private static void RunEdgeDFSAndCheck <TVertex, TEdge>(
            [NotNull] IEdgeListAndIncidenceGraph <TVertex, TEdge> graph,
            int maxDepth = int.MaxValue)
            where TEdge : IEdge <TVertex>
        {
            var parents       = new Dictionary <TEdge, TEdge>();
            var discoverTimes = new Dictionary <TEdge, int>();
            var finishTimes   = new Dictionary <TEdge, int>();
            int time          = 0;
            var dfs           = new EdgeDepthFirstSearchAlgorithm <TVertex, TEdge>(graph)
            {
                MaxDepth = maxDepth
            };

            dfs.InitializeEdge += edge =>
            {
                Assert.AreEqual(GraphColor.White, dfs.EdgesColors[edge]);
            };

            dfs.StartEdge += edge =>
            {
                Assert.AreEqual(GraphColor.White, dfs.EdgesColors[edge]);
                Assert.IsFalse(parents.ContainsKey(edge));
                parents[edge]       = edge;
                discoverTimes[edge] = time++;
            };

            dfs.DiscoverTreeEdge += (edge, targetEdge) =>
            {
                parents[targetEdge] = edge;

                Assert.AreEqual(GraphColor.White, dfs.EdgesColors[targetEdge]);
                Assert.AreEqual(GraphColor.Gray, dfs.EdgesColors[parents[targetEdge]]);

                discoverTimes[targetEdge] = time++;
            };

            dfs.TreeEdge += edge =>
            {
                Assert.AreEqual(GraphColor.Gray, dfs.EdgesColors[edge]);
            };

            dfs.BackEdge += edge =>
            {
                Assert.AreEqual(GraphColor.Gray, dfs.EdgesColors[edge]);
            };

            dfs.ForwardOrCrossEdge += edge =>
            {
                Assert.AreEqual(GraphColor.Black, dfs.EdgesColors[edge]);
            };

            dfs.FinishEdge += edge =>
            {
                Assert.AreEqual(GraphColor.Black, dfs.EdgesColors[edge]);
                finishTimes[edge] = time++;
            };

            dfs.Compute();

            // Check
            // All vertices should be black
            foreach (TEdge edge in graph.Edges)
            {
                Assert.IsTrue(dfs.EdgesColors.ContainsKey(edge));
                Assert.AreEqual(dfs.EdgesColors[edge], GraphColor.Black);
            }

            foreach (TEdge e1 in graph.Edges)
            {
                foreach (TEdge e2 in graph.Edges)
                {
                    if (!e1.Equals(e2))
                    {
                        Assert.IsTrue(
                            finishTimes[e1] < discoverTimes[e2] ||
                            finishTimes[e2] < discoverTimes[e1] ||
                            (discoverTimes[e2] < discoverTimes[e1] && finishTimes[e1] < finishTimes[e2] && IsDescendant(parents, e1, e2)) ||
                            (discoverTimes[e1] < discoverTimes[e2] && finishTimes[e2] < finishTimes[e1] && IsDescendant(parents, e2, e1)));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        public void AllMergedPath()
        {
            {
                var recorder = new EdgePredecessorRecorderObserver <int, Edge <int> >();

                var graph = new AdjacencyGraph <int, Edge <int> >();

                var dfs = new EdgeDepthFirstSearchAlgorithm <int, Edge <int> >(graph);
                using (recorder.Attach(dfs))
                {
                    dfs.Compute();

                    CollectionAssert.IsEmpty(recorder.AllMergedPaths());
                }
            }

            {
                var recorder = new EdgePredecessorRecorderObserver <int, Edge <int> >();

                // Graph without cycle
                var edge12 = new Edge <int>(1, 2);
                var edge13 = new Edge <int>(1, 3);
                var edge14 = new Edge <int>(1, 4);
                var edge24 = new Edge <int>(2, 4);
                var edge31 = new Edge <int>(3, 1);
                var edge33 = new Edge <int>(3, 3);
                var edge34 = new Edge <int>(3, 4);
                var graph  = new AdjacencyGraph <int, Edge <int> >();
                graph.AddVerticesAndEdgeRange(new[]
                {
                    edge12, edge13, edge14, edge24, edge31, edge33, edge34
                });

                var dfs = new EdgeDepthFirstSearchAlgorithm <int, Edge <int> >(graph);
                using (recorder.Attach(dfs))
                {
                    dfs.Compute();

