String> memberships = graphConnection.CheckMemberGroups(retrievedUser, groupsList);

                    // If the passed group is returned back then the user is a member
                    if (memberships.Contains(groupToCheck.ObjectId))
                    {
                        return(true);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        return(false);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("Group {0} does not exist", groupDisplayName));
                }
            }
            else
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("User {0} does not exist", userUPN));
            }
        }
示例#4
0
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a list of <see cref="Contact"/> objects from Graph.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>A view with the list of <see cref="Contact"/> objects.</returns>
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            //Get the access token as we need it to make a call to the Graph API
            string accessToken = AuthUtils.GetAuthToken(Request, HttpContext);

            if (accessToken == null)
            {
                //
                // The user needs to re-authorize.  Show them a message to that effect.
                //
                ViewBag.ErrorMessage = "AuthorizationRequired";
                return(View());
            }

            //Setup Graph API connection and get a list of users
            Guid          ClientRequestId = Guid.NewGuid();
            GraphSettings graphSettings   = new GraphSettings();

            graphSettings.ApiVersion = GraphConfiguration.GraphApiVersion;
            GraphConnection graphConnection = new GraphConnection(accessToken, ClientRequestId, graphSettings);

            PagedResults <Contact> pagedResults = graphConnection.List <Contact>(null, new FilterGenerator());

            return(View(pagedResults.Results));
        }
示例#5
0
        public User GetUser(string userPrincipalName, bool expandGroups)
        {
            var filter = new FilterGenerator();

            filter.FilterExpressions.Add(
                new EqualsFilter(
                    "userPrincipalName",
                    userPrincipalName));

            if (expandGroups)
            {
                filter.ExpandProperties.Add("memberOf");
            }

            PagedResults pagedResults = _graphConnection.List <User>(null, filter);

            if (pagedResults.Results.Count > 0)
            {
                var user = pagedResults.Results[0] as User;
                return(user);
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("User not found");
                return(null);
            }
        }
        public ActionResult Users()
        {
            // get the tenantName
            var tenantId = ClaimsPrincipal.Current.FindFirst(ClaimType).Value;

            var authenticationContext = new AuthenticationContext(
                string.Format(AuthString, tenantId),
                false);

            authenticationContext.TokenCacheStore.Clear();

            // retrieve the clientId and password from the Web.config file
            var clientId     = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ClientId"];
            var clientSecret = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Password"];

            // create the credentials and get a token
            var clientCred = new ClientCredential(clientId, clientSecret);

            try
            {
                var token = authenticationContext.AcquireToken(Resource, clientCred).AccessToken;

                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(token))
                {
                    var graphSettings = new GraphSettings
                    {
                        ApiVersion      = "2013-11-08",
                        GraphDomainName = "graph.windows.net"
                    };

                    // get tenant information
                    var graphConnection = new GraphConnection(token, graphSettings);
                    var tenant          = graphConnection.Get(typeof(TenantDetail), tenantId);
                    if (tenant != null)
                    {
                        var tenantDetail = (TenantDetail)tenant;
                        ViewBag.OtherMessage = "User List from tenant: " + tenantDetail.DisplayName;
                    }

                    // get the list of users
                    var pagedReslts = graphConnection.List <User>(null, new FilterGenerator());
                    return(this.View(pagedReslts.Results));
                }
            }
            catch (ActiveDirectoryAuthenticationException ex)
            {
                ViewBag.OtherMessage = string.Format("Acquiring a token failed with the following error: {0}", ex.Message);
            }
            catch (AuthorizationException e)
            {
                ViewBag.OtherMessage = string.Format("Failed to return the list of Users with Exception: {0}", e.ErrorMessage);
            }

            return(this.View());
        }
示例#7
0
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a list of <see cref="User"/> objects from Graph.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>A view with the list of <see cref="User"/> objects.</returns>
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            // Retrieve the user's tenantID and access token since they are used to call the GraphAPI.
            //
            string accessToken = null;
            string tenantId    = ClaimsPrincipal.Current.FindFirst(TenantIdClaimType).Value;

            if (tenantId != null)
            {
                accessToken = TokenCacheUtils.GetAccessTokenFromCacheOrRefreshToken(tenantId, graphResourceId);
            }
            if (accessToken == null)
            {
                //
                // If refresh is set to true, the user has clicked the link to be authorized again.
                //
                if (Request.QueryString["reauth"] == "True")
                {
                    // Send an OpenID Connect sign-in request to get a new set of tokens.
                    // If the user still has a valid session with Azure AD, they will not be prompted for their credentials.
                    // The OpenID Connect middleware will return to this controller after the sign-in response has been handled.
                    //
                    HttpContext.GetOwinContext().Authentication.Challenge(OpenIdConnectAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationType);
                }
                //
                // The user needs to re-authorize.  Show them a message to that effect.
                //
                ViewBag.ErrorMessage = "AuthorizationRequired";
                return(View());
            }

