public Tracer(Scene s)
{
Width = 640;
Height = 480;
Background = Color.Black;
Scene = s;
}
public MainWindow()
{
scene = Scene.TwoPlanes;
this.ReflectionDepth = 5;
this.FieldOfView = 120;
scene.Camera.FieldOfView = this.FieldOfView;
this.MultiThreadedRendering = true;
this.DrawLinesAsync = true;
InitializeComponent();
InitializeKeyListeners();
InitializeSceneOptions();
this.SizeToContent = System.Windows.SizeToContent.Manual;
this.Width = 640;
this.Height = 480;
Task.Run(() =>
{
Task.Delay(100).Wait();
this.InvokeOnApplicationDispatcher(() =>
{
DrawSceneLinesMultiThreaded();
});
});
}
private RayTracer.Scene CreateScene()
{
RayTracer.Scene scene = new RayTracer.Scene();
scene.SetLight(this.light);
scene.SetCamera(this.camera);
scene.allObjects = this.objects.Values.ToList();
return(scene);
}
private void MenuItem_Save_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
System.Windows.Forms.SaveFileDialog saveFileDialog1 = new System.Windows.Forms.SaveFileDialog();
saveFileDialog1.Filter = "|*.xml";
saveFileDialog1.Title = "Save database";
saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog();
// If the file name is not an empty string open it for saving.
if (saveFileDialog1.FileName != "")
{
RayTracer.Scene scene = CreateScene();
RayTracer.Database.DatabaseHandler.Save(scene, saveFileDialog1.FileName);
}
}
// Camera = new Camera(new Vector3(0, 0, -5), new Vector3(0, 0, 1));
public Image TraceRay(Viewport viewport, Camera camera, Scene scene)
{
var image = new Image(viewport);
Color[,] colours;
for (int y = 0; y < viewport.Height; y++)
{
for (int x = 0; x < viewport.Width; x++)
{
Ray ray = camera.GetRay(x, y, viewport);
}
}
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
private void renderButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Button button = (Button)sender;
if ((string)button.Content == "Render")
{
ts = new CancellationTokenSource();
CancellationToken ct = ts.Token;
Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
RayTracer.Scene scene = CreateScene();
if (addFloor)
{
RayTracer.Floor floor = new RayTracer.Floor(1, new RayTracer.Point(-10, 0, -10), new RayTracer.Point(10, 0, 10));
floor.SetProperties(0.6f, 0.4f, 0);
floor.SetColors(new RayTracer.Color(0, 0, 0), new RayTracer.Color(1, 1, 1));
scene.allObjects.Add(floor);
}
RayTracer.Renderer renderer = new RayTracer.Renderer(scene, scene.allObjects);
scene.width = RenderWidth;
scene.height = RenderHeight;
renderer.ct = ct;
Console.WriteLine("Raytracing started.");
int time = Environment.TickCount;
RayTracer.RenderWindow window = renderer.Render();
if (ct.IsCancellationRequested)
{
return;
}
time = -time + Environment.TickCount;
Console.WriteLine("Raytracing finished.");
window.ShowImage();
Console.WriteLine("Intersection calculating time: \t" + scene.intersectionCalculationCount + "\nRender time: \t\t" + time + "ms");
window.ShowDialog();
}, ct);
button.Content = "Cancel";
}
else
{
// Can't wait anymore => cancel this task
ts.Cancel();
button.Content = "Render";
}
}
private void loadToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
OpenFileDialog ofd = new OpenFileDialog();
ofd.Filter = "JSON Scene|*.json";
if (ofd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
try
{
sc = Scene.Load(ofd.FileName);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Error loading scene", MessageBoxButtons.OK);
return;
}
tsslblScene.Text = Path.GetFileName(ofd.FileName);
pnlControls.Enabled = true;
}
}
private void SetupScene(int width, int height)
{
//Vector3D bunnyCenter = loadedPlyFile.GetScanAsSpheres().GetAxisAlignedBoundingBox().Center;
scene = new RayTracer.Scene();
scene.camera = new RayTracer.Camera(width, height, MathHelper.DegreesToRadians(40));
scene.background = new RayTracer.Background(new RGBA_Floats(0.5, .5, .5), 0.4);
//AddBoxAndSheresBooleanTest();
//AddBoxAndBoxBooleanTest();
#if false
renderCollection.Add(new BoxShape(new Vector3(), new Vector3(1, 1, 1),
new SolidMaterial(new RGBA_Floats(.9, .2, .1), .01, 0.0, 2.0)));
renderCollection.Add(new BoxShape(new Vector3(.5, .5, .5), new Vector3(1.5, 1.5, 1.5),
new SolidMaterial(new RGBA_Floats(.9, .2, .1), .01, 0.0, 2.0)));
#endif
//renderCollection.Add(new CylinderShape(.25, 1, new SolidMaterial(RGBA_Floats.Cyan, 0, 0, 0)));
//AddSphereAndBox();
//AddAxisMarker();
//AddCubeOfShperes();
renderCollection.Add(MakerGearXCariage());
allObjects = BoundingVolumeHierarchy.CreateNewHierachy(renderCollection);
trackBallTransform = new Transform(allObjects);
//allObjects = root;
scene.shapes.Add(trackBallTransform);
//AddAFloor();
//add two lights for better lighting effects
