private void CalcRank()
{
int isUsed = 0;
int toGo = Choices;
rank = 0;
foreach (int e1 in this.data)
{
isUsed |= 1 << e1;
int digit = 0;
for (int e2 = 0; e2 < e1; ++e2)
{
if ((isUsed & 1 << e2) == 0)
{
++digit;
}
}
rank += digit * Combinatoric.Factorial(--toGo);
}
if (toGo != 0)
{
rank /= Combinatoric.Factorial(toGo);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new multicombination from elements supplied in <em>source</em> picked
/// from the supplied number of <em>choices</em>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="choices">Number of values to pick from.</param>
/// <param name="source">Array of integers.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// Supplying a value for <em>choices</em> that is greater than the number of elements in <em>source</em>
/// will instantiate a <em>k</em>-multicombination also known as a <em>k</em>-combination with repetition.
/// </remarks>
/// <example><code source="..\Examples\Multicombination\McExample04\McExample04.cs" lang="cs"/></example>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">When <em>source</em> is <b>null</b>.</exception>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException">When <em>source</em> contains invalid data; when <em>choices</em> is 0 and <em>source</em> is not empty.</exception>
public Multicombination(int choices, int[] source)
{
if (source == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(source));
}
if (choices < 0)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(choices), "Value is less than zero.");
}
if (choices == 0 && source.Length > 0)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(choices), "Value is zero and picks is nonzero.");
}
this.data = new int[source.Length];
source.CopyTo(this.data, 0);
Array.Sort(this.data);
this.choices = choices;
CalcRowCount();
foreach (int element in this.data)
{
if (element < 0 || element >= choices)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(source), "Element is out of range.");
}
}
//
// Perform ranking:
//
this.rank = 0;
if (RowCount == 0)
{
return;
}
int comboElement = this[0];
int ji = 0;
for (int ki = 0;;)
{
for (; ji < comboElement; ++ji)
{
this.rank += Combinatoric.BinomialCoefficient(Choices + Picks - ji - 2, Picks - ki - 1);
}
++ki;
if (ki >= Picks)
{
break;
}
ji = comboElement + 1;
comboElement = this[ki] - this[ki - 1] + ji;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new combination from elements supplied in <em>source</em> picked
/// from the supplied number of <em>choices</em>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="choices">Number of values to pick from.</param>
/// <param name="source">Array of integers.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// Supplying a value for <em>choices</em> that is greater than the number of elements in <em>source</em>
/// will instantiate a <em>k</em>-combination also known as a pick-combination.
/// </remarks>
/// <example><code source="..\Examples\Combination\CnExample04\CnExample04.cs" lang="cs"/></example>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">When <em>source</em> is <b>null</b>.</exception>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException">
/// When length of <em>source</em> is greater than <em>picks</em>; when <em>source</em> contains invalid data.
/// </exception>
public Combination(int choices, int[] source)
{
if (source == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(source));
}
if (choices < 0)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(choices), "Value is less than zero.");
}
if (choices < source.Length)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(choices), "Value is less than picks.");
}
this.data = new int[source.Length];
source.CopyTo(this.data, 0);
Array.Sort(this.data);
this.choices = choices;
CalcRowCount();
for (int ki = 0; ki < Picks; ++ki)
{
if (this[ki] < 0 || this[ki] >= choices)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(source), "Element is out of range.");
}
else if (ki > 0 && this[ki] == this[ki - 1])
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(source), "Elements must be unique.");
}
}
//
// Perform ranking:
//
this.rank = 0;
int ji = 0;
for (int ki = 0; ki < Picks; ++ki)
{
for (; ji < this[ki]; ++ji)
{
this.rank += Combinatoric.BinomialCoefficient(Choices - ji - 1, Picks - ki - 1);
}
ji = this[ki] + 1;
}
}
private void CalcRowCount()
{
if (Picks == 0)
{
rowCount = 0;
}
else
{
rowCount = Combinatoric.Factorial(Choices);
if (Choices != Picks)
{
rowCount /= Combinatoric.Factorial(Choices - Picks);
}
}
}
// On entry: elements allocated for choices.
// On exit: result will be in elements.
private static void CalcPlainUnrank(int[] elements, long plainRank)
{
elements[0] = 0;
for (int ei = 1; ei < elements.Length; ++ei)
{
int yd = (int)(Combinatoric.Factorial(elements.Length) / Combinatoric.Factorial(ei + 1));
int yi = (int)((plainRank / yd) % ((ei + 1) * 2));
int ip = yi <= ei ? ei - yi : yi - ei - 1;
for (int si = ei; si > ip; --si)
{
elements[si] = elements[si - 1];
}
elements[ip] = ei;
}
}
/// <summary>Initializes a new permutation of <see cref="Rank"/> 0 with the supplied number of elements.</summary>
/// <param name="choices">Number of elements in the sequence.</param>
/// <example><code source="..\Examples\Permutation\PnExample01\PnExample01.cs" lang="cs"/></example>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException">When <em>choices</em> is less than 0 or greater than 20.</exception>
public Permutation(int choices)
{
if (choices < 0)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(choices), "Value is less than zero.");
}
if (choices > MaxChoices)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(choices), "Value is greater than maximum allowed.");
}
this.data = new int[choices];
for (int ei = 0; ei < choices; ++ei)
{
this[ei] = ei;
}
this.choices = choices;
this.rowCount = choices == 0 ? 0 : Combinatoric.Factorial(choices);
this.rank = 0;
}
private void CalcRowCount() => rowCount = Picks == 0 ? 0 : Combinatoric.BinomialCoefficient(Choices, Picks);