            CallContext     currentCallContext = new CallContext(accessToken, Guid.NewGuid(), graphApiVersion);
            GraphConnection graphConnection    = new GraphConnection(currentCallContext);
            PagedResults    pagedReslts        = graphConnection.List <User>(null, new FilterGenerator());

            return(View(pagedReslts.Results));
        }
        public static void GetUsersFromAD()
        {
            //if (HttpContext.Current.Cache["ADUSERS"] == null)
            IDatabase cache = MvcApplication.RedisCache.GetDatabase();
            var adUsers = cache.Get<List<ActiveDirectoryUser>>("ADUSERS");
            if (adUsers == null)
            {
                // Graph API Settings
                string graphResourceId = "https://graph.windows.net";
                string clientId = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ida:ClientId"];
                string appPassword = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ida:Password"];
                Uri audienceUri = new Uri(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ida:AudienceUri"]);
                string tenant = audienceUri.Host;
                string Authority = String.Format("https://login.windows.net/{0}", tenant);

                string userObjectID = ClaimsPrincipal.Current.FindFirst("http://schemas.microsoft.com/identity/claims/objectidentifier").Value;
                AuthenticationContext authContext = new AuthenticationContext(Authority);
                activeDirectoryUsers = new List<ActiveDirectoryUser>();
                ClientCredential credential = new ClientCredential(clientId, appPassword);
                AuthenticationResult result = null;
                List<User> userList = new List<User>();
                result = authContext.AcquireToken(graphResourceId, credential);

                //Setup Graph API connection and get a list of users 
                Guid ClientRequestId = Guid.NewGuid();
                GraphSettings graphSettings = new GraphSettings();
                graphSettings.ApiVersion = "2013-11-08";

                GraphConnection graphConnection = new GraphConnection(result.AccessToken, ClientRequestId, graphSettings);
                // Get results from all pages into a list 
                PagedResults<User> pagedResults = graphConnection.List<User>(null, new FilterGenerator());
                userList.AddRange(pagedResults.Results);
                while (!pagedResults.IsLastPage)
                {
                    pagedResults = graphConnection.List<User>(pagedResults.PageToken, new FilterGenerator());
                    userList.AddRange(pagedResults.Results);
                }
                foreach (var u in userList)
                {
                    var adUser = new ActiveDirectoryUser();
                    adUser.Location = String.Format("{0},{1}", u.City, u.State);
                    adUser.FullName = u.GivenName + " " + u.Surname;
                    adUser.Position = u.JobTitle;
                    adUser.ActiveDirectoryId = u.UserPrincipalName;
                    adUser.ObjectId = u.ObjectId;

                    try
                    {
                        using (Stream ms = graphConnection.GetStreamProperty(u, GraphProperty.ThumbnailPhoto, "image/jpeg"))
                        {
                            if (ms != null)
                            {
                                byte[] b;
                                using (BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(ms))
                                {
                                    b = br.ReadBytes((int)ms.Length);
                                }
                                adUser.ThumbnailPhoto = b;
                                // Retrieve via the controller
                                adUser.ImageUrl = String.Format("/AdImages/Details/{0}", adUser.ObjectId);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    catch (Exception)
                    {
                        adUser.ImageUrl = "/images/user-placeholder.png";
                    }
                    activeDirectoryUsers.Add(adUser);
                }
                // HttpContext.Current.Cache.Insert("ADUSERS", activeDirectoryUsers, null, DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(5), TimeSpan.Zero, System.Web.Caching.CacheItemPriority.Normal, null);
                cache.Set("ADUSERS", activeDirectoryUsers, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5));

            }
            else
            {
                //activeDirectoryUsers = (List<ActiveDirectoryUser>)HttpContext.Current.Cache["ADUSERS"];
                activeDirectoryUsers = (List<ActiveDirectoryUser>)cache.Get("ADUSERS");
            }
        }
示例#9
0
        static void Main()
        {
            // get OAuth token using Client Credentials
            string tenantName = "GraphDir1.onMicrosoft.com";
            string authString = "https://login.windows.net/" + tenantName;

            AuthenticationContext authenticationContext = new AuthenticationContext(authString, false);

            // Config for OAuth client credentials
            string           clientId     = "118473c2-7619-46e3-a8e4-6da8d5f56e12";
            string           clientSecret = "hOrJ0r0TZ4GQ3obp+vk3FZ7JBVP+TX353kNo6QwNq7Q=";
            ClientCredential clientCred   = new ClientCredential(clientId, clientSecret);
            string           resource     = "https://graph.windows.net";
            string           token;

            try
            {
                AuthenticationResult authenticationResult = authenticationContext.AcquireToken(resource, clientCred);
                token = authenticationResult.AccessToken;
            }

            catch (AuthenticationException ex)
            {
                Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red;
                Console.WriteLine("Acquiring a token failed with the following error: {0}", ex.Message);
                if (ex.InnerException != null)
                {
                    //You should implement retry and back-off logic per the guidance given here:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn168916.aspx
                    //InnerException Message will contain the HTTP error status codes mentioned in the link above
                    Console.WriteLine("Error detail: {0}", ex.InnerException.Message);
                }
                Console.ResetColor();
                Console.ReadKey();
                return;
            }