scene.lights.Add(new Light(new Vector3(50, -10, 100), new RGBA_Floats(0.8, 0.8, 0.8)));
scene.lights.Add(new Light(new Vector3(-30, -150, 50), new RGBA_Floats(0.8, 0.8, 0.8)));
OrientCamera();
}
/// <summary>
/// Determines whether a given ray intersects with any scene objects (other than excludedObject)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ray">The ray to test</param>
/// <param name="scene">The scene to test</param>
/// <param name="excludedObject">An object that is not tested for intersections</param>
/// <param name="intersection">If the intersection test succeeds, contains the closest intersection</param>
/// <returns>A value indicating whether or not any scene object intersected with the ray</returns>
private bool TryCalculateIntersection(Ray ray, Scene scene, DrawableSceneObject excludedObject, out Intersection intersection)
{
var closestDistance = float.PositiveInfinity;
var closestIntersection = new Intersection();
foreach (var sceneObject in scene.DrawableObjects)
{
Intersection i;
if (sceneObject != excludedObject && sceneObject.TryCalculateIntersection(ray, out i))
{
if (i.Distance < closestDistance)
{
closestDistance = i.Distance;
closestIntersection = i;
}
}
}
if (closestDistance == float.PositiveInfinity)
{
intersection = new Intersection();
return false;
}
else
{
intersection = closestIntersection;
return true;
}
}
private Color TraceRayAgainstScene(Ray ray, Scene scene)
{
Intersection intersection;
if (TryCalculateIntersection(ray, scene, null, out intersection))
{
return CalculateRecursiveColor(intersection, scene, 0);
}
else
{
return scene.BackgroundColor;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Renders the given scene, providing a callback for each individual line rendered. Each line is rendered on a separate thread.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="width">The width of the rendered image</param>
/// <param name="width">The height of the rendered image</param>
/// <param name="scene">The scene to render</param>
/// <param name="callback">The delegate invoked when a thread completes rendering a line</param>
public void RenderSceneLinesThreaded(Scene scene, int width, int height, LineFinishedHandler callback)
{
if (width == -1 || height == -1)
{
width = renderSize.Width;
height = renderSize.Height;
}
else
{
renderSize = new Size(width, height);
}
var before = DateTime.UtcNow;
List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>();
for (int yCounter = height - 1; yCounter >= 0; yCounter--)
{
var y = yCounter;
Color[] colors = new Color[width];
Task.Run(() =>
{
for (int xCounter = 0; xCounter < width; xCounter++)
{
var x = xCounter;
var viewPortX = ((2 * x) / (float)width) - 1;
var viewPortY = ((2 * y) / (float)height) - 1;
var color = TraceRayAgainstScene(GetRay(viewPortX, viewPortY), scene);
colors[x] = color;
}
callback(y, colors);
});
}
var after = DateTime.UtcNow;
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("Total render time: " + (after - before).TotalMilliseconds + " ms");
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Scene = new Scene(new Camera(pictureBox1.Width, pictureBox1.Height, -10000));
Scene.LightIntensity = trackBar1.Value;
}
public Color CaculateColour(Ray ray, Scene scene)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
private double TestRay(Ray ray, Scene scene)
{
var isects = Intersections(ray, scene);
ISect isect = isects.FirstOrDefault();
if (isect == null)
return 0;
return isect.Dist;
}
private IEnumerable<ISect> Intersections(Ray ray, Scene scene)
{
return scene.Things
.Select(obj => obj.Intersect(ray))
.Where(inter => inter != null)
.OrderBy(inter => inter.Dist);
}
private Colour GetNaturalColor(Thing thing, Vector3 pos, Vector3 norm, Vector3 rd, Scene scene)
{
Colour ret = new Colour(0, 0, 0);
foreach (LightSource light in scene.Lights)
{
Vector3 ldis = light.Pos - pos;
Vector3 livec = ldis.Normalized();
double neatIsect = TestRay(new Ray(pos, livec), scene);
bool isInShadow = !((neatIsect > ldis.Length()) || (neatIsect == 0));
if (!isInShadow)
{
double illum = livec.DotProduct(norm);
Colour lcolor = illum > 0 ? illum * light.Color : new Colour(0, 0, 0);
double specular = livec.DotProduct(rd.Normalized());
Colour scolor = specular > 0 ? Math.Pow(specular, thing.Surface.Roughness) * light.Color : new Colour(0, 0, 0);
ret = ret + (thing.Surface.Diffuse(pos) * lcolor) + (thing.Surface.Specular(pos) * scolor);
}
}
return(ret);
}
/// <summary>
/// this is the main entrypoint for rendering a scene. this method is responsible for correctly rendering
/// the graphics device (in this case a bitmap).
