public static void WatermarkOffsets(string bootstrapServers, string singlePartitionTopic, string partitionedTopic)
        {
            LogToFile("start WatermarkOffsets");

            var producerConfig = new ProducerConfig {
                BootstrapServers = bootstrapServers
            };

            var testString = "hello world";

            DeliveryReport <Null, string> dr;

            using (var producer = new Producer <Null, string>(producerConfig))
                using (var adminClient = new AdminClient(producer.Handle))
                {
                    dr = producer.ProduceAsync(singlePartitionTopic, new Message <Null, string> {
                        Value = testString
                    }).Result;
                    Assert.Equal(0, producer.Flush(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10))); // this isn't necessary.

                    var queryOffsets = adminClient.QueryWatermarkOffsets(new TopicPartition(singlePartitionTopic, 0), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(20));
                    Assert.NotEqual(queryOffsets.Low, Offset.Invalid);
                    Assert.NotEqual(queryOffsets.High, Offset.Invalid);

                    // TODO: can anything be said about the high watermark offset c.f. dr.Offset?
                    //       I have seen queryOffsets.High < dr.Offset and also queryOffsets.High = dr.Offset + 1.
                    //       The former only once (or was I in error?). request.required.acks has a default value
                    //       of 1, so with only one broker, I assume the former should never happen.
                    // Console.WriteLine($"Query Offsets: [{queryOffsets.Low} {queryOffsets.High}]. DR Offset: {dr.Offset}");
                    Assert.True(queryOffsets.Low < queryOffsets.High);
                }

            var consumerConfig = new ConsumerConfig
            {
                GroupId          = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
                BootstrapServers = bootstrapServers,
                SessionTimeoutMs = 6000
            };

            using (var consumer = new Consumer <byte[], byte[]>(consumerConfig))
                using (var adminClient = new AdminClient(consumer.Handle))
                {
                    consumer.Assign(new List <TopicPartitionOffset>()
                    {
                        dr.TopicPartitionOffset
                    });
                    var record = consumer.Consume(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
                    Assert.NotNull(record.Message);

                    var getOffsets = adminClient.GetWatermarkOffsets(dr.TopicPartition);
                    Assert.Equal(getOffsets.Low, Offset.Invalid);
                    // the offset of the next message to be read.
                    Assert.Equal(getOffsets.High, dr.Offset + 1);

                    var queryOffsets = adminClient.QueryWatermarkOffsets(dr.TopicPartition, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(20));
                    Assert.NotEqual(queryOffsets.Low, Offset.Invalid);
                    Assert.Equal(getOffsets.High, queryOffsets.High);
                }

            Assert.Equal(0, Library.HandleCount);
            LogToFile("end   WatermarkOffsets");
        }
        public static void Producer_Handles(string bootstrapServers, string singlePartitionTopic, string partitionedTopic)
        {
            LogToFile("start Producer_Handles");

            var producerConfig = new ProducerConfig {
                BootstrapServers = bootstrapServers
            };

            using (var topic = new TemporaryTopic(bootstrapServers, 1))
            {
                using (var producer1 = new ProducerBuilder <byte[], byte[]>(producerConfig).Build())
                    using (var producer2 = new DependentProducerBuilder <string, string>(producer1.Handle).Build())
                        using (var producer3 = new DependentProducerBuilder <byte[], byte[]>(producer1.Handle).Build())
                            using (var producer4 = new DependentProducerBuilder <int, string>(producer2.Handle).Build())
                                using (var producer5 = new DependentProducerBuilder <int, int>(producer3.Handle).Build())
                                    using (var producer6 = new DependentProducerBuilder <string, byte[]>(producer4.Handle).Build())
                                        using (var producer7 = new ProducerBuilder <double, double>(producerConfig).Build())
                                            using (var adminClient = new AdminClient(producer7.Handle))
                                            {
                                                var r1 = producer1.ProduceAsync(topic.Name, new Message <byte[], byte[]> {
                                                    Key = new byte[] { 42 }, Value = new byte[] { 33 }
                                                }).Result;
                                                Assert.Equal(new byte[] { 42 }, r1.Key);
                                                Assert.Equal(new byte[] { 33 }, r1.Value);
                                                Assert.Equal(0, r1.Offset);

                                                var r2 = producer2.ProduceAsync(topic.Name, new Message <string, string> {
                                                    Key = "hello", Value = "world"
                                                }).Result;
                                                Assert.Equal("hello", r2.Key);
                                                Assert.Equal("world", r2.Value);

                                                var r3 = producer3.ProduceAsync(topic.Name, new Message <byte[], byte[]> {
                                                    Key = new byte[] { 40 }, Value = new byte[] { 31 }
                                                }).Result;
                                                Assert.Equal(new byte[] { 40 }, r3.Key);
                                                Assert.Equal(new byte[] { 31 }, r3.Value);