            // record start DateTime of execution
            string CurrentDateTime = DateTime.Now.ToUniversalTime().ToString();

            //*********************************************************************
            // setup Graph connection
            //*********************************************************************
            Guid          ClientRequestId = Guid.NewGuid();
            GraphSettings graphSettings   = new GraphSettings();

            graphSettings.ApiVersion      = "2013-11-08";
            graphSettings.GraphDomainName = "graph.windows.net";
            GraphConnection graphConnection = new GraphConnection(token, ClientRequestId, graphSettings);
            VerifiedDomain  initialDomain   = new VerifiedDomain();
            VerifiedDomain  defaultDomain   = new VerifiedDomain();

            //*********************************************************************
            // Get Tenant Details
            // Note: update the string tenantId with your TenantId.
            // This can be retrieved from the login Federation Metadata end point:
            // https://login.windows.net/GraphDir1.onmicrosoft.com/FederationMetadata/2007-06/FederationMetadata.xml
            //  Replace "GraphDir1.onMicrosoft.com" with any domain owned by your organization
            // The returned value from the first xml node "EntityDescriptor", will have a STS URL
            // containing your tenantId e.g. "https://sts.windows.net/4fd2b2f2-ea27-4fe5-a8f3-7b1a7c975f34/" is returned for GraphDir1.onMicrosoft.com
            //*********************************************************************
            string      tenantId = "4fd2b2f2-ea27-4fe5-a8f3-7b1a7c975f34";
            GraphObject tenant   = graphConnection.Get(typeof(TenantDetail), tenantId);

            if (tenant == null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Tenant not found");
            }
            else
            {
                TenantDetail tenantDetail = (TenantDetail)tenant;
                Console.WriteLine("Tenant Display Name: " + tenantDetail.DisplayName);

                // Get the Tenant's Verified Domains
                initialDomain = tenantDetail.VerifiedDomains.First(x => x.Initial.HasValue && x.Initial.Value);
                Console.WriteLine("Initial Domain Name: " + initialDomain.Name);
                defaultDomain = tenantDetail.VerifiedDomains.First(x => x.Default.HasValue && x.Default.Value);
                Console.WriteLine("Default Domain Name: " + defaultDomain.Name);
                foreach (string techContact in tenantDetail.TechnicalNotificationMails)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Tenant Tech Contact: " + techContact);
                }
            }
            //*********************************************************************
            // Demonstrate Getting a list of Users with paging (get 4 users), sort by displayName
            //*********************************************************************
            Console.WriteLine("\n Retrieving Users");

            FilterGenerator userFilter = new FilterGenerator();

            userFilter.Top             = 4;
            userFilter.OrderByProperty = GraphProperty.DisplayName;
            PagedResults <User> users = graphConnection.List <User>(null, userFilter);

            foreach (User user in users.Results)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("UserObjectId: {0}  UPN: {1}", user.ObjectId, user.UserPrincipalName);
            }

            // if there are more users to retrieve, get the rest of the users, and specify maximum page size 999
            do
            {
                userFilter.Top = 999;
                if (users.PageToken != null)
                {
                    users = graphConnection.List <User>(users.PageToken, userFilter);
                    Console.WriteLine("\n Next page of results");
                }

                foreach (User user in users.Results)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("DisplayName: {0}  UPN: {1}", user.DisplayName, user.UserPrincipalName);
                }
            } while (users.PageToken != null);

            // search for a single user by UPN
            string          searchString     = "adam@" + initialDomain.Name;
            FilterGenerator filter           = new FilterGenerator();
            Expression      filterExpression = ExpressionHelper.CreateEqualsExpression(typeof(User), GraphProperty.UserPrincipalName, searchString);

            filter.QueryFilter = filterExpression;


            User retrievedUser = new User();
            PagedResults <User> pagedUserResults = graphConnection.List <User>(null, filter);

            // should only find one user with the specified UPN
            if (pagedUserResults.Results.Count == 1)
            {
                retrievedUser = pagedUserResults.Results[0] as User;
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("User not found {0}", searchString);
            }

            if (retrievedUser.UserPrincipalName != null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("\n Found User: "******"  UPN: " + retrievedUser.UserPrincipalName);

                // get the user's Manager
                int count = 0;
                PagedResults <GraphObject> managers = graphConnection.GetLinkedObjects(retrievedUser, LinkProperty.Manager, null);
                foreach (GraphObject managerObject in managers.Results)
                {
                    if (managerObject.ODataTypeName.Contains("User"))
                    {
                        User manager = (User)managers.Results[count];
                        Console.WriteLine(" Manager: {0}  UPN: {1}", manager.DisplayName, manager.UserPrincipalName);
                    }
                    count++;
                }
                //*********************************************************************
                // get the user's Direct Reports
                //*********************************************************************
                int top = 99;
                PagedResults <GraphObject> directReportObjects = graphConnection.GetLinkedObjects(retrievedUser, LinkProperty.DirectReports, null, top);
                foreach (GraphObject graphObject in directReportObjects.Results)
                {
                    if (graphObject.ODataTypeName.Contains("User"))
                    {
                        User User = (User)graphObject;
                        Console.WriteLine(" DirectReport {0}: {1}  UPN: {2}", User.ObjectType, User.DisplayName, User.UserPrincipalName);
                    }

