public static PageTable AddProcess(DetectedProc dp, Mem mem)
{
long Address = 0;
int AddressIndex = 0;
// dump Page table high to low
var va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(long.MaxValue - 0xfff);
var rv = new PageTable
{
Failed = new List<HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY>(),
DP = dp,
mem = mem
};
// TODO: encode VA's for self/recursive physical addr's
if (dp.PageTableType == PTType.Windows)
{
Address = MagicNumbers.Windows_SelfAsVA;
AddressIndex = MagicNumbers.Windows_SelfPtr;
}
// any output is error/warning output
var cnt = rv.FillTable(new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(Address), AddressIndex, dp.CR3Value);
Debug.WriteLine($"extracted {cnt} PTE from process {dp.vmcs.EPTP:X16}:{dp.CR3Value:X16}");
dp.PT = rv;
return rv;
}
long FillTable(VIRTUAL_ADDRESS VA, int PageIndex, long CR3, bool OnlyUserSpace = false)
{
var entries = 0L;
var PageTable = new Dictionary <VIRTUAL_ADDRESS, PFN>();
// We can just pick up the top level page to speed things up
// we've already visited this page so were not going to waste time looking up the VA->PA
//var page = new long[512];
//mem.GetPageFromFileOffset(FileOffset, ref page);
// clear out the VA for the other indexes since were looking at the top level
VA.Address = 0;
foreach (var kvp in DP.TopPageTablePage)
{
// Only extract user portion, kernel will be mostly redundant
if (OnlyUserSpace && kvp.Key >= 256)
{
continue;
}
// were at the top level (4th)
VA.PML4 = kvp.Key;
var pfn = new PFN(kvp.Value, VA.Address, CR3, DP.vmcs == null ? 0 : DP.vmcs.EPTP);
PageTable.Add(VA, pfn);
entries++;
}
// simulated top entry
RootPageTable = new PFN(DP.TopPageTablePage[PageIndex], VA.Address, CR3, DP.vmcs == null ? 0 : DP.vmcs.EPTP)
{
SubTables = PageTable
};
// descend the remaining levels
// if we find nothing, we can be sure the value were using for EPTP or CR3 is bogus
var new_entries = InlineExtract(RootPageTable, 3);
if (new_entries == 0)
{
return(0);
}
entries += new_entries;
// a hint for the full count of entries extracted
RootPageTable.PFNCount = entries;
return(entries);
}
public static PageTable AddProcess(DetectedProc dp, Mem mem, bool OnlyUserSpace = false)
{
long Address = 0;
int AddressIndex = 0;
// dump Page table high to low
var va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(long.MaxValue - 0xfff);
var rv = new PageTable
{
Failed = new List <HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY>(),
DP = dp,
mem = mem
};
// TODO: encode VA's for self/recursive physical addr's
if (dp.PageTableType == PTType.Windows)
{
Address = MagicNumbers.Windows_SelfAsVA;
AddressIndex = MagicNumbers.Windows_SelfPtr;
}
// any output is error/warning output
var cnt = rv.FillTable(new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(Address), AddressIndex, dp.CR3Value, OnlyUserSpace);
if (cnt == 0)
{
if (dp.vmcs != null)
{
WriteLine($"BAD EPTP/DirectoryTable Base {dp.vmcs.EPTP:X16}, try a different candidate or this dump may lack a hypervisor. Attempting PT walk W/O SLAT");
}
else
{
WriteLine($"Decoding failed for {dp.CR3Value:X16}");
}
/*cnt = rv.FillTable(new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(Address), AddressIndex, dp.CR3Value, OnlyUserSpace);
* WriteLine($"Physical walk w/o SLAT yielded {cnt} entries");*/
}
dp.PT = rv;
return(rv);
}
public static PageTable AddProcess(DetectedProc dp, Mem mem, bool OnlyUserSpace = false)
{
long Address = 0;
int AddressIndex = 0;
// dump Page table high to low
var va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(long.MaxValue - 0xfff);
var rv = new PageTable
{
Failed = new List<HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY>(),
DP = dp,
mem = mem
};
// TODO: encode VA's for self/recursive physical addr's
if (dp.PageTableType == PTType.Windows)
{
Address = MagicNumbers.Windows_SelfAsVA;
AddressIndex = MagicNumbers.Windows_SelfPtr;
}
// any output is error/warning output
var cnt = rv.FillTable(new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(Address), AddressIndex, dp.CR3Value, OnlyUserSpace);
if (cnt == 0)
{
if (dp.vmcs != null)
WriteLine($"BAD EPTP/DirectoryTable Base {dp.vmcs.EPTP:X16}, try a different candidate or this dump may lack a hypervisor. Attempting PT walk W/O SLAT");
else
WriteLine($"Decoding failed for {dp.CR3Value:X16}");
/*cnt = rv.FillTable(new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(Address), AddressIndex, dp.CR3Value, OnlyUserSpace);
WriteLine($"Physical walk w/o SLAT yielded {cnt} entries");*/
}
dp.PT = rv;
return rv;
}
// Translates virtual address to physical address by way of CR3->EPTP double dereferencing (up to 24 loads)
public HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY VirtualToPhysical(HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY eptp, HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY aCR3, long Addr)
{
var rv = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MinAddr;
var va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(Addr);
var gVa = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(aCR3.PTE);
