/// <summary>
/// Tries to compute the shortest paths in an unweighted graph with the Bellman-Ford's algorithm. Shortest paths are computed with the distance between the vertices. Returns true if successful; otherwise false.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TVertex">The data type of the vertices. TVertex implements <see cref="IComparable{T}"/>.</typeparam>
/// <param name="graph">The graph structure that implements <see cref="IGraph{TVertex}"/>.</param>
/// <param name="source">The source vertex for which the shortest paths are computed.</param>
/// <param name="shortestPaths">The <see cref="UnweightedGraphShortestPaths{TVertex}"/> object that contains the shortest paths of the graph if the algorithm was successful; otherwise null.</param>
/// <returns>Returns true if the shortest paths were successfully computed; otherwise false. Also returns false if the given source vertex does not belong to the graph.</returns>
public static bool TryGetBellmanFordShortestPaths <TVertex>(this IGraph <TVertex> graph, TVertex source, out UnweightedGraphShortestPaths <TVertex> shortestPaths)
where TVertex : IComparable <TVertex>
{
shortestPaths = null;
if (!graph.ContainsVertex(source))
{
return(false);
}
// A dictionary holding a vertex as key and its previous vertex in the path as value.
var previousVertices = new Dictionary <TVertex, TVertex>();
// A dictionary holding a vertex as key and the distance from the source vertex as value.
var pathDistance = new Dictionary <TVertex, int>();
// Add source vertex to computed distances
pathDistance.Add(source, 0);
// Get all edges and sort them by their source and then by their destination vertex to create a consistent shortest paths output.
var allEdges = graph.Edges.ToList();
if (allEdges.Count > 0)
{
allEdges.QuickSort((x, y) =>
{
int cmp = x.Source.CompareTo(y.Source);
if (cmp == 0)
{
cmp = x.Destination.CompareTo(y.Destination);
}
return(cmp);
});
}
// We relax all edges n - 1 times and if at the n-th step a relaxation is needed we have a negative cycle
int lastStep = graph.VerticesCount - 1;
for (int i = 0; i < graph.VerticesCount; i++)
{
foreach (var edge in allEdges)
{
var edgeSource = edge.Source;
var edgeDestination = edge.Destination;
// If we have computed the path to the the source vertex of the edge
if (pathDistance.ContainsKey(edgeSource))
{
int curDistance = pathDistance[edgeSource];
// If the edge destination is the source we continue with the next edge
if (object.Equals(source, edgeDestination))
{
continue;
}
int newDistance = curDistance + 1;
// If this distance is bigger or equal than an already computed distance we continue with the next edge
if