                    if (graphObject.ODataTypeName.Contains("Contact"))
                    {
                        Contact Contact = (Contact)graphObject;
                        Console.WriteLine(" DirectReport {0}: {1}  Mail: {2} ", Contact.ObjectType, Contact.DisplayName, Contact.Mail);
                    }
                }
                //*********************************************************************
                // get a list of Group IDs that the user is a member of
                //*********************************************************************
                Console.WriteLine("\n {0} is a member of the following Groups (IDs)", retrievedUser.DisplayName);
                bool           securityGroupsOnly   = false;
                IList <string> usersGroupMembership = graphConnection.GetMemberGroups(retrievedUser, securityGroupsOnly);
                foreach (String groupId in usersGroupMembership)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Member of Group ID: " + groupId);
                }


                //*********************************************************************
                // get the User's Group and Role membership, getting the complete set of objects
                //*********************************************************************
                PagedResults <GraphObject> memberOfObjects = graphConnection.GetLinkedObjects(retrievedUser, LinkProperty.MemberOf, null, top);
                foreach (GraphObject graphObject in memberOfObjects.Results)
                {
                    if (graphObject.ODataTypeName.Contains("Group"))
                    {
                        Group Group = (Group)graphObject;
                        Console.WriteLine(" Group: {0}  Description: {1}", Group.DisplayName, Group.Description);
                    }

                    if (graphObject.ODataTypeName.Contains("Role"))
                    {
                        Role Role = (Role)graphObject;
                        Console.WriteLine(" Role: {0}  Description: {1}", Role.DisplayName, Role.Description);
                    }
                }
            }
            //*********************************************************************
            // People picker
            // Search for a user using text string "ad" match against userPrincipalName, proxyAddresses, displayName, giveName, surname
            //*********************************************************************
            searchString = "ad";
            Console.WriteLine("\nSearching for any user with string {0} in UPN,ProxyAddresses,DisplayName,First or Last Name", searchString);

            FilterGenerator userMatchFilter = new FilterGenerator();

            userMatchFilter.Top = 19;
            Expression firstExpression  = ExpressionHelper.CreateStartsWithExpression(typeof(User), GraphProperty.UserPrincipalName, searchString);
            Expression secondExpression = ExpressionHelper.CreateAnyExpression(typeof(User), GraphProperty.ProxyAddresses, "smtp:" + searchString);

            userMatchFilter.QueryFilter = ExpressionHelper.JoinExpressions(firstExpression, secondExpression, ExpressionType.Or);

            Expression thirdExpression = ExpressionHelper.CreateStartsWithExpression(typeof(User), GraphProperty.DisplayName, searchString);

            userMatchFilter.QueryFilter = ExpressionHelper.JoinExpressions(userMatchFilter.QueryFilter, thirdExpression, ExpressionType.Or);

            Expression fourthExpression = ExpressionHelper.CreateStartsWithExpression(typeof(User), GraphProperty.GivenName, searchString);

            userMatchFilter.QueryFilter = ExpressionHelper.JoinExpressions(userMatchFilter.QueryFilter, fourthExpression, ExpressionType.Or);

            Expression fifthExpression = ExpressionHelper.CreateStartsWithExpression(typeof(User), GraphProperty.Surname, searchString);

            userMatchFilter.QueryFilter = ExpressionHelper.JoinExpressions(userMatchFilter.QueryFilter, fifthExpression, ExpressionType.Or);

            PagedResults <User> serachResults = graphConnection.List <User>(null, userMatchFilter);

            if (serachResults.Results.Count > 0)
            {
                foreach (User User in serachResults.Results)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("User DisplayName: {0}  UPN: {1}", User.DisplayName, User.UserPrincipalName);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("User not found");
            }

            //*********************************************************************
            // Search for a group using a startsWith filter (displayName property)
            //*********************************************************************
            Group retrievedGroup = new Group();

            searchString       = "Wash";
            filter.QueryFilter = ExpressionHelper.CreateStartsWithExpression(typeof(Group), GraphProperty.DisplayName, searchString);
            filter.Top         = 99;

            PagedResults <Group> pagedGroupResults = graphConnection.List <Group>(null, filter);

            if (pagedGroupResults.Results.Count > 0)
            {
                retrievedGroup = pagedGroupResults.Results[0] as Group;
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Group Not Found");
            }

            if (retrievedGroup.ObjectId != null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("\n Found Group: " + retrievedGroup.DisplayName + "  " + retrievedGroup.Description);

                //*********************************************************************
                // get the groups' membership using GetAllDirectLinks -
                // Note this method retrieves ALL links in one request - please use this method with care - this
                // may return a very large number of objects
                //*********************************************************************

                GraphObject graphObj = (GraphObject)retrievedGroup;