                    CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(
                        new IEnumerable <Edge <int> >[]
                    {
                        new[] { edge12, edge24 },
                        new[] { edge13, edge31, edge14 },
                        new[] { /* edge13 can't be reused */ edge33, edge34 }
                    },
                        recorder.AllMergedPaths());
                }
            }

            {
                var recorder = new EdgePredecessorRecorderObserver <int, Edge <int> >();

                // Graph with cycle
                var edge12 = new Edge <int>(1, 2);
                var edge13 = new Edge <int>(1, 3);
                var edge14 = new Edge <int>(1, 4);
                var edge24 = new Edge <int>(2, 4);
                var edge31 = new Edge <int>(3, 1);
                var edge33 = new Edge <int>(3, 3);
                var edge34 = new Edge <int>(3, 4);
                var edge41 = new Edge <int>(4, 1);
                var graph  = new AdjacencyGraph <int, Edge <int> >();
                graph.AddVerticesAndEdgeRange(new[]
                {
                    edge12, edge13, edge14, edge24, edge31, edge33, edge34, edge41
                });

                var dfs = new EdgeDepthFirstSearchAlgorithm <int, Edge <int> >(graph);
                using (recorder.Attach(dfs))
                {
                    dfs.Compute();

                    CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(
                        new IEnumerable <Edge <int> >[]
                    {
                        new[] { edge12, edge24, edge41, edge13, edge31, edge14 },
                        new[] { /* edge12, edge24, edge41, edge13 can't be reused */ edge33, edge34 }
                    },
                        recorder.AllMergedPaths());
                }
            }
        }
        public void MergedPath()
        {
            {
                var recorder = new EdgePredecessorRecorderObserver <int, Edge <int> >();

                var graph = new AdjacencyGraph <int, Edge <int> >();

                var dfs = new EdgeDepthFirstSearchAlgorithm <int, Edge <int> >(graph);
                using (recorder.Attach(dfs))
                {
                    dfs.Compute();

                    var edge12 = new Edge <int>(1, 2);
                    var colors = new Dictionary <Edge <int>, GraphColor>
                    {
                        [edge12] = GraphColor.Black
                    };

                    // Not in the graph and edge marked as already used!
                    CollectionAssert.IsEmpty(recorder.MergedPath(edge12, colors));

                    // Not in the graph => return the edge itself
                    colors[edge12] = GraphColor.White;
                    CollectionAssert.AreEqual(
                        new[] { edge12 },
                        recorder.MergedPath(edge12, colors));
                }
            }

            {
                var recorder = new EdgePredecessorRecorderObserver <int, Edge <int> >();

                // Graph without cycle
                var edge12 = new Edge <int>(1, 2);
                var edge13 = new Edge <int>(1, 3);
                var edge14 = new Edge <int>(1, 4);
                var edge24 = new Edge <int>(2, 4);
                var edge31 = new Edge <int>(3, 1);
                var edge33 = new Edge <int>(3, 3);
                var edge34 = new Edge <int>(3, 4);
                var graph  = new AdjacencyGraph <int, Edge <int> >();
                graph.AddVerticesAndEdgeRange(new[]
                {
                    edge12, edge13, edge14, edge24, edge31, edge33, edge34
                });

                var dfs = new EdgeDepthFirstSearchAlgorithm <int, Edge <int> >(graph);
                using (recorder.Attach(dfs))
                {
                    dfs.Compute();

                    Dictionary <Edge <int>, GraphColor> colors = graph.Edges.ToDictionary(
                        edge => edge,
                        _ => GraphColor.White);

                    CollectionAssert.AreEqual(
                        new[] { edge12, edge24 },
                        recorder.MergedPath(edge24, colors));

                    // Already used
                    CollectionAssert.IsEmpty(recorder.MergedPath(edge24, colors));

                    CollectionAssert.AreEqual(
                        new[] { edge13, edge31 },
                        recorder.MergedPath(edge31, colors));
                }
            }