var Attempted = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MinAddr;
var ConvertedV2hP = new List <HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY>();
try
{
Attempted = gVa.Address;
//convert Guest CR3 gPA into Host CR3 pPA
var gpaCR3 = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gVa.Address);
//Console.WriteLine($"In V2P2P, using CR3 {aCR3.PTE:X16}, found guest phys CR3 {gpaCR3.PTE:X16}, attempting load of PML4E from {(gpaCR3 | va.PML4):X16}");
// gPML4E - as we go were getting gPA's which need to pPA
Attempted = gpaCR3.NextTableAddress | va.PML4;
var gPML4E = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2hP.Add(gPML4E);
//Console.WriteLine($"guest PML4E = {gPML4E}");
// take CR3 and extract gPhys for VA we want to query
var hPML4E = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gPML4E.NextTableAddress);
if (EPTP.IsValid(hPML4E.PTE) && EPTP.IsValid2(hPML4E.PTE) && HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.IsBadEntry(hPML4E))
{
Attempted = hPML4E.NextTableAddress | (va.DirectoryPointerOffset << 3);
var gPDPTE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2hP.Add(gPDPTE);
var hPDPTE = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gPDPTE.NextTableAddress);
if (EPTP.IsValid(hPDPTE.PTE))
{
if (!EPTP.IsLargePDPTE(hPDPTE.PTE))
{
if (EPTP.IsValid2(hPDPTE.PTE))
{
Attempted = hPDPTE.NextTableAddress | (va.DirectoryOffset << 3);
var gPDE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2hP.Add(gPDE);
var hPDE = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gPDE.NextTableAddress);
if (EPTP.IsValid(hPDE.PTE))
{
if (!EPTP.IsLargePDE(hPDE.PTE))
{
if (EPTP.IsValid2(hPDE.PTE))
{
Attempted = hPDE.NextTableAddress | (va.TableOffset << 3);
var gPTE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2hP.Add(gPTE);
var hPTE = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gPTE.NextTableAddress);
if (EPTP.IsValidEntry(hPTE.PTE))
{
rv = hPTE.NextTableAddress | va.Offset;
}
}
}
else
{
rv = (hPDE.PTE & 0xFFFFFFE00000) | va.TableOffset; //(Addr & 0x1FFFFF);
}
}
}
}
else
{
rv = (hPDPTE.PTE & 0xFFFFC0000000) | va.DirectoryOffset; //(Addr & 0x3FFFFFFF);
}
}
}
}
catch (PageNotFoundException ex)
{
throw new ExtendedPageNotFoundException(
$"V2gP2hP conversion error. EPTP:{eptp}, CR3:{aCR3}, Requesting:{Attempted} Step:{ConvertedV2hP.Count()}. Step of 0 may indicate invalid EPTP.{Environment.NewLine}"
, eptp, aCR3, Attempted, ConvertedV2hP, ex);
}
return(rv);
}
// Translates virtual address to physical address (normal CR3 path)
// Since Valid & Read access overlap each other for EPT and normal PT go through this path for both
public HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY VirtualToPhysical(HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY aCR3, long Addr)
{
var rv = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr;
var va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(Addr);
var ConvertedV2P = new List <HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY>();
var Attempted = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MinAddr;
//Console.WriteLine($"V2P CR3 = {aCR3.PTE:X16} VA = {va}");
// PML4E
try
{
Attempted = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)aCR3.NextTableAddress | (va.PML4 << 3);
var PML4E = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
//Console.WriteLine($"PML4E = {PML4E.PTE:X16}");
ConvertedV2P.Add(PML4E);
if (PML4E.Valid)
{
Attempted = PML4E.NextTableAddress | (va.DirectoryPointerOffset << 3);
var PDPTE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2P.Add(PDPTE);
//Console.WriteLine($"PDPTE = {PDPTE.PTE:X16}");
if (PDPTE.Valid)
{
if (!PDPTE.LargePage)
{
Attempted = PDPTE.NextTableAddress | (va.DirectoryOffset << 3);
var PDE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2P.Add(PDE);
//Console.WriteLine($"PDE = {PDE.PTE:X16}");
if (PDE.Valid)
{
if (!PDE.LargePage)
{
Attempted = PDE.NextTableAddress | (va.TableOffset << 3);
var PTE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2P.Add(PTE);
//Console.WriteLine($"PTE = {PTE.PTE:X16}");
//rv = PTE;
// page is normal 4kb
if (PTE.Valid)
{
rv = PTE.PTE | (PTE.NextTableAddress | va.Offset);
}
else
{
rv.Valid = false;
}
}
else
{ // we have a 2MB page
rv = PDE.PTE | ((PDE.PTE & 0xFFFFFFE00000) | va.TableOffset << 12);
}
}
else
{
rv.Valid = false;
}
}
else
{ // we have a 1GB page
rv = PDPTE.PTE | ((PDPTE.PTE & 0xFFFFC0000000) | va.DirectoryOffset << 12 << 9);
//rv = PDPTE;
}
}
else
{
rv.Valid = false;
}
}
else
{
rv.Valid = false;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
rv.Valid = false;
}
finally
{
//foreach(var paddr in ConvertedV2P)
//{
//}
}
//Console.WriteLine($"return from V2P {rv:X16}");
// serialize the dictionary out
return(rv);
}
/// <summary>
/// An Inline extraction for the page table hierarchy.
/// Why not let the compiler do it? I have code clones here?
///
/// I guess so, but we can see/deal with the subtle differences at each level here as we implement them.
/// e.g. some levels have LargePage bits and we may also lay over other CPU modes here like 32 in 64 etc..