                IList <GraphObject> members = graphConnection.GetAllDirectLinks(graphObj, LinkProperty.Members);
                if (members.Count > 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(" Members:");
                    foreach (GraphObject graphObject in members)
                    {
                        if (graphObject.ODataTypeName.Contains("User"))
                        {
                            User User = (User)graphObject;
                            Console.WriteLine("User DisplayName: {0}  UPN: {1}", User.DisplayName, User.UserPrincipalName);
                        }

                        if (graphObject.ODataTypeName.Contains("Group"))
                        {
                            Group Group = (Group)graphObject;
                            Console.WriteLine("Group DisplayName: {0}", Group.DisplayName);
                        }

                        if (graphObject.ODataTypeName.Contains("Contact"))
                        {
                            Contact Contact = (Contact)graphObject;
                            Console.WriteLine("Contact DisplayName: {0}", Contact.DisplayName);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            //*********************************************************************
            // Search for a Role by displayName
            //*********************************************************************
            searchString       = "Company Administrator";
            filter.QueryFilter = ExpressionHelper.CreateStartsWithExpression(typeof(Role), GraphProperty.DisplayName, searchString);
            PagedResults <Role> pagedRoleResults = graphConnection.List <Role>(null, null);

            if (pagedRoleResults.Results.Count > 0)
            {
                foreach (GraphObject graphObject in pagedRoleResults.Results)
                {
                    Role role = graphObject as Role;
                    if (role.DisplayName == searchString.Trim())
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("\n Found Role: {0} {1} {2} ", role.DisplayName, role.Description, role.ObjectId);
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Role Not Found {0}", searchString);
            }

            //*********************************************************************
            // get the Service Principals
            //*********************************************************************
            filter.Top         = 999;
            filter.QueryFilter = null;
            PagedResults <ServicePrincipal> servicePrincipals = new PagedResults <ServicePrincipal>();

            do
            {
                servicePrincipals = graphConnection.List <ServicePrincipal>(servicePrincipals.PageToken, filter);
                if (servicePrincipals != null)
                {
                    foreach (ServicePrincipal servicePrincipal in servicePrincipals.Results)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Service Principal AppId: {0}  Name: {1}", servicePrincipal.AppId, servicePrincipal.DisplayName);
                    }
                }
            } while (servicePrincipals.PageToken != null);

            //*********************************************************************
            // get the  Application objects
            //*********************************************************************
            filter.Top = 999;
            PagedResults <Application> applications = new PagedResults <Application>();

            do
            {
                applications = graphConnection.List <Application>(applications.PageToken, filter);
                if (applications != null)
                {
                    foreach (Application application in applications.Results)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Application AppId: {0}  Name: {1}", application.AppId, application.DisplayName);
                    }
                }
            }while (applications.PageToken != null);

            string targetAppId = applications.Results[0].ObjectId;


            //********************************************************************************************
            //  We'll now switch to Authenticating using OAuth Authorization Code Grant
            //  which includes user Authentication/Delegation
            //*********************************************************************************************
            var    redirectUri                   = new Uri("https://localhost");
            string clientIdForUserAuthn          = "66133929-66a4-4edc-aaee-13b04b03207d";
            AuthenticationResult userAuthnResult = null;

            try
            {
                userAuthnResult = authenticationContext.AcquireToken(resource, clientIdForUserAuthn, redirectUri, PromptBehavior.Always);
                token           = userAuthnResult.AccessToken;
                Console.WriteLine("\n Welcome " + userAuthnResult.UserInfo.GivenName + " " + userAuthnResult.UserInfo.FamilyName);
            }
            catch (AuthenticationException ex)
            {
                string message = ex.Message;
                if (ex.InnerException != null)
                {
                    message += "InnerException : " + ex.InnerException.Message;
                }
                Console.WriteLine(message);
                Console.ReadKey();
                return;
            }

            // re-establish Graph connection using the new token
            graphConnection = new GraphConnection(token, ClientRequestId, graphSettings);

            //*********************************************************************************************
            // Create a new User with a temp password
            //*********************************************************************************************
            User userToBeAdded = new User();

            userToBeAdded.DisplayName              = "Sample App Demo User";
            userToBeAdded.UserPrincipalName        = "SampleAppDemoUser@" + defaultDomain.Name;
            userToBeAdded.AccountEnabled           = true;
            userToBeAdded.MailNickname             = "SampleAppDemoUser";
            userToBeAdded.PasswordProfile          = new PasswordProfile();
            userToBeAdded.PasswordProfile.Password = "******";
            userToBeAdded.PasswordProfile.ForceChangePasswordNextLogin = true;
            userToBeAdded.UsageLocation = "US";
            User newlyCreatedUser = new User();

            try
            {
                newlyCreatedUser = graphConnection.Add <User>(userToBeAdded);
                Console.WriteLine("\nNew User {0} was created", userToBeAdded.DisplayName);
            }
            catch (GraphException graphException)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("\nError creating new user {0} {1}", graphException.Code, graphException.Message);
            }