            {
                var recorder = new EdgePredecessorRecorderObserver <int, Edge <int> >();

                // Graph with cycle
                var edge12 = new Edge <int>(1, 2);
                var edge13 = new Edge <int>(1, 3);
                var edge14 = new Edge <int>(1, 4);
                var edge24 = new Edge <int>(2, 4);
                var edge31 = new Edge <int>(3, 1);
                var edge33 = new Edge <int>(3, 3);
                var edge34 = new Edge <int>(3, 4);
                var edge41 = new Edge <int>(4, 1);
                var graph  = new AdjacencyGraph <int, Edge <int> >();
                graph.AddVerticesAndEdgeRange(new[]
                {
                    edge12, edge13, edge14, edge24, edge31, edge33, edge34, edge41
                });

                var dfs = new EdgeDepthFirstSearchAlgorithm <int, Edge <int> >(graph);
                using (recorder.Attach(dfs))
                {
                    dfs.Compute();

                    Dictionary <Edge <int>, GraphColor> colors = graph.Edges.ToDictionary(
                        edge => edge,
                        _ => GraphColor.White);

                    CollectionAssert.AreEqual(
                        new[] { edge12, edge24, edge41 },
                        recorder.MergedPath(edge41, colors));

                    // Already used
                    CollectionAssert.IsEmpty(recorder.MergedPath(edge41, colors));

                    CollectionAssert.AreEqual(
                        new[] { edge13, edge33, edge34 },
                        recorder.MergedPath(edge34, colors));
                }
            }
        }
        public void Attach()
        {
            {
                var recorder = new EdgePredecessorRecorderObserver <int, Edge <int> >();

                var graph = new AdjacencyGraph <int, Edge <int> >();

                var dfs = new EdgeDepthFirstSearchAlgorithm <int, Edge <int> >(graph);
                using (recorder.Attach(dfs))
                {
                    dfs.Compute();

                    CollectionAssert.IsEmpty(recorder.EdgesPredecessors);
                    CollectionAssert.IsEmpty(recorder.EndPathEdges);
                }
            }

            {
                var recorder = new EdgePredecessorRecorderObserver <int, Edge <int> >();

                var graph = new AdjacencyGraph <int, Edge <int> >();
                graph.AddVertexRange(new[] { 1, 2 });

                var dfs = new EdgeDepthFirstSearchAlgorithm <int, Edge <int> >(graph);
                using (recorder.Attach(dfs))
                {
                    dfs.Compute();

                    CollectionAssert.IsEmpty(recorder.EdgesPredecessors);
                    CollectionAssert.IsEmpty(recorder.EndPathEdges);
                }
            }

            {
                var recorder = new EdgePredecessorRecorderObserver <int, Edge <int> >();

                // Graph without cycle
                var edge12 = new Edge <int>(1, 2);
                var edge13 = new Edge <int>(1, 3);
                var edge14 = new Edge <int>(1, 4);
                var edge24 = new Edge <int>(2, 4);
                var edge31 = new Edge <int>(3, 1);
                var edge33 = new Edge <int>(3, 3);
                var edge34 = new Edge <int>(3, 4);
                var graph  = new AdjacencyGraph <int, Edge <int> >();
                graph.AddVerticesAndEdgeRange(new[]
                {
                    edge12, edge13, edge14, edge24, edge31, edge33, edge34
                });

                var dfs = new EdgeDepthFirstSearchAlgorithm <int, Edge <int> >(graph);
                using (recorder.Attach(dfs))
                {
                    dfs.Compute();

                    CollectionAssert.AreEqual(
                        new Dictionary <Edge <int>, Edge <int> >
                    {
                        [edge14] = edge31,
                        [edge24] = edge12,
                        [edge31] = edge13,
                        [edge33] = edge13,
                        [edge34] = edge33
                    },
                        recorder.EdgesPredecessors);
                    CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(
                        new[] { edge14, edge24, edge34 },
                        recorder.EndPathEdges);
                }
            }

            {
                var recorder = new EdgePredecessorRecorderObserver <int, Edge <int> >();