/// </summary>
/// <param name="top"></param>
/// <param name="Level"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
long InlineExtract(PFN top, int Level)
{
if (Level == 0)
{
return(0);
}
var entries = 0L;
var VA = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(top.VA);
//WriteLine($"4: Scanning {top.PageTable:X16}");
var hPA = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MinAddr;
var SLAT = top.SLAT;
var CR3 = top.PageTable;
// pull level 4 entries attach level 3
foreach (var top_sub in top.SubTables)
{
// scan each page for the level 4 entry
var PTE = top_sub.Value.PTE;
// we don't need to | in the PML4 AO (address offset) since were pulling down the whole page not just the one value
// and were going to brute force our way through the entire table so this was just confusing things.
var l3HW_Addr = PTE.NextTableAddress; // | top_sub.Key.PML4;
// if we have an EPTP use it and request resolution of the HW_Addr
if (SLAT != 0)
{
var hl3HW_Addr = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr;
try { hl3HW_Addr = mem.VirtualToPhysical(SLAT, l3HW_Addr); } catch (Exception) { if (Vtero.DiagOutput)
{
WriteLine($"level3: Failed lookup {l3HW_Addr:X16}");
}
}
l3HW_Addr = hl3HW_Addr;
}
if (SLAT != 0 && (l3HW_Addr == long.MaxValue || l3HW_Addr == long.MaxValue - 1))
{
continue;
}
// copy VA since were going to be making changes
var s3va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(top_sub.Key.Address);
//WriteLine($"3: Scanning {s3va.Address:X16}");
top_sub.Value.hostPTE = l3HW_Addr; // cache translated value
var lvl3_page = new long[512];
// extract the l3 page for each PTEEntry we had in l4
try { mem.GetPageForPhysAddr(l3HW_Addr, ref lvl3_page); } catch (Exception) { if (Vtero.DiagOutput)
{
WriteLine($"level3: Failed lookup {l3HW_Addr:X16}");
}
}
if (lvl3_page == null)
{
continue;
}
for (uint i3 = 0; i3 < 512; i3++)
{
if (lvl3_page[i3] == 0)
{
continue;
}
var l3PTE = new HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY(lvl3_page[i3]);
// adjust VA to match extracted page entries
s3va.DirectoryPointerOffset = i3;
// save 'PFN' entry into sub-table I should really revisit all these names
var l3PFN = new PFN(l3PTE, s3va.Address, CR3, SLAT);
top_sub.Value.SubTables.Add(s3va, l3PFN);
entries++;
/// TODO: Double check if this is a real bit...
/// I added it to help weed out some failure cases
if (!l3PTE.LargePage)
{
// get the page that the current l3PFN describes
var l2HW_Addr = l3PTE.NextTableAddress;
if (SLAT != 0)
{
var hl2HW_Addr = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr;
try { hl2HW_Addr = mem.VirtualToPhysical(SLAT, l2HW_Addr); } catch (Exception ex) { if (Vtero.DiagOutput)
{
WriteLine($"level2: Unable to V2P {l3PTE}");
}
}
l2HW_Addr = hl2HW_Addr;
}
// TODO: more error handling of exceptions & bad returns
// TODO: support software PTE types
if (l2HW_Addr == HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr)
{
continue;
}
l3PFN.hostPTE = l2HW_Addr;
var lvl2_page = new long[512];
try { mem.GetPageForPhysAddr(l2HW_Addr, ref lvl2_page); } catch (Exception ex) { if (Vtero.DiagOutput)
{
WriteLine($"level2: Failed lookup {l2HW_Addr:X16}");
}
}
if (lvl2_page == null)
{
continue;
}
// copy VA
var s2va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(s3va.Address);
//WriteLine($"2: Scanning {s2va.Address:X16}");
// extract PTE's for each set entry
for (uint i2 = 0; i2 < 512; i2++)
{
if (lvl2_page[i2] == 0)
{
continue;
}
var l2PTE = new HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY(lvl2_page[i2]);
s2va.DirectoryOffset = i2;
var l2PFN = new PFN(l2PTE, s2va.Address, CR3, SLAT)
{
Type = PFNType.Data
};
l3PFN.SubTables.Add(s2va, l2PFN);
entries++;
if (!l2PTE.LargePage)
{
var l1HW_Addr = l2PTE.NextTableAddress;
if (SLAT != 0)
{
var hl1HW_Addr = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr;
try { hl1HW_Addr = mem.VirtualToPhysical(SLAT, l1HW_Addr); } catch (Exception ex) { if (Vtero.DiagOutput)
{
WriteLine($"level1: Unable to V2P {l2PTE}");
}
}
l1HW_Addr = hl1HW_Addr;
}
if (l1HW_Addr == HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr)
{
continue;
}
l2PFN.hostPTE = l1HW_Addr;
var lvl1_page = new long[512];
try { mem.GetPageForPhysAddr(l1HW_Addr, ref lvl1_page); } catch (Exception ex) { if (Vtero.DiagOutput)
{
WriteLine($"level1: Failed lookup {l1HW_Addr:X16}");
}
}
if (lvl1_page == null)
{
continue;
}