            //*********************************************************************************************
            // update the newly created user's Password, PasswordPolicies and City
            //*********************************************************************************************
            if (newlyCreatedUser.ObjectId != null)
            {
                string userObjectId = newlyCreatedUser.ObjectId;

                // update User's city and reset their User's password
                User updateUser = graphConnection.Get <User>(userObjectId);
                updateUser.City = "Seattle";
                PasswordProfile passwordProfile = new PasswordProfile();
                passwordProfile.Password = "******";
                passwordProfile.ForceChangePasswordNextLogin = false;
                updateUser.PasswordProfile  = passwordProfile;
                updateUser.PasswordPolicies = "DisablePasswordExpiration, DisableStrongPassword";
                try
                {
                    graphConnection.Update(updateUser);
                    Console.WriteLine("\nUser {0} was updated", updateUser.DisplayName);
                }
                catch (GraphException graphException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("\nError Updating the user {0} {1}", graphException.Code, graphException.Message);
                }


                //*********************************************************************************************
                // Add, then retrieve a thumbnailPhoto for the newly created user
                //*********************************************************************************************
                Bitmap thumbnailPhoto = new Bitmap(20, 20);
                thumbnailPhoto.SetPixel(5, 5, Color.Beige);
                thumbnailPhoto.SetPixel(5, 6, Color.Beige);
                thumbnailPhoto.SetPixel(6, 5, Color.Beige);
                thumbnailPhoto.SetPixel(6, 6, Color.Beige);

                using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
                {
                    thumbnailPhoto.Save(ms, ImageFormat.Jpeg);
                    graphConnection.SetStreamProperty(newlyCreatedUser, GraphProperty.ThumbnailPhoto, ms, "image/jpeg");
                    //  graphConnection.SetStreamProperty(newlyCreatedUser, "thumbnailPhoto", ms, "image/jpeg");
                }

                using (Stream ms = graphConnection.GetStreamProperty(newlyCreatedUser, GraphProperty.ThumbnailPhoto, "image/jpeg"))
                {
                    Image jpegImage = Image.FromStream(ms);
                }



                //*********************************************************************************************
                // User License Assignment - assign EnterprisePack license to new user, and disable SharePoint service
                //   first get a list of Tenant's subscriptions and find the "Enterprisepack" one
                //   Enterprise Pack includes service Plans for ExchangeOnline, SharePointOnline and LyncOnline
                //   validate that Subscription is Enabled and there are enough units left to assign to users
                //*********************************************************************************************
                PagedResults <SubscribedSku> skus = graphConnection.List <SubscribedSku>(null, null);
                foreach (SubscribedSku sku in skus.Results)
                {
                    if (sku.SkuPartNumber == "ENTERPRISEPACK")
                    {
                        if ((sku.PrepaidUnits.Enabled.Value > sku.ConsumedUnits) && (sku.CapabilityStatus == "Enabled"))
                        {
                            // create addLicense object and assign the Enterprise Sku GUID to the skuId
                            //
                            AssignedLicense addLicense = new AssignedLicense();
                            addLicense.SkuId = sku.SkuId.Value;

                            // find plan id of SharePoint Service Plan
                            foreach (ServicePlanInfo servicePlan in sku.ServicePlans)
                            {
                                if (servicePlan.ServicePlanName.Contains("SHAREPOINT"))
                                {
                                    addLicense.DisabledPlans.Add(servicePlan.ServicePlanId.Value);
                                    break;
                                }
                            }

                            IList <AssignedLicense> licensesToAdd    = new AssignedLicense[] { addLicense };
                            IList <Guid>            licensesToRemove = new Guid[] { };

                            // attempt to assign the license object to the new user
                            try
                            {
                                graphConnection.AssignLicense(newlyCreatedUser, licensesToAdd, licensesToRemove);
                                Console.WriteLine("\n User {0} was assigned license {1}", newlyCreatedUser.DisplayName, addLicense.SkuId);
                            }
                            catch (GraphException graphException)
                            {
                                Console.WriteLine("\nLicense assingment failed {0} {1}", graphException.Code, graphException.Message);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                //*********************************************************************************************
                // Add User to the "WA" Group
                //*********************************************************************************************
                if (retrievedGroup.ObjectId != null)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        graphConnection.AddLink(retrievedGroup, newlyCreatedUser, LinkProperty.Members);
                        Console.WriteLine("\nUser {0} was added to Group {1}", newlyCreatedUser.DisplayName, retrievedGroup.DisplayName);
                    }
                    catch (GraphException graphException)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("\nAdding user to group failed {0} {1}", graphException.Code, graphException.Message);
                    }
                }

                //*********************************************************************************************
                // Create a new Group
                //*********************************************************************************************
                Group CaliforniaEmployees = new Group();
                CaliforniaEmployees.DisplayName     = "California Employees";
                CaliforniaEmployees.Description     = "Employees in the state of California";
                CaliforniaEmployees.MailNickname    = "CalEmployees";
                CaliforniaEmployees.MailEnabled     = false;
                CaliforniaEmployees.SecurityEnabled = true;
                Group newGroup = null;
                try
                {
                    newGroup = graphConnection.Add <Group>(CaliforniaEmployees);
                    Console.WriteLine("\nNew Group {0} was created", newGroup.DisplayName);
                }
                catch (GraphException graphException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("\nError creating new Group {0} {1}", graphException.Code, graphException.Message);
                }