                // Graph with cycle
                var edge12 = new Edge <int>(1, 2);
                var edge13 = new Edge <int>(1, 3);
                var edge14 = new Edge <int>(1, 4);
                var edge24 = new Edge <int>(2, 4);
                var edge31 = new Edge <int>(3, 1);
                var edge33 = new Edge <int>(3, 3);
                var edge34 = new Edge <int>(3, 4);
                var edge41 = new Edge <int>(4, 1);
                var graph  = new AdjacencyGraph <int, Edge <int> >();
                graph.AddVerticesAndEdgeRange(new[]
                {
                    edge12, edge13, edge14, edge24, edge31, edge33, edge34, edge41
                });

                var dfs = new EdgeDepthFirstSearchAlgorithm <int, Edge <int> >(graph);
                using (recorder.Attach(dfs))
                {
                    dfs.Compute();

                    CollectionAssert.AreEqual(
                        new Dictionary <Edge <int>, Edge <int> >
                    {
                        [edge13] = edge41,
                        [edge14] = edge31,
                        [edge24] = edge12,
                        [edge31] = edge13,
                        [edge33] = edge13,
                        [edge34] = edge33,
                        [edge41] = edge24
                    },
                        recorder.EdgesPredecessors);
                    CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(
                        new[] { edge14, edge34 },
                        recorder.EndPathEdges);
                }
            }
        }
        public void Path()
        {
            {
                var recorder = new EdgePredecessorRecorderObserver <int, Edge <int> >();

                var graph = new AdjacencyGraph <int, Edge <int> >();

                var dfs = new EdgeDepthFirstSearchAlgorithm <int, Edge <int> >(graph);
                using (recorder.Attach(dfs))
                {
                    dfs.Compute();

                    var edge12 = new Edge <int>(1, 2);
                    // Not in the graph => return the edge itself
                    CollectionAssert.AreEqual(
                        new[] { edge12 },
                        recorder.Path(edge12));
                }
            }

            {
                var recorder = new EdgePredecessorRecorderObserver <int, Edge <int> >();

                // Graph without cycle
                var edge12 = new Edge <int>(1, 2);
                var edge13 = new Edge <int>(1, 3);
                var edge14 = new Edge <int>(1, 4);
                var edge24 = new Edge <int>(2, 4);
                var edge31 = new Edge <int>(3, 1);
                var edge33 = new Edge <int>(3, 3);
                var edge34 = new Edge <int>(3, 4);
                var graph  = new AdjacencyGraph <int, Edge <int> >();
                graph.AddVerticesAndEdgeRange(new[]
                {
                    edge12, edge13, edge14, edge24, edge31, edge33, edge34
                });

                var dfs = new EdgeDepthFirstSearchAlgorithm <int, Edge <int> >(graph);
                using (recorder.Attach(dfs))
                {
                    dfs.Compute();

                    CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(
                        new[] { edge13, edge31, edge14 },
                        recorder.Path(edge14));

                    CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(
                        new[] { edge13, edge33 },
                        recorder.Path(edge33));
                }
            }

            {
                var recorder = new EdgePredecessorRecorderObserver <int, Edge <int> >();

                // Graph with cycle
                var edge12 = new Edge <int>(1, 2);
                var edge13 = new Edge <int>(1, 3);
                var edge14 = new Edge <int>(1, 4);
                var edge24 = new Edge <int>(2, 4);
                var edge31 = new Edge <int>(3, 1);
                var edge33 = new Edge <int>(3, 3);
                var edge34 = new Edge <int>(3, 4);
                var edge41 = new Edge <int>(4, 1);
                var graph  = new AdjacencyGraph <int, Edge <int> >();
                graph.AddVerticesAndEdgeRange(new[]
                {
                    edge12, edge13, edge14, edge24, edge31, edge33, edge34, edge41
                });

                var dfs = new EdgeDepthFirstSearchAlgorithm <int, Edge <int> >(graph);
                using (recorder.Attach(dfs))
                {
                    dfs.Compute();

                    CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(
                        new[] { edge12, edge24, edge41, edge13, edge31, edge14 },
                        recorder.Path(edge14));

                    CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(
                        new[] { edge12, edge24, edge41, edge13, edge33 },
                        recorder.Path(edge33));
                }
            }
        }