var s1va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(s2va.Address);
//WriteLine($"1: Scanning {s1va.Address:X16}");
for (uint i1 = 0; i1 < 512; i1++)
{
if (lvl1_page[i1] == 0)
{
continue;
}
var l1PTE = new HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY(lvl1_page[i1]);
s1va.TableOffset = i1;
var l1PFN = new PFN(l1PTE, s1va.Address, CR3, SLAT)
{
Type = PFNType.Data
};
l2PFN.SubTables.Add(s1va, l1PFN);
entries++;
}
}
}
}
}
}
//top.PFNCount += entries;
return(entries);
}
long FillTable(VIRTUAL_ADDRESS VA, int PageIndex, long CR3, bool OnlyUserSpace = false)
{
var entries = 0L;
var PageTable = new Dictionary<VIRTUAL_ADDRESS, PFN>();
// We can just pick up the top level page to speed things up
// we've already visited this page so were not going to waste time looking up the VA->PA
//var page = new long[512];
//mem.GetPageFromFileOffset(FileOffset, ref page);
// clear out the VA for the other indexes since were looking at the top level
VA.Address = 0;
foreach (var kvp in DP.TopPageTablePage)
{
// Only extract user portion, kernel will be mostly redundant
if(OnlyUserSpace && kvp.Key >= 256)
continue;
// were at the top level (4th)
VA.PML4 = kvp.Key;
var pfn = new PFN(kvp.Value, VA.Address, CR3, DP.vmcs == null ? 0 : DP.vmcs.EPTP);
PageTable.Add(VA, pfn);
entries++;
}
// simulated top entry
RootPageTable = new PFN(DP.TopPageTablePage[PageIndex], VA.Address, CR3, DP.vmcs == null ? 0 : DP.vmcs.EPTP)
{
SubTables = PageTable
};
// descend the remaining levels
// if we find nothing, we can be sure the value were using for EPTP or CR3 is bogus
var new_entries = InlineExtract(RootPageTable, 3);
if (new_entries == 0)
return 0;
entries += new_entries;
// a hint for the full count of entries extracted
RootPageTable.PFNCount = entries;
return entries;
}
/// <summary>
/// An Inline extraction for the page table hierarchy.
/// Why not let the compiler do it? I have code clones here?
///
/// I guess so, but we can see/deal with the subtle differences at each level here as we implement them.
/// e.g. some levels have LargePage bits and we may also lay over other CPU modes here like 32 in 64 etc..
/// </summary>
/// <param name="top"></param>
/// <param name="Level"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
long InlineExtract(PFN top, int Level)
{
if (Level == 0)
return 0;
var entries = 0L;
var VA = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(top.VA);
//WriteLine($"4: Scanning {top.PageTable:X16}");
var hPA = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MinAddr;
var SLAT = top.SLAT;
var CR3 = top.PageTable;
// pull level 4 entries attach level 3
foreach (var top_sub in top.SubTables)
{
// scan each page for the level 4 entry
var PTE = top_sub.Value.PTE;
// we don't need to | in the PML4 AO (address offset) since were pulling down the whole page not just the one value
// and were going to brute force our way through the entire table so this was just confusing things.
var l3HW_Addr = PTE.NextTableAddress ;// | top_sub.Key.PML4;
// if we have an EPTP use it and request resolution of the HW_Addr
if (SLAT != 0)
{
var hl3HW_Addr = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr;
try { hl3HW_Addr = mem.VirtualToPhysical(SLAT, l3HW_Addr); } catch (Exception) { if (Vtero.DiagOutput) WriteLine($"level3: Failed lookup {l3HW_Addr:X16}"); }
l3HW_Addr = hl3HW_Addr;
}
if (SLAT != 0 && (l3HW_Addr == long.MaxValue || l3HW_Addr == long.MaxValue-1))
continue;
// copy VA since were going to be making changes
var s3va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(top_sub.Key.Address);
//WriteLine($"3: Scanning {s3va.Address:X16}");
top_sub.Value.hostPTE = l3HW_Addr; // cache translated value
var lvl3_page = new long[512];
// extract the l3 page for each PTEEntry we had in l4
try { mem.GetPageForPhysAddr(l3HW_Addr, ref lvl3_page); } catch (Exception) { if (Vtero.DiagOutput) WriteLine($"level3: Failed lookup {l3HW_Addr:X16}"); }
if (lvl3_page == null)
continue;
for (uint i3 = 0; i3 < 512; i3++)
{
if (lvl3_page[i3] == 0)
continue;
var l3PTE = new HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY(lvl3_page[i3]);
// adjust VA to match extracted page entries
s3va.DirectoryPointerOffset = i3;
// save 'PFN' entry into sub-table I should really revisit all these names
var l3PFN = new PFN(l3PTE, s3va.Address, CR3, SLAT);
top_sub.Value.SubTables.Add(s3va, l3PFN);
entries++;
/// TODO: Double check if this is a real bit...