                //*********************************************************************************************
                // Add the new User member to the new Group
                //*********************************************************************************************
                if (newGroup.ObjectId != null)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        graphConnection.AddLink(newGroup, newlyCreatedUser, LinkProperty.Members);
                        Console.WriteLine("\nUser {0} was added to Group {1}", newlyCreatedUser.DisplayName, newGroup.DisplayName);
                    }
                    catch (GraphException graphException)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("\nAdding user to group failed {0} {1}", graphException.Code, graphException.Message);
                    }
                }


                //*********************************************************************************************
                // Delete the user that we just created
                //*********************************************************************************************
                if (newlyCreatedUser.ObjectId != null)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        graphConnection.Delete(newlyCreatedUser);
                        Console.WriteLine("\nUser {0} was deleted", newlyCreatedUser.DisplayName);
                    }
                    catch (GraphException graphException)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Deleting User failed {0} {1}", graphException.Code, graphException.Message);
                    }
                }

                //*********************************************************************************************
                // Delete the Group that we just created
                //*********************************************************************************************
                if (newGroup.ObjectId != null)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        graphConnection.Delete(newGroup);
                        Console.WriteLine("\nGroup {0} was deleted", newGroup.DisplayName);
                    }
                    catch (GraphException graphException)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Deleting Group failed: {0} {1}", graphException.Code, graphException.Message);
                    }
                }
            }

            //*********************************************************************************************
            // Get a list of Mobile Devices from tenant
            //*********************************************************************************************
            Console.WriteLine("\nGetting Devices");
            FilterGenerator deviceFilter = new FilterGenerator();

            deviceFilter.Top = 999;
            PagedResults <Device> devices = graphConnection.List <Device>(null, deviceFilter);

            foreach (Device device in devices.Results)
            {
                if (device.ObjectId != null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Device ID: {0}, Type: {1}", device.DeviceId, device.DeviceOSType);
                    foreach (GraphObject owner in device.RegisteredOwners)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Device Owner ID: " + owner.ObjectId);
                    }
                }
            }

            //*********************************************************************************************
            // Create a new Application object
            //*********************************************************************************************
            Application appObject = new Application();

            appObject.DisplayName = "Test-Demo App";
            appObject.IdentifierUris.Add("https://localhost/demo/" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
            appObject.ReplyUrls.Add("https://localhost/demo");

            // created Keycredential object for the new App object
            KeyCredential KeyCredential = new KeyCredential();

            KeyCredential.StartDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
            KeyCredential.EndDate   = DateTime.UtcNow.AddYears(1);
            KeyCredential.Type      = "Symmetric";
            KeyCredential.Value     = Convert.FromBase64String("g/TMLuxgzurjQ0Sal9wFEzpaX/sI0vBP3IBUE/H/NS4=");
            KeyCredential.Usage     = "Verify";
            appObject.KeyCredentials.Add(KeyCredential);

            GraphObject newApp = null;

            try
            {
                newApp = graphConnection.Add(appObject);
                Console.WriteLine("New Application created: " + newApp.ObjectId);
            }
            catch (GraphException graphException)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Application Creation execption: {0} {1}", graphException.Code, graphException.Message);
            }

            // Get the application object that was just created
            if (newApp != null)
            {
                GraphObject app          = graphConnection.Get(typeof(Application), newApp.ObjectId);
                Application retrievedApp = (Application)app;

                //*********************************************************************************************
                // create a new Service principal
                //*********************************************************************************************
                ServicePrincipal newServicePrincpal = new ServicePrincipal();
                newServicePrincpal.DisplayName    = "Test-Demo App";
                newServicePrincpal.AccountEnabled = true;
                newServicePrincpal.AppId          = retrievedApp.AppId;

                GraphObject newSP = null;
                try
                {
                    newSP = graphConnection.Add <ServicePrincipal>(newServicePrincpal);
                    //    newSP = graphConnection.Add(newServicePrincpal);
                    Console.WriteLine("New Service Principal created: " + newSP.ObjectId);
                }
                catch (GraphException graphException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Service Principal Creation execption: {0} {1}", graphException.Code, graphException.Message);
                }


                //*********************************************************************************************
                // get all Permission Objects
                //*********************************************************************************************
                Console.WriteLine("\n Getting Permissions");
                filter.Top = 999;
                PagedResults <Permission> permissions = new PagedResults <Permission>();
                do
                {
                    try
                    {
                        permissions = graphConnection.List <Permission>(permissions.PageToken, filter);
                    }
                    catch (GraphException graphException)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Error: {0} {1}", graphException.Code, graphException.Message);
                        break;
                    }

                    foreach (Permission permission in permissions.Results)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Permission: {0}  Name: {1}", permission.ClientId, permission.Scope);
                    }
                } while (permissions.PageToken != null);

                //*********************************************************************************************
                // Create new permission object
                //*********************************************************************************************
                Permission permissionObject = new Permission();
                permissionObject.ConsentType = "AllPrincipals";
                permissionObject.Scope       = "user_impersonation";
                permissionObject.StartTime   = DateTime.Now;
                permissionObject.ExpiryTime  = (DateTime.Now).AddMonths(12);

                // resourceId is objectId of the resource, in this case objectId of AzureAd (Graph API)
                permissionObject.ResourceId = "dbf73c3e-e80b-495b-a82f-2f772bb0a417";

                //ClientId = objectId of servicePrincipal
                permissionObject.ClientId = newSP.ObjectId;

                GraphObject newPermission = null;
                try
                {
                    newPermission = graphConnection.Add(permissionObject);
                    Console.WriteLine("New Permission object created: " + newPermission.ObjectId);
                }
                catch (GraphException graphException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Permission Creation exception: {0} {1}", graphException.Code, graphException.Message);
                }

                //*********************************************************************************************
                // Delete Application Objects
                //*********************************************************************************************

                if (retrievedApp.ObjectId != null)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        graphConnection.Delete(retrievedApp);
                        Console.WriteLine("Deleting Application object: " + retrievedApp.ObjectId);
                    }
                    catch (GraphException graphException)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Application Deletion execption: {0} {1}", graphException.Code, graphException.Message);
                    }
                }
            }

            //*********************************************************************************************
            // Show Batching with 3 operators.  Note: up to 5 operations can be in a batch
            //*********************************************************************************************
            // get users
            Console.WriteLine("\n Executing Batch Request");
            BatchRequestItem firstItem = new BatchRequestItem(
                "GET",
                false,
                Utils.GetListUri <User>(graphConnection, null, new FilterGenerator()),
                null,
                String.Empty);

            // get members of a Group
            Uri membersUri = Utils.GetRequestUri <Group>(graphConnection, retrievedGroup.ObjectId, "members");

            BatchRequestItem secondItem = new BatchRequestItem(
                "GET",
                false,
                new Uri(membersUri.ToString()),
                null,
                String.Empty);

            // update an existing group's Description property

            retrievedGroup.Description = "New Employees in Washington State";

            BatchRequestItem thirdItem = new BatchRequestItem(
                "Patch",
                true,
                Utils.GetRequestUri <Group>(graphConnection, retrievedGroup.ObjectId),
                null,
                retrievedGroup.ToJson(true));

            // Execute the batch requst
            IList <BatchRequestItem>  batchRequest   = new BatchRequestItem[] { firstItem, secondItem, thirdItem };
            IList <BatchResponseItem> batchResponses = graphConnection.ExecuteBatch(batchRequest);

            int responseCount = 0;

            foreach (BatchResponseItem responseItem in batchResponses)
            {
                if (responseItem.Failed)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Failed: {0} {1}",
                                      responseItem.Exception.Code,
                                      responseItem.Exception.ErrorMessage);
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Batch Item Result {0} succeeded {1}",
                                      responseCount++,
                                      !responseItem.Failed);
                }
            }

            // this next section shows how to access the signed-in user's mailbox.
            // First we get a new token for Office365 Exchange Online Resource
            // using the multi-resource refresh token tha was included when the previoius
            // token was acquired.
            // We can now request a new token for Office365 Exchange Online.
            //
            string office365Emailresource = "https://outlook.office365.com/";
            string office365Token         = null;

            if (userAuthnResult.IsMultipleResourceRefreshToken)
            {
                userAuthnResult = authenticationContext.AcquireTokenByRefreshToken(userAuthnResult.RefreshToken, clientIdForUserAuthn, office365Emailresource);
                office365Token  = userAuthnResult.AccessToken;

                //
                // Call the Office365 API and retrieve the top item from the user's mailbox.
                //
                string     requestUrl = "https://outlook.office365.com/EWS/OData/Me/Inbox/Messages?$top=1";
                WebRequest getMailboxRequest;
                getMailboxRequest = WebRequest.Create(requestUrl);
                getMailboxRequest.Headers.Add(HttpRequestHeader.Authorization, "Bearer " + office365Token);
                Console.WriteLine("\n Getting the User's Mailbox Contents \n");

                //
                // Read the contents of the user's mailbox, and display to the console.
                //
                Stream objStream = null;
                try
                {
                    objStream = getMailboxRequest.GetResponse().GetResponseStream();
                    StreamReader objReader = new StreamReader(objStream);

                    string sLine = "";
                    int    i     = 0;

                    while (sLine != null)
                    {
                        i++;
                        sLine = objReader.ReadLine();
                        if (sLine != null)
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}", i, sLine);
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("\n Error Getting User's Mailbox: {0} \n", ex.Message);
                }
            }

            //*********************************************************************************************
            // End of Demo Console App
            //*********************************************************************************************
            Console.WriteLine("\nCompleted at {0} \n ClientRequestId: {1}", CurrentDateTime, ClientRequestId);
            Console.ReadKey();
            return;
        }