                                                var r4 = producer4.ProduceAsync(topic.Name, new Message <int, string> {
                                                    Key = 42, Value = "mellow world"
                                                }).Result;
                                                Assert.Equal(42, r4.Key);
                                                Assert.Equal("mellow world", r4.Value);

                                                var r5 = producer5.ProduceAsync(topic.Name, new Message <int, int> {
                                                    Key = int.MaxValue, Value = int.MinValue
                                                }).Result;
                                                Assert.Equal(int.MaxValue, r5.Key);
                                                Assert.Equal(int.MinValue, r5.Value);

                                                var r6 = producer6.ProduceAsync(topic.Name, new Message <string, byte[]> {
                                                    Key = "yellow mould", Value = new byte[] { 69 }
                                                }).Result;
                                                Assert.Equal("yellow mould", r6.Key);
                                                Assert.Equal(new byte[] { 69 }, r6.Value);

                                                var r7 = producer7.ProduceAsync(topic.Name, new Message <double, double> {
                                                    Key = 44.0, Value = 234.4
                                                }).Result;
                                                Assert.Equal(44.0, r7.Key);
                                                Assert.Equal(234.4, r7.Value);

                                                var offsets = adminClient.QueryWatermarkOffsets(new TopicPartition(topic.Name, 0), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
                                                Assert.Equal(0, offsets.Low);
                                                Assert.Equal(7, offsets.High);

                                                // implicitly check this does not throw.
                                            }

                var consumerConfig = new ConsumerConfig {
                    BootstrapServers = bootstrapServers, GroupId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString()
                };

                using (var consumer = new ConsumerBuilder <byte[], byte[]>(consumerConfig).Build())
                {
                    consumer.Assign(new TopicPartitionOffset(topic.Name, 0, 0));
                    var r1 = consumer.Consume(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
                    Assert.Equal(new byte[] { 42 }, r1.Key);
                    Assert.Equal(new byte[] { 33 }, r1.Value);
                    Assert.Equal(0, r1.Offset);
                }

                using (var consumer = new ConsumerBuilder <string, string>(consumerConfig).Build())
                {
                    consumer.Assign(new TopicPartitionOffset(topic.Name, 0, 1));
                    var r2 = consumer.Consume(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
                    Assert.Equal("hello", r2.Key);
                    Assert.Equal("world", r2.Value);
                    Assert.Equal(1, r2.Offset);
                }

                using (var consumer = new ConsumerBuilder <byte[], byte[]>(consumerConfig).Build())
                {
                    consumer.Assign(new TopicPartitionOffset(topic.Name, 0, 2));
                    var r3 = consumer.Consume(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
                    Assert.Equal(new byte[] { 40 }, r3.Key);
                    Assert.Equal(new byte[] { 31 }, r3.Value);
                    Assert.Equal(2, r3.Offset);
                }

                using (var consumer = new ConsumerBuilder <int, string>(consumerConfig).Build())
                {
                    consumer.Assign(new TopicPartitionOffset(topic.Name, 0, 3));
                    var r4 = consumer.Consume(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
                    Assert.Equal(42, r4.Key);
                    Assert.Equal("mellow world", r4.Value);
                    Assert.Equal(3, r4.Offset);
                }

                using (var consumer = new ConsumerBuilder <int, int>(consumerConfig).Build())
                {
                    consumer.Assign(new TopicPartitionOffset(topic.Name, 0, 4));
                    var r5 = consumer.Consume(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
                    Assert.Equal(int.MaxValue, r5.Key);
                    Assert.Equal(int.MinValue, r5.Value);
                    Assert.Equal(4, r5.Offset);
                }

                using (var consumer = new ConsumerBuilder <string, byte[]>(consumerConfig).Build())
                {
                    consumer.Assign(new TopicPartitionOffset(topic.Name, 0, 5));
                    var r6 = consumer.Consume(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
                    Assert.Equal("yellow mould", r6.Key);
                    Assert.Equal(new byte[] { 69 }, r6.Value);
                    Assert.Equal(5, r6.Offset);
                }

                using (var consumer = new ConsumerBuilder <double, double>(consumerConfig).Build())
                {
                    consumer.Assign(new TopicPartitionOffset(topic.Name, 0, 6));
                    var r7 = consumer.Consume(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
                    Assert.Equal(44.0, r7.Key);
                    Assert.Equal(234.4, r7.Value);
                    Assert.Equal(6, r7.Offset);
                }
            }

            Assert.Equal(0, Library.HandleCount);
            LogToFile("end   Producer_Handles");
        }