public static ExprGraph Stack(ExprGraph graph)
{
var result = new ExprGraph();
var srcToDerMap = new Dictionary <Expr, Expr>();
var srcSplitMap = new Dictionary <Expr, Expr>();
var stateMap = new Dictionary <Expr, Expr>();
var stack = new Stack <StackedEdge>();
int stateCnt = 0;
void StackEdges(Expr source, Expr derTarget)
{
foreach (var edge in graph.OutEdges(source))
{
stack.Push(new StackedEdge(derTarget, edge));
}
}
(Expr derivative, Expr target, bool stackEdges) ProcessSourceVertex(Expr source, Edge <Expr> srcEdge)
{
Expr split = null;
Expr der = null;
bool stackEdges = false;
if (!srcToDerMap.TryGetValue(source, out der) || source.IsMul)
{
stackEdges = true;
der = GetDerivative(source);
if (der != null)
{
result.AddVertex(der);
}
var srcOut = graph.OutEdges(source).ToArray();
if (srcOut.Length > 1)
{
split = ProcessSourceSplit(source);
if (der != null)
{
result.AddEdge(new Edge <Expr>(split, der));
}
else
{
der = split;
}
}
if (!source.IsMul && (split != null || der != null))
{
srcToDerMap[source] = split ?? der;
}
}
if (source.IsMul)
{
ProcessSourceMul(srcEdge, der);
}
return(der, split ?? der, stackEdges);
}
Expr ProcessSourceSplit(Expr source)
{
if (!srcSplitMap.TryGetValue(source, out var splitSum))
{
splitSum = new Expr(null, ExprType.Add);
srcSplitMap[source] = splitSum;
result.AddVertex(splitSum);
}
return(splitSum);
}
void ProcessSourceMul(Edge <Expr> srcEdge, Expr der)
{
var source = srcEdge.Target;
if (srcEdge == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Source multiplication edge is null!");
}
var inEdges = graph.InEdges(source).ToArray();
if (inEdges.Length != 2)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Source multiplication has more than 2 in edges!");
}
var adj = inEdges.Select(x => x.Source).FirstOrDefault(x => x != srcEdge.Source);
if (adj == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Couldn't get adjacent multilication argument!");
}
if (!stateMap.TryGetValue(adj, out var state))
{
state = new Expr(adj.Name ?? $"State {stateCnt++}", ExprType.State);
stateMap[adj] = state;
result.AddVertex(state);
}
result.AddEdge(new Edge <Expr>(state, der));
}
var roots = graph.Roots().ToArray();
foreach (var root in roots)
{
StackEdges(root, ProcessSourceVertex(root, null).target);
}
while (stack.Count > 0)
{
var edge = stack.Pop();
var der = ProcessSourceVertex(edge.Edge.Target, edge.Edge);
if (der.derivative != null)
{
result.AddEdge(new Edge <Expr>(der.derivative, edge.DerTarget));
}
if (der.stackEdges)
{
StackEdges(edge.Edge.Target, der.target ?? edge.DerTarget);
}
}
return(result);
}
public static ExprGraph Analyze(ExprGraph graph)
{
var result = new ExprGraph();
var srcToDer = new Dictionary <Expr, Expr>();
var stateCopies = new Dictionary <Expr, Expr>();
var sinks = graph.Sinks().ToArray();
if (sinks.Length > 0 && sinks.SelectMany(x => graph.InEdges(x).Select(e => e.Source)).Distinct().Count() > 1)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException();
}
var queue = new Queue <Expr>();
foreach (var sink in sinks)
{
queue.Enqueue(sink);
}
int stateCnt = 0;
while (queue.Count > 0)
{
var src = queue.Dequeue();
// Enqueue all nodes that point to current in the source graph
foreach (var inVert in graph.InEdges(src).Select(x => x.Source))
{
queue.Enqueue(inVert);
}
var der = GetDerivative(src);
if (der != null)
{
srcToDer[src] = der;
}
Expr derEdgeSource = null;
// Get all the edges that come out of current node in the source
var srcOut = graph.OutEdges(src).ToArray();
if (srcOut.Length == 0) // Source is a leaf
{
// Source graph must terminate with State or Output
if (der == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Source graph has Add node as a leaf!");
}
// Just add the vertex and map src to derivative
result.AddVertex(der);
}
else if (srcOut.Length == 1) // Source node has 1 straight connection to another node
{
if (der != null)
{
// This is a regular operation, just place it in the graph and connect with prev operation.
result.AddVertex(der);
derEdgeSource = srcToDer[srcOut[0].Target];
}
else
{
// This is summation, which just translates the derivative to subsequent nodes.
// We don't need to do anything, just skip the node alltogether.
srcToDer[src] = srcToDer[srcOut[0].Target];
}
}
else
{
// Source signal is copied to multiple nodes. We must
// sum the sensitivities, so we add a new summation node
// and connect it to all previous nodes.
var sum = new Expr(null, ExprType.Add);
result.AddVertex(sum);
for (int i = 0; i < srcOut.Length; i++)
{
result.AddEdge(new Edge <Expr>(srcToDer[srcOut[i].Target], sum));
}
// If the source operation was not a summation itself,
// add the derivative and connect to the new summation node.
if (der != null)
{
result.AddVertex(der);
derEdgeSource = sum;
}
else
{
// The source node was a summation with immediate split.
// We get a single summation in the derivative graph.
srcToDer[src] = sum;
}
}
if (derEdgeSource != null)
{
/*
* And now we need to process multiplications.
* Since we are going backwards through the source graph,
* each source multiplication gives us two derivative
* multiplications.
*/
if (derEdgeSource.Type == ExprType.Mul ||
derEdgeSource.Type == ExprType.Hadamard)
{
Expr mulExpr;
var inDerSource = result.InEdges(derEdgeSource).ToArray();
if (inDerSource.Length > 1)
{
// We already have one multiplication filled, create another
mulExpr = new Expr(null, derEdgeSource.Type);
result.AddVertex(mulExpr);
var sensSource = inDerSource.Select(x => x.Source).SingleOrDefault(x => x.Type != ExprType.State);
if (sensSource == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Multiplication derivative must have single non-state input!");
}
result.AddEdge(new Edge <Expr>(sensSource, mulExpr));
}
else
{
mulExpr = derEdgeSource;
}
// Now we must find adjacent source node
var mulSrc = srcToDer.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Value == derEdgeSource);
if (mulSrc.Key == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Can't find the source for multiplication derivative!");
}
var adj = graph.InEdges(mulSrc.Key).Select(x => x.Source).SingleOrDefault(x => x != src);
if (adj == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Couldn't find adjacent source node for multiplication!");
}
// And connect its copy to our derivative multiplication.
if (!stateCopies.TryGetValue(adj, out var stateCopy))
{
stateCopy = new Expr(adj.Name ?? $"State {stateCnt++}", ExprType.State);
stateCopies[adj] = stateCopy;
result.AddVertex(stateCopy);
}
result.AddEdge(new Edge <Expr>(stateCopy, mulExpr));
derEdgeSource = mulExpr;
}
result.AddEdge(new Edge <Expr>(derEdgeSource, der));
}
}
return(result);
}