/// Note that apart from the raytracing, painting on a graphics device is rather slow
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g">the graphics to render on</param>
/// <param name="viewport">basically determines the size of the bitmap to render on</param>
/// <param name="scene">the scene to render.</param>
public void RayTraceScene(Graphics g, Rectangle viewport, Scene scene)
{
int maxsamples = (int)AntiAliasing;
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.Black, viewport);
//Color[] scanline1;
//Color[] scanline2 = null;
//Color[] scanline3 = null;
Color[,] buffer = new Color[viewport.Width + 2, viewport.Height + 2];
for (int y = 0; y < viewport.Height + 2; y++)
{
DateTime timestart = DateTime.Now;
//// used for anti-aliasing
//scanline1 = scanline2;
//scanline2 = scanline3;
//scanline3 = new Color[viewport.Width + 2];
for (int x = 0; x < viewport.Width + 2; x++)
{
double yp = y * 1.0f / viewport.Height * 2 - 1;
double xp = x * 1.0f / viewport.Width * 2 - 1;
Ray ray = scene.Camera.GetRay(xp, yp);
// this will trigger the raytracing algorithm
buffer[x, y] = CalculateColor(ray, scene);
if ((x > 1) && (y > 1))
{
if (AntiAliasing != AntiAliasing.None)
{
Color avg = (buffer[x - 2, y - 2] + buffer[x - 1, y - 2] + buffer[x, y - 2] +
buffer[x - 2, y - 1] + buffer[x - 1, y - 1] + buffer[x, y - 1] +
buffer[x - 2, y] + buffer[x - 1, y] + buffer[x, y]) / 9;
if (AntiAliasing == AntiAliasing.Quick)
{
// this basically implements a simple mean filter
// it quick but not very accurate
buffer[x - 1, y - 1] = avg;
}
else
{ // use a more accurate antialasing method (MonteCarlo implementation)
// this will fire multiple rays per pixel
if (avg.Distance(buffer[x - 1, y - 1]) > 0.18) // 0.18 is a treshold for detailed aliasing
{
for (int i = 0; i < maxsamples; i++)
{
// get some 'random' samples
double rx = Math.Sign(i % 4 - 1.5) * (IntNoise(x + y * viewport.Width * maxsamples * 2 + i) + 1) / 4; // interval <-0.5, 0.5>
double ry = Math.Sign(i % 2 - 0.5) * (IntNoise(x + y * viewport.Width * maxsamples * 2 + 1 + i) + 1) / 4; // interval <-0.5, 0.5>
xp = (x - 1 + rx) * 1.0f / viewport.Width * 2 - 1;
yp = (y - 1 + ry) * 1.0f / viewport.Height * 2 - 1;
ray = scene.Camera.GetRay(xp, yp);
// execute even more ray traces, this makes detailed anti-aliasing expensive
buffer[x - 1, y - 1] += CalculateColor(ray, scene);
}
buffer[x - 1, y - 1] /= (maxsamples + 1);
}
}
}
// this is the slow part of the painting algorithm, it can be greatly speed up
// by directly accessing the bitmap data
Brush br = new SolidBrush(buffer[x - 1, y - 1].ToArgb());
g.FillRectangle(br, viewport.Left + x - 2, viewport.Top + y - 2, 1, 1);
br.Dispose();
}
}
// update progress after every scanline
if (RenderUpdate != null)
{
double progress = (y) / (double)(viewport.Height);
double duration = DateTime.Now.Subtract(timestart).TotalMilliseconds;
double ETA = duration / progress - duration;
RenderUpdate.Invoke((int)progress * 100, duration, ETA, y - 1);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// This is the main RayTrace controller algorithm, the core of the RayTracer
/// recursive method setup
/// this does the actual tracing of the ray and determines the color of each pixel
/// supports:
/// - ambient lighting
/// - diffuse lighting
/// - Gloss lighting
/// - shadows
/// - reflections
/// </summary>
/// <param name="info"></param>
/// <param name="ray"></param>
/// <param name="scene"></param>
/// <param name="depth"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private Color RayTrace(IntersectInfo info, Ray ray, Scene scene, int depth)
{
// calculate ambient light
Color color = info.Color * scene.Background.Ambience;
double shininess = Math.Pow(10, info.Element.Material.Gloss + 1);
foreach (Light light in scene.Lights)
{
// calculate diffuse lighting
Vector v = (light.Position - info.Position).Normalize();
if (RenderDiffuse)
{
double L = v.Dot(info.Normal);
if (L > 0.0f)
{
color += info.Color * light.Color * L;
}
}
// this is the max depth of raytracing.