/// I added it to help weed out some failure cases
if (!l3PTE.LargePage)
{
// get the page that the current l3PFN describes
var l2HW_Addr = l3PTE.NextTableAddress;
if (SLAT != 0)
{
var hl2HW_Addr = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr;
try { hl2HW_Addr = mem.VirtualToPhysical(SLAT, l2HW_Addr); } catch (Exception ex) { if (Vtero.DiagOutput) WriteLine($"level2: Unable to V2P {l3PTE}"); }
l2HW_Addr = hl2HW_Addr;
}
// TODO: more error handling of exceptions & bad returns
// TODO: support software PTE types
if (l2HW_Addr == HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr)
continue;
l3PFN.hostPTE = l2HW_Addr;
var lvl2_page = new long[512];
try { mem.GetPageForPhysAddr(l2HW_Addr, ref lvl2_page); } catch (Exception ex) { if (Vtero.DiagOutput) WriteLine($"level2: Failed lookup {l2HW_Addr:X16}"); }
if (lvl2_page == null)
continue;
// copy VA
var s2va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(s3va.Address);
//WriteLine($"2: Scanning {s2va.Address:X16}");
// extract PTE's for each set entry
for (uint i2 = 0; i2 < 512; i2++)
{
if (lvl2_page[i2] == 0)
continue;
var l2PTE = new HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY(lvl2_page[i2]);
s2va.DirectoryOffset = i2;
var l2PFN = new PFN(l2PTE, s2va.Address, CR3, SLAT) { Type = PFNType.Data };
l3PFN.SubTables.Add(s2va, l2PFN);
entries++;
if (!l2PTE.LargePage)
{
var l1HW_Addr = l2PTE.NextTableAddress;
if (SLAT != 0)
{
var hl1HW_Addr = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr;
try { hl1HW_Addr = mem.VirtualToPhysical(SLAT, l1HW_Addr); } catch (Exception ex) { if (Vtero.DiagOutput) WriteLine($"level1: Unable to V2P {l2PTE}"); }
l1HW_Addr = hl1HW_Addr;
}
if (l1HW_Addr == HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr)
continue;
l2PFN.hostPTE = l1HW_Addr;
var lvl1_page = new long[512];
try { mem.GetPageForPhysAddr(l1HW_Addr, ref lvl1_page); } catch (Exception ex) { if(Vtero.DiagOutput) WriteLine($"level1: Failed lookup {l1HW_Addr:X16}"); }
if (lvl1_page == null)
continue;
var s1va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(s2va.Address);
//WriteLine($"1: Scanning {s1va.Address:X16}");
for (uint i1 = 0; i1 < 512; i1++)
{
if (lvl1_page[i1] == 0)
continue;
var l1PTE = new HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY(lvl1_page[i1]);
s1va.TableOffset = i1;
var l1PFN = new PFN(l1PTE, s1va.Address, CR3, SLAT) { Type = PFNType.Data };
l2PFN.SubTables.Add(s1va, l1PFN);
entries++;
}
}
}
}
}
}
//top.PFNCount += entries;
return entries;
}
public IEnumerable <PFN> ExtractNextLevel(PFN PageContext, int Level = 4, bool RedundantKernelSpaces = false)
{
if (PageContext == null)
{
yield break;
}
var SLAT = Root.SLAT;
var CR3 = Root.CR3;
var top = Root.Entries;
VIRTUAL_ADDRESS SubVA = PageContext.VA;
HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY PA = PageContext.PTE;
// get the page that the current PFN describes
var HW_Addr = PA.NextTableAddress;
if (SLAT != 0)
{
var hHW_Addr = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr;
try { hHW_Addr = mem.VirtualToPhysical(SLAT, HW_Addr); } catch (Exception ex) { if (Vtero.DiagOutput)
{
WriteLine($"level{Level}: Unable to V2P {HW_Addr}");
}
}
HW_Addr = hHW_Addr;
if (HW_Addr == long.MaxValue || HW_Addr == long.MaxValue - 1)
{
yield break;
}
}
if (PageContext.PTE.LargePage && Level <= 1)
{
// cyclic
if (MemorizeTables)
{
PageContext.SubTables.Add(PageContext.VA, PageContext);
}
yield break;
}
long[] page = new long[512];
bool ReadData = false;
// copy VA since were going to be making changes
var valueRead = mem.GetPageForPhysAddr(HW_Addr, ref page, ref ReadData);
if (!ReadData || page == null)
{
yield break;
}
// if every entry is exactially the same bail out
var check1 = page[0];
if (Array.TrueForAll <long>(page, (entry) => entry == check1))
{
yield break;
}
var dupVA = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(SubVA.Address);
for (int i = 0; i < 512; i++)
{
// kernel indexes are only relevant on the top level
if (Level == 4 && (!RedundantKernelSpaces && i >= MagicNumbers.KERNEL_PT_INDEX_START_USUALLY))
{
continue;
}
if (page[i] == 0)
{
continue;
}
switch (Level)
{
case 4:
dupVA.PML4 = i;
break;
case 3:
dupVA.DirectoryPointerOffset = i;
break;
case 2:
dupVA.DirectoryOffset = i;
break;
case 1:
dupVA.TableOffset = i;
break;
default:
break;
}
var pfn = new PFN
{
VA = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(dupVA.Address),
PTE = new HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY(page[i])
};
if (MemorizeTables)
{
PageContext.SubTables.Add(
pfn.VA,
pfn);
}
EntriesParsed++;
yield return(pfn);
}
yield break;
}
long InlineExtract(PFN top, int Level)
{
if (Level == 0)
return 0;
var entries = 0L;
var VA = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(top.VA);
var hPA = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MinAddr;
var CR3 = top.PageTable;
var SLAT = top.SLAT;
// pull level 4 entries attach level 3
foreach (var top_sub in top.SubTables)
{
// scan each page for the level 4 entry
var PTE = top_sub.Value.PTE;
var l3HW_Addr = PTE.NextTableAddress | top_sub.Key.PML4;
// if we have an EPTP use it and request resolution of the HW_Addr
if (SLAT != 0)
{
var hl3HW_Addr = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr;
hl3HW_Addr = mem.VirtualToPhysical(SLAT, l3HW_Addr);
l3HW_Addr = hl3HW_Addr;
}
if (l3HW_Addr == long.MaxValue)
continue;
// copy VA since were going to be making changes
var s3va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(top_sub.Key.Address);
top_sub.Value.hostPTE = l3HW_Addr; // cache translated value
var lvl3_page = new long[512];
// extract the l3 page for each PTEEntry we had in l4
try { mem.GetPageForPhysAddr(l3HW_Addr, ref lvl3_page); } catch (Exception) { WriteLine($"level3: Failed lookup {l3HW_Addr:X16}"); }
if (lvl3_page == null)
continue;
for (uint i3 = 0; i3 < 512; i3++)
{
if (lvl3_page[i3] == 0)
continue;
var l3PTE = new HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY(lvl3_page[i3]);
// adjust VA to match extracted page entries
s3va.DirectoryPointerOffset = i3;
// save 'PFN' entry into sub-table I should really revisit all these names
var l3PFN = new PFN(l3PTE, s3va.Address, CR3, SLAT);
top_sub.Value.SubTables.Add(s3va, l3PFN);
entries++;
// get the page that the current l3PFN describes
var l2HW_Addr = l3PTE.NextTableAddress;
if (SLAT != 0)
{
var hl2HW_Addr = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr;
try { hl2HW_Addr = mem.VirtualToPhysical(SLAT, l2HW_Addr); } catch(Exception ex) { WriteLine($"level2: Unable to V2P {l3PTE}"); }
l2HW_Addr = hl2HW_Addr;
}
// TODO: more error handlng of exceptions & bad return's
// TODO: support software PTE types
if (l2HW_Addr == HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr)
continue;
l3PFN.hostPTE = l2HW_Addr;
var lvl2_page = new long[512];
try { mem.GetPageForPhysAddr(l2HW_Addr, ref lvl2_page); } catch (Exception ex) { WriteLine($"level2: Failed lookup {l2HW_Addr:X16}"); }
if (lvl2_page == null)
continue;
// copy VA
var s2va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(s3va.Address);
// extract PTE's for each set entry
for (uint i2 = 0; i2 < 512; i2++)
{
if (lvl2_page[i2] == 0)
continue;
var l2PTE = new HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY(lvl2_page[i2]);
s2va.DirectoryOffset = i2;
var l2PFN = new PFN(l2PTE, s2va.Address, CR3, SLAT);
l3PFN.SubTables.Add(s2va, l2PFN);
entries++;
if (!l2PTE.LargePage)
{
var l1HW_Addr = l2PTE.NextTableAddress;
if (SLAT != 0)
{
var hl1HW_Addr = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr;
try { hl1HW_Addr = mem.VirtualToPhysical(SLAT, l1HW_Addr); } catch (Exception ex) { WriteLine($"level1: Unable to V2P {l2PTE}"); }
l1HW_Addr = hl1HW_Addr;
}
if (l1HW_Addr == HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr)
continue;
l2PFN.hostPTE = l1HW_Addr;
var lvl1_page = new long[512];
try { mem.GetPageForPhysAddr(l1HW_Addr, ref lvl1_page); } catch (Exception ex) { WriteLine($"level1: Failed lookup {l1HW_Addr:X16}"); }
if (lvl1_page == null)
continue;
var s1va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(s2va.Address);
for (uint i1 = 0; i1 < 512; i1++)
{
if (lvl1_page[i1] == 0)
continue;
var l1PTE = new HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY(lvl1_page[i1]);
s1va.TableOffset = i1;
var l1PFN = new PFN(l1PTE, s1va.Address, CR3, SLAT);
l2PFN.SubTables.Add(s1va, l1PFN);
entries++;
}
}
}
}
}
top.PFNCount += entries;
return entries;
}
// Translates virtual address to physical address by way of CR3->EPTP double dereferencing (up to 24 loads)
public HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY VirtualToPhysical(HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY eptp, HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY aCR3, long Addr)
{
var rv = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MinAddr;
var va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(Addr);
var gVa = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(aCR3.PTE);
var Attempted = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MinAddr;
var ConvertedV2hP = new List<HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY>();
try
{
Attempted = gVa.Address;
//convert Guest CR3 gPA into Host CR3 pPA
var gpaCR3 = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gVa.Address);
// Validate page table. Possibly adjust for run gaps
//var GapSize = ValidateAndGetGap(gpaCR3, aCR3);
// let's just ignore failures for now
//if (GapSize == long.MaxValue)
//Debug.Print("Table verification error. YMMV.");
long GapSize = 0;
//}
//Console.WriteLine($"In V2P2P, using CR3 {aCR3.PTE:X16}, found guest phys CR3 {gpaCR3.PTE:X16}, attemptng load of PML4E from {(gpaCR3 | va.PML4):X16}");
// gPML4E - as we go were getting gPA's which need to pPA
Attempted = (gpaCR3.NextTableAddress - GapSize) | (va.PML4 << 3);
var gPML4E = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY) GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2hP.Add(gPML4E);
//Console.WriteLine($"guest PML4E = {gPML4E}");
// take CR3 and extract gPhys for VA we want to query
var hPML4E = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gPML4E.NextTableAddress);
if (EPTP.IsValid(hPML4E.PTE) && EPTP.IsValid2(hPML4E.PTE))
{
Attempted = (hPML4E.NextTableAddress - GapSize) | (va.DirectoryPointerOffset << 3);
var gPDPTE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY) GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2hP.Add(gPDPTE);
var hPDPTE = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gPDPTE.NextTableAddress);
if (EPTP.IsValid(hPDPTE.PTE))
{
if(!EPTP.IsLargePDPTE(hPDPTE.PTE))
{
if (EPTP.IsValid2(hPDPTE.PTE))
{
Attempted = (hPDPTE.NextTableAddress - GapSize) | (va.DirectoryOffset << 3);
var gPDE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY) GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2hP.Add(gPDE);
var hPDE = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gPDE.NextTableAddress);
if (EPTP.IsValid(hPDE.PTE))
{
if (!EPTP.IsLargePDE(hPDE.PTE))
{
if (EPTP.IsValid2(hPDE.PTE))
{
Attempted = (hPDE.NextTableAddress - GapSize) | (va.TableOffset << 3);
var gPTE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2hP.Add(gPTE);
var hPTE = VirtualToPhysical(eptp, gPTE.NextTableAddress);
if (EPTP.IsValidEntry(hPTE.PTE))
rv = (hPTE.NextTableAddress - GapSize) | va.Offset;
}
}
else
rv = (hPDE.PTE & 0xFFFFFFE00000) | (Addr & 0x1FFFFF);
}
}
}
else
rv = (hPDPTE.PTE & 0xFFFFC0000000) | (Addr & 0x3FFFFFFF);
}
}
}
catch(PageNotFoundException ex)
{
throw new ExtendedPageNotFoundException(
$"V2gP2hP conversion error. EPTP:{eptp}, CR3:{aCR3}, Requesting:{Attempted} Step:{ConvertedV2hP.Count()}. Step of 0 may indicate invalid EPTP.{Environment.NewLine}"
, eptp, aCR3, Attempted, ConvertedV2hP, ex);
}
return rv;
}
// Translates virtual address to physical address (normal CR3 path)
// Since Valid & Read access overlap each other for EPT and normal PT go through this path for both
public HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY VirtualToPhysical(HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY aCR3, long Addr)
{
var rv = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr;
var va = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(Addr);
var ConvertedV2P = new List<HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY>();
var Attempted = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MinAddr;
//Console.WriteLine($"V2P CR3 = {aCR3.PTE:X16} VA = {va}");
// PML4E
try
{
Attempted = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY) aCR3.NextTableAddress | (va.PML4 << 3);
var PML4E = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY) GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
//Console.WriteLine($"PML4E = {PML4E.PTE:X16}");
ConvertedV2P.Add(PML4E);
if (PML4E.Valid)
{
Attempted = PML4E.NextTableAddress | (va.DirectoryPointerOffset << 3);
var PDPTE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY) GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2P.Add(PDPTE);
//Console.WriteLine($"PDPTE = {PDPTE.PTE:X16}");
if (PDPTE.Valid)
{
if (!PDPTE.LargePage)
{
Attempted = PDPTE.NextTableAddress | (va.DirectoryOffset << 3);
var PDE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2P.Add(PDE);
//Console.WriteLine($"PDE = {PDE.PTE:X16}");
if (PDE.Valid)
{
if (!PDE.LargePage)
{
Attempted = PDE.NextTableAddress | (va.TableOffset << 3);
var PTE = (HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY)GetValueAtPhysicalAddr(Attempted);
ConvertedV2P.Add(PTE);
//Console.WriteLine($"PTE = {PTE.PTE:X16}");
// page is normal 4kb
if (PTE.Valid)
rv = PTE.NextTableAddress | va.Offset;
else
rv.Valid = false;
}
else
{ // we have a 2MB page
rv = (PDE.PTE & 0xFFFFFFE00000) | (Addr & 0x1FFFFF);
}
}
else
rv.Valid = false;
}
else
{ // we have a 1GB page
rv = (PDPTE.PTE & 0xFFFFC0000000) | (Addr & 0x3FFFFFFF);
}
}
else
rv.Valid = false;
}
else
rv.Valid = false;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new PageNotFoundException("V2P conversion error page not found", Attempted, ConvertedV2P, ex);
}
finally
{
foreach(var paddr in ConvertedV2P)
{
}
}
//Console.WriteLine($"return from V2P {rv:X16}");
// serialize the dictionary out
return rv;
}
public byte[] HashRange(VIRTUAL_ADDRESS KEY, PFN VALUE)
{
var rv = new byte[1];
var block = new long[0x200]; // 0x200 * 8 = 4k
var bpage = new byte[0x1000];
var tigger = new Tiger();
tigger.Initialize();
//fixed (void* lp = block, bp = bpage)
//{
if (DiagOutput)
WriteColor(VALUE.PTE.Valid ? ConsoleColor.Cyan : ConsoleColor.Red, $"VA: {KEY:X12} \t PFN: {VALUE.PTE}");
// if we have invalid (software managed) page table entries
// the data may be present, or a prototype or actually in swap.
// for the moment were only going to dump hardware managed data
// or feel free to patch this up ;)
if (!VALUE.PTE.Valid)
return rv;
if (VALUE.PTE.LargePage)
{
bool GoodRead = false;
// 0x200 * 4kb = 2MB
for (int i = 0; i < 0x200; i++)
{
MemAccess.GetPageForPhysAddr(VALUE.PTE, ref block, ref GoodRead);
VALUE.PTE.PTE += 0x1000;
if (!GoodRead)
block = new long[0x200];
Buffer.BlockCopy(block, 0, bpage, 0, 4096);
rv = tigger.ComputeHash(bpage);
}
return rv;
}
else
{
try { MemAccess.GetPageForPhysAddr(VALUE.PTE, ref block); } catch (Exception ex) { }
if (block != null)
{
Buffer.BlockCopy(block, 0, bpage, 0, 4096);
rv = tigger.ComputeHash(bpage);
}
}
return rv;
}
// TODO: Figure out if MemoryCopy or BlockCopy ...
public string WriteRange(VIRTUAL_ADDRESS KEY, PFN VALUE, string BaseFileName, Mem PhysMemReader = null, bool SinglePFNStore = false, bool DumpNULL = false)
{
if (SinglePFNStore && SISmap == null)
SISmap = new WAHBitArray();
if(SinglePFNStore)
{
if (SISmap.Get((int)VALUE.PTE.PFN))
return string.Empty;
SISmap.Set((int)VALUE.PTE.PFN, true);
}
bool canAppend = false;
var saveLoc = BaseFileName + KEY.Address.ToString("X") + ".bin";
var lastLoc = BaseFileName + (KEY.Address - ContigSize).ToString("X") + ".bin";
if (File.Exists(lastLoc))
{
canAppend = true;
ContigSize += 0x1000;
saveLoc = lastLoc;
}
else
ContigSize = 0x1000;
//unsafe
//{
var block = new long[0x200]; // 0x200 * 8 = 4k
var bpage = new byte[0x1000];
//fixed (void* lp = block, bp = bpage)
//{
if (DiagOutput)
WriteColor(VALUE.PTE.Valid ? ConsoleColor.Cyan : ConsoleColor.Red, $"VA: {KEY:X12} \t PFN: {VALUE.PTE}");
// if we have invalid (software managed) page table entries
// the data may be present, or a prototype or actually in swap.
// for the moment were only going to dump hardware managed data
// or feel free to patch this up ;)
if (!VALUE.PTE.Valid)
return string.Empty;
if (VALUE.PTE.LargePage)
{
bool GoodRead = false;
using (var lsavefile = File.OpenWrite(saveLoc))
{
// 0x200 * 4kb = 2MB
// TODO: Large pages properly?
// TODO: PageCache is still broken in some cases... disable for now here
for (int i = 0; i < 0x200; i++)
{
PhysMemReader.GetPageForPhysAddr(VALUE.PTE, ref block, ref GoodRead);
VALUE.PTE.PTE += 0x1000;
if(!GoodRead)
block = new long[0x200];
Buffer.BlockCopy(block, 0, bpage, 0, 4096);
//Buffer.MemoryCopy(lp, bp, 4096, 4096);
lsavefile.Write(bpage, 0, 4096);
//lsavefile.Write(bpage, 0, 4096);
}
return lastLoc;
}
}
else
{
try { PhysMemReader.GetPageForPhysAddr(VALUE.PTE, ref block); } catch (Exception ex) { }
if (block != null)
{
if (DumpNULL || !UnsafeHelp.IsZero(block))
{
Buffer.BlockCopy(block, 0, bpage, 0, 4096);
//Buffer.MemoryCopy(lp, bp, 4096, 4096);
using (var savefile = (canAppend ? File.Open(lastLoc, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.ReadWrite) : File.OpenWrite(saveLoc)))
savefile.Write(bpage, 0, 4096);
//savefile.Write(bpage, 0, 4096);
return lastLoc;
}
}
}
ContigSize = 0;
return string.Empty;
//}
//}
}
public IEnumerable<PFN> ExtractNextLevel(PFN PageContext, bool RedundantKernelSpaces, int Level = 4)
{
if (PageContext == null) yield break;
RedundantKernelSpaces = true;
var SLAT = Root.SLAT;
var CR3 = Root.CR3;
var top = Root.Entries;
VIRTUAL_ADDRESS SubVA = PageContext.VA;
HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY PA = PageContext.PTE;
// get the page that the current PFN describes
var HW_Addr = PA.NextTableAddress;
if (SLAT != 0)
{
var hHW_Addr = HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY.MaxAddr;
try { hHW_Addr = mem.VirtualToPhysical(SLAT, HW_Addr); } catch (Exception ex) { if (Vtero.DiagOutput) WriteLine($"level{Level}: Unable to V2P {HW_Addr}"); }
HW_Addr = hHW_Addr;
if (HW_Addr == long.MaxValue || HW_Addr == long.MaxValue - 1)
yield break;
}
if (PageContext.PTE.LargePage && Level <= 1)
{
// cyclic
PageContext.SubTables.Add(PageContext.VA, PageContext);
yield break;
}
long[] page = new long[512];
bool ReadData = false;
// copy VA since were going to be making changes
var valueRead = mem.GetPageForPhysAddr(HW_Addr, ref page, ref ReadData);
if (!ReadData || page == null)
yield break;
var dupVA = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(SubVA.Address);
for (int i = 0; i < 512; i++)
{
if (!RedundantKernelSpaces && i >= MagicNumbers.KERNEL_PT_INDEX_START_USUALLY)
continue;
if (page[i] == 0)
continue;
switch (Level)
{
case 4:
dupVA.PML4 = i;
break;
case 3:
dupVA.DirectoryPointerOffset = i;
break;
case 2:
dupVA.DirectoryOffset = i;
break;
case 1:
dupVA.TableOffset = i;
break;
default:
break;
}
var pfn = new PFN
{
VA = new VIRTUAL_ADDRESS(dupVA.Address),
PTE = new HARDWARE_ADDRESS_ENTRY(page[i])
};
PageContext.SubTables.Add(
pfn.VA,
pfn);
EntriesParsed++;
yield return pfn;
}
yield break;
}