// increasing depth will calculate more accurate color, however it will
// also take longer (exponentially)
if (depth < 3)
{
// calculate reflection ray
if (RenderReflection && info.Element.Material.Reflection > 0)
{
Ray reflectionray = GetReflectionRay(info.Position, info.Normal, ray.Direction);
IntersectInfo refl = TestIntersection(reflectionray, scene, info.Element);
if (refl.IsHit && refl.Distance > 0)
{
// recursive call, this makes reflections expensive
refl.Color = RayTrace(refl, reflectionray, scene, depth + 1);
}
else // does not reflect an object, then reflect background color
{
refl.Color = scene.Background.Color;
}
color = color.Blend(refl.Color, info.Element.Material.Reflection);
}
//calculate refraction ray
if (RenderRefraction && info.Element.Material.Transparency > 0)
{
Ray refractionray = GetRefractionRay(info.Position, info.Normal, ray.Direction, info.Element.Material.Refraction);
IntersectInfo refr = info.Element.Intersect(refractionray);
if (refr.IsHit)
{
//refractionray = new Ray(refr.Position, ray.Direction);
refractionray = GetRefractionRay(refr.Position, refr.Normal, refractionray.Direction, refr.Element.Material.Refraction);
refr = TestIntersection(refractionray, scene, info.Element);
if (refr.IsHit && refr.Distance > 0)
{
// recursive call, this makes refractions expensive
refr.Color = RayTrace(refr, refractionray, scene, depth + 1);
}
else
{
refr.Color = scene.Background.Color;
}
}
else
{
refr.Color = scene.Background.Color;
}
color = color.Blend(refr.Color, info.Element.Material.Transparency);
}
}
IntersectInfo shadow = new IntersectInfo();
if (RenderShadow)
{
// calculate shadow, create ray from intersection point to light
Ray shadowray = new Ray(info.Position, v);
// find any element in between intersection point and light
shadow = TestIntersection(shadowray, scene, info.Element);
if (shadow.IsHit && shadow.Element != info.Element)
{
// only cast shadow if the found interesection is another
// element than the current element
color *= 0.5 + 0.5 * Math.Pow(shadow.Element.Material.Transparency, 0.5); // Math.Pow(.5, shadow.HitCount);
}
}
// only show highlights if it is not in the shadow of another object
if (RenderHighlights && !shadow.IsHit && info.Element.Material.Gloss > 0)
{
// only show Gloss light if it is not in a shadow of another element.
// calculate Gloss lighting (Phong)
Vector Lv = (info.Element.Position - light.Position).Normalize();
Vector E = (scene.Camera.Position - info.Element.Position).Normalize();
Vector H = (E - Lv).Normalize();
double Glossweight = 0.0;
Glossweight = Math.Pow(Math.Max(info.Normal.Dot(H), 0), shininess);
color += light.Color * (Glossweight);
}
}
// normalize the color
color.Limit();
return(color);
}
public Bitmap RayTraceRows(Scene scene, Rectangle viewport, int startRow, int numberOfRowsToTrace)
{
int maxsamples = (int)AntiAliasing;
Color[,] buffer = new Color[viewport.Width + 2, numberOfRowsToTrace + 2];
Bitmap image = new Bitmap(viewport.Width, numberOfRowsToTrace);
for (int y = startRow; y < (startRow + numberOfRowsToTrace) + 2; y++)
{
for (int x = 0; x < viewport.Width + 2; x++)
{
double yp = y * 1.0f / viewport.Height * 2 - 1;
double xp = x * 1.0f / viewport.Width * 2 - 1;
Ray ray = scene.Camera.GetRay(xp, yp);
// this will trigger the raytracing algorithm
buffer[x, y - startRow] = CalculateColor(ray, scene);
// if current line is at least 2 lines into the scan
if ((x > 1) && (y > startRow + 1))
{
if (AntiAliasing != AntiAliasing.None)
{
Color avg = (buffer[x - 2, y - startRow - 2] + buffer[x - 1, y - startRow - 2] + buffer[x, y - startRow - 2] +
buffer[x - 2, y - startRow - 1] + buffer[x - 1, y - startRow - 1] + buffer[x, y - startRow - 1] +
buffer[x - 2, y - startRow] + buffer[x - 1, y - startRow] + buffer[x, y - startRow]) / 9;
if (AntiAliasing == AntiAliasing.Quick)
{
// this basically implements a simple mean filter
// it quick but not very accurate
buffer[x - 1, y - startRow - 1] = avg;
}
else
{ // use a more accurate antialasing method (MonteCarlo implementation)
// this will fire multiple rays per pixel
if (avg.Distance(buffer[x - 1, y - startRow - 1]) > 0.18) // 0.18 is a treshold for detailed aliasing
{
for (int i = 0; i < maxsamples; i++)
{
// get some 'random' samples
double rx = Math.Sign(i % 4 - 1.5) * (IntNoise(x + y * viewport.Width * maxsamples * 2 + i) + 1) / 4; // interval <-0.5, 0.5>
double ry = Math.Sign(i % 2 - 0.5) * (IntNoise(x + y * viewport.Width * maxsamples * 2 + 1 + i) + 1) / 4; // interval <-0.5, 0.5>
xp = (x - 1 + rx) * 1.0f / viewport.Width * 2 - 1;
yp = (y - 1 + ry) * 1.0f / viewport.Height * 2 - 1;
ray = scene.Camera.GetRay(xp, yp);
// execute even more ray traces, this makes detailed anti-aliasing expensive
buffer[x - 1, y - startRow - 1] += CalculateColor(ray, scene);
}
buffer[x - 1, y - startRow - 1] /= (maxsamples + 1);
}
}
}
image.SetPixel(x - 2, y - startRow - 2, buffer[x - 1, y - startRow - 1].ToArgb());
}
}
System.Windows.Forms.Application.DoEvents();
}
return(image);
}
private Colour GetReflectionColor(Thing thing, Vector3 pos, Vector3 norm, Vector3 rd, Scene scene, int depth)
{
return(thing.Surface.Reflect(pos) * TraceRay(new Ray(pos, rd), scene, depth + 1));
}
private Color Shade(ISect isect, Scene scene, int depth)
{
var d = isect.Ray.Dir;
var pos = Vector.Plus(Vector.Times(isect.Dist, isect.Ray.Dir), isect.Ray.Start);
var normal = isect.Thing.Normal(pos);
var reflectDir = Vector.Minus(d, Vector.Times(2 * Vector.Dot(normal, d), normal));
Color ret = Color.DefaultColor;
ret = Color.Plus(ret, GetNaturalColor(isect.Thing, pos, normal, reflectDir, scene));
if (depth >= MaxDepth) {
return Color.Plus(ret, Color.Make(.5, .5, .5));
}
return Color.Plus(ret, GetReflectionColor(isect.Thing, Vector.Plus(pos, Vector.Times(.001, reflectDir)), normal, reflectDir, scene, depth));
}
private Intersection ClosestIntersection(Ray ray, Scene scene)
{
Intersection closest = new Intersection() { Dist = float.MaxValue, Thing = null, Ray = null };
for (int i = 0; i < scene.Things.Length; i++)
{
var thing = scene.Things[i];
Intersection intersection = thing.Intersect(ray);
if (intersection != null && intersection.Dist < closest.Dist)
{
closest = intersection;
}
}
return closest.Thing == null ? null : closest;
}
private Color TraceRay(Ray ray, Scene scene, int depth)
{
var isects = Intersections(ray, scene);
ISect isect = isects.FirstOrDefault();
if (isect == null)
return Color.Background;
return Shade(isect, scene, depth);
}
private Color GetNaturalColor(SceneObject thing, Vector pos, Vector norm, Vector rd, Scene scene)
{
Color ret = new Color(Color.DefaultColor.R, Color.DefaultColor.G, Color.DefaultColor.B);
Vector rdNormalized = Vector.Norm(rd);
for (int i = 0; i < scene.Lights.Length; i++)
{
Light light = scene.Lights[i];
float vx = light.Pos.X - pos.X;
float vy = light.Pos.Y - pos.Y;
float vz = light.Pos.Z - pos.Z;
float sqrLength, invLength;
sqrLength = vx * vx + vy * vy + vz * vz;
invLength = SceneObject.InvSqrt(sqrLength);
Vector livec = new Vector(vx * invLength, vy * invLength, vz * invLength);
float neatIsect = TestRay(new Ray() { Start = pos, Dir = livec }, scene);
bool isInShadow = !((neatIsect == 0) || (neatIsect > vx * vx + vy * vy + vz * vz));
if (!isInShadow)
{
float illum = livec.X * norm.X + livec.Y * norm.Y + livec.Z * norm.Z;
float specular = livec.X * rdNormalized.X + livec.Y * rdNormalized.Y + livec.Z * rdNormalized.Z;
Color lcolor = illum > 0 ? Color.Times(illum, light.Color) : Color.Background;
Color scolor = specular > 0 ? Color.Times((float)Math.Pow(specular, thing.Surface.Roughness), light.Color) : Color.Background;
var diffuseSurfaceColor = thing.Surface.Diffuse(pos);
var specularSurfaceColor = thing.Surface.Specular(pos);
ret.R += diffuseSurfaceColor.R * lcolor.R + specularSurfaceColor.R * scolor.R;
ret.G += diffuseSurfaceColor.G * lcolor.G + specularSurfaceColor.G * scolor.G;
ret.B += diffuseSurfaceColor.B * lcolor.B + specularSurfaceColor.B * scolor.B;
}
}
return ret;
}
private Color Shade(Intersection isect, Scene scene, int depth)
{
var d = isect.Ray.Dir;
var pos = new Vector(
isect.Dist * isect.Ray.Dir.X + isect.Ray.Start.X,
isect.Dist * isect.Ray.Dir.Y + isect.Ray.Start.Y,
isect.Dist * isect.Ray.Dir.Z + isect.Ray.Start.Z
);
var normal = isect.Thing.Normal(pos);
var reflectDir = Vector.Minus(d, Vector.Times(2 * Vector.Dot(normal, d), normal));
// TODO: whats wrong with this?
/*var reflectDir = new Vector(
d.X - (2.0f * normal.X * d.X * normal.X),
d.Y - (2.0f * normal.Y * d.Y * normal.Y),
d.Z - (2.0f * normal.Z * d.Z * normal.Z)
);*/
Color natColor = GetNaturalColor(isect.Thing, pos, normal, reflectDir, scene);
Color ret = new Color(Color.DefaultColor.R + natColor.R,Color.DefaultColor.R + natColor.G, Color.DefaultColor.R + natColor.B);
if (depth >= MaxDepth)
{
return new Color(ret.R + Color.Grey.R, ret.G + Color.Grey.G, ret.B + Color.Grey.B);
}
Color refColor = GetReflectionColor(isect.Thing, new Vector(pos.X + .001f * reflectDir.X, pos.Y + .001f * reflectDir.Y, pos.Z + .001f * reflectDir.Z), normal, reflectDir, scene, depth);
return new Color(ret.R + refColor.R, ret.G + refColor.G, ret.B + refColor.B);
}
private float TestRay(Ray ray, Scene scene)
{
float d = float.MaxValue;
for (int i = 0; i < scene.Things.Length; i++)
{
var thing = scene.Things[i];
float intersectionDistance = thing.IntersectDistance(ray);
if (intersectionDistance < d)
{
d = intersectionDistance;
}
}
return d == float.MaxValue ? 0 : d;
}
private void SetupScene(int width, int height)
{
//Vector3D bunnyCenter = loadedPlyFile.GetScanAsSpheres().GetAxisAlignedBoundingBox().Center;
scene = new RayTracer.Scene();
scene.camera = new RayTracer.Camera(width, height, MathHelper.DegreesToRadians(40));
scene.background = new RayTracer.Background(new RGBA_Floats(0.5, .5, .5), 0.4);
//AddBoxAndSheresBooleanTest();
//AddBoxAndBoxBooleanTest();
#if false
renderCollection.Add(new BoxShape(new Vector3(), new Vector3(1, 1, 1),
new SolidMaterial(new RGBA_Floats(.9, .2, .1), .01, 0.0, 2.0)));
renderCollection.Add(new BoxShape(new Vector3(.5,.5,.5), new Vector3(1.5, 1.5, 1.5),
new SolidMaterial(new RGBA_Floats(.9, .2, .1), .01, 0.0, 2.0)));
#endif
//renderCollection.Add(new CylinderShape(.25, 1, new SolidMaterial(RGBA_Floats.Cyan, 0, 0, 0)));
//AddSphereAndBox();
//AddAxisMarker();
//AddCubeOfShperes();
renderCollection.Add(MakerGearXCariage());
allObjects = BoundingVolumeHierarchy.CreateNewHierachy(renderCollection);
trackBallTransform = new Transform(allObjects);
//allObjects = root;
scene.shapes.Add(trackBallTransform);
//AddAFloor();
//add two lights for better lighting effects
scene.lights.Add(new Light(new Vector3(50, -10, 100), new RGBA_Floats(0.8, 0.8, 0.8)));
scene.lights.Add(new Light(new Vector3(-30, -150, 50), new RGBA_Floats(0.8, 0.8, 0.8)));
OrientCamera();
}
private Color TraceRay(Ray ray, Scene scene, int depth)
{
var i = ClosestIntersection(ray, scene);
if (i == null)
{
return Color.Background;
}
return Shade(i, scene, depth);
}
/// <summary>
/// Renders the given scene to a bitmap, using one thread per line of pixels in the image.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="scene">The scene to render</param>
/// <returns>A bitmap of the rendered scene.</returns>
public void RenderSceneToBitmapThreaded(Scene scene, RenderBuffer renderBuffer, int width = -1, int height = -1)
{
if (width == -1 || height == -1)
{
width = renderSize.Width;
height = renderSize.Height;
}
else
{
renderSize = new Size(width, height);
}
var before = DateTime.UtcNow;
List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>();
for (int yCounter = height - 1; yCounter >= 0; yCounter--)
{
var y = yCounter;
var task = Task.Run(() =>
{
for (int xCounter = 0; xCounter < width; xCounter++)
{
var x = xCounter;
var viewPortX = ((2 * x) / (float)width) - 1;
var viewPortY = ((2 * y) / (float)height) - 1;
var color = TraceRayAgainstScene(GetRay(viewPortX, viewPortY), scene);
renderBuffer.SetColor(x, height - y - 1, ref color);
}
});
tasks.Add(task);
}
Task.WhenAll(tasks).Wait();
var after = DateTime.UtcNow;
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("Total render time: " + (after - before).TotalMilliseconds + " ms");
}
internal unsafe void Render(Scene scene)
{
// TODO: use more here? need to be height % processorCount == 0.
//int processorCount = Environment.ProcessorCount;
int processorCount = 12;
ScanlineTask[] scanLineTasks = new ScanlineTask[processorCount];
int numRowsPerTask = screenHeight / processorCount;
CountdownEvent countEvent = new CountdownEvent(processorCount);
int pitch = numRowsPerTask * screenWidth * 4;
int currentY = 0;
int offset = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < processorCount; i++)
{
scanLineTasks[i] = new ScanlineTask(i == processorCount - 1, screenWidth, numRowsPerTask, currentY, scanlines + offset, countEvent, (x, y) => TraceRay(new Ray()
{
Start = scene.Camera.Pos,
Dir = GetPoint(x, y, scene.Camera)
}, scene, 0)
);
currentY += numRowsPerTask;
offset += pitch;
}
for (int i = 0; i < processorCount; i++)
{
scanLineTasks[i].Start();
}
//Stopwatch t = Stopwatch.StartNew();
countEvent.Wait();
//t.Stop();
//Console.WriteLine("wait " + t.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
/// <summary>
/// Renders the given scene in a background thread. Uses a single thread for rendering.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="scene">The scene to render</param>
/// <returns>A bitmap of the rendered scene.</returns>
public async Task<Bitmap> RenderSceneToBitmap(Scene scene, int width = -1, int height = -1)
{
if (width == -1 || height == -1)
{
width = renderSize.Width;
height = renderSize.Height;
}
else
{
renderSize = new Size(width, height);
}
var before = DateTime.UtcNow;
Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(width, height);
var task = Task.Run(() =>
{
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
{
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
{
var viewPortX = ((2 * x) / (float)width) - 1;
var viewPortY = ((2 * y) / (float)height) - 1;
var color = TraceRayAgainstScene(GetRay(viewPortX, viewPortY), scene);
bitmap.SetPixel(x, height - y - 1, color);
}
}
});
await task;
var after = DateTime.UtcNow;
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("Total render time: " + (after - before).TotalMilliseconds + " ms");
return bitmap;
}
internal void Render(Scene scene)
{
for (int y = 0; y < screenHeight; y++)
{
for (int x = 0; x < screenWidth; x++)
{
Color color = TraceRay(new Ray() { Start = scene.Camera.Pos, Dir = GetPoint(x, y, scene.Camera) }, scene, 0);
setPixel(x, y, color.ToDrawingColor());
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Renders the given scene, providing a callback for each individual line rendered. Uses a single background thread.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="width">The width of the rendered image</param>
/// <param name="height">The height of the rendered image</param>
/// <param name="scene">The scene to render</param>
/// <param name="callback">The delegate invoked when a thread completes rendering a line</param>
public void RenderSceneLines(Scene scene, int width, int height, LineFinishedHandler callback)
{
if (width == -1 || height == -1)
{
width = renderSize.Width;
height = renderSize.Height;
}
else
{
renderSize = new Size(width, height);
}
var before = DateTime.UtcNow;
Task.Run(() => // Even single-threaded method should run in the background to avoid freezing UI.
{
for (int y = height - 1; y >= 0; y--)
{
var colors = new Color[width];
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
{
var viewPortX = ((2 * x) / (float)width) - 1;
var viewPortY = ((2 * y) / (float)height) - 1;
var color = TraceRayAgainstScene(GetRay(viewPortX, viewPortY), scene);
colors[x] = color;
}
callback(y, colors);
}
});
var after = DateTime.UtcNow;
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("Total render time: " + (after - before).TotalMilliseconds + " ms");
}
private Color GetNaturalColor(SceneObject thing, Vector pos, Vector norm, Vector rd, Scene scene)
{
Color ret = Color.Make(0, 0, 0);
foreach (Light light in scene.Lights) {
Vector ldis = Vector.Minus(light.Pos, pos);
Vector livec = Vector.Norm(ldis);
double neatIsect = TestRay(new Ray() { Start = pos, Dir = livec }, scene);
bool isInShadow = !((neatIsect > Vector.Mag(ldis)) || (neatIsect == 0));
if (!isInShadow) {
double illum = Vector.Dot(livec, norm);
Color lcolor = illum > 0 ? Color.Times(illum, light.Color) : Color.Make(0, 0, 0);
double specular = Vector.Dot(livec, Vector.Norm(rd));
Color scolor = specular > 0 ? Color.Times(Math.Pow(specular, thing.Surface.Roughness), light.Color) : Color.Make(0, 0, 0);
ret = Color.Plus(ret, Color.Plus(Color.Times(thing.Surface.Diffuse(pos), lcolor),
Color.Times(thing.Surface.Specular(pos), scolor)));
}
}
return ret;
}
/// <summary>
/// Recursive algorithm base
/// </summary>
/// <param name="intersection">The intersection the recursive step started from</param>
/// <param name="ray">The ray, starting from the intersection</param>
/// <param name="scene">The scene to trace</param>
private Color CalculateRecursiveColor(Intersection intersection, Scene scene, int depth)
{
// Ambient light:
var color = Color.Lerp(Color.Black, intersection.Color * scene.AmbientLightColor, scene.AmbientLightIntensity);
foreach (Light light in scene.Lights)
{
var lightContribution = new Color();
var towardsLight = (light.Position - intersection.Point).Normalized();
var lightDistance = Util.Distance(intersection.Point, light.Position);
// Accumulate diffuse lighting:
var lightEffectiveness = Vector3.Dot(towardsLight, intersection.Normal);
if (lightEffectiveness > 0.0f)
{
lightContribution = lightContribution + (intersection.Color * light.GetIntensityAtDistance(lightDistance) * light.Color * lightEffectiveness);
}
// Render shadow
var shadowRay = new Ray(intersection.Point, towardsLight);
Intersection shadowIntersection;
if (TryCalculateIntersection(shadowRay, scene, intersection.ObjectHit, out shadowIntersection) && shadowIntersection.Distance < lightDistance)
{
var transparency = shadowIntersection.ObjectHit.Material.Transparency;
var lightPassThrough = Util.Lerp(.25f, 1.0f, transparency);
lightContribution = Color.Lerp(lightContribution, Color.Zero, 1 - lightPassThrough);
}
color += lightContribution;
}
if (depth < ReflectionDepth)
{
// Reflection ray
var objectReflectivity = intersection.ObjectHit.Material.Reflectivity;
if (objectReflectivity > 0.0f)
{
var reflectionRay = GetReflectionRay(intersection.Point, intersection.Normal, intersection.ImpactDirection);
Intersection reflectionIntersection;
if (TryCalculateIntersection(reflectionRay, scene, intersection.ObjectHit, out reflectionIntersection))
{
color = Color.Lerp(color, CalculateRecursiveColor(reflectionIntersection, scene, depth + 1), objectReflectivity);
}
}
// Refraction ray
var objectRefractivity = intersection.ObjectHit.Material.Refractivity;
if (objectRefractivity > 0.0f)
{
var refractionRay = GetRefractionRay(intersection.Point, intersection.Normal, intersection.ImpactDirection, objectRefractivity);
Intersection refractionIntersection;
if (TryCalculateIntersection(refractionRay, scene, intersection.ObjectHit, out refractionIntersection))
{
var refractedColor = CalculateRecursiveColor(refractionIntersection, scene, depth + 1);
color = Color.Lerp(color, refractedColor, 1 - (intersection.ObjectHit.Material.Opacity));
}
}
}
color = color.Limited;
return color;
}
private Color GetReflectionColor(SceneObject thing, Vector pos, Vector norm, Vector rd, Scene scene, int depth)
{
return Color.Times(thing.Surface.Reflect(pos), TraceRay(new Ray() { Start = pos, Dir = rd }, scene, depth + 1));
}
/// <summary>
/// Renders the given scene to a bitmap, using one thread per line of pixels in the image.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="scene">The scene to render</param>
/// <returns>A bitmap of the rendered scene.</returns>
public async Task<Bitmap> RenderSceneToBitmapThreaded(Scene scene, int width = -1, int height = -1)
{
if (width == -1 || height == -1)
{
width = renderSize.Width;
height = renderSize.Height;
}
else
{
renderSize = new Size(width, height);
}
var before = DateTime.UtcNow;
Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(width, height);
List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>();
Color[,] colors = new Color[width, height];
for (int xCounter = 0; xCounter < width; xCounter++)
{
var x = xCounter;
var task = Task.Run(() =>
{
for (int yCounter = 0; yCounter < height; yCounter++)
{
var y = yCounter;
var viewPortX = ((2 * x) / (float)width) - 1;
var viewPortY = ((2 * y) / (float)height) - 1;
var color = TraceRayAgainstScene(GetRay(viewPortX, viewPortY), scene);
colors[x, y] = color;
}
});
tasks.Add(task);
}
await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
// Copy all pixel data into bitmap.
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
{
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
{
bitmap.SetPixel(x, height - y - 1, colors[x, y]);
}
}
var after = DateTime.UtcNow;
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("Total render time: " + (after - before).TotalMilliseconds + " ms");
return bitmap;
}
private void OnSceneButtonClicked(Scene scene)
{
this.scene = scene;
this.scene.Camera.FieldOfView = this.FieldOfView;
this.scene.Camera.ReflectionDepth = this.ReflectionDepth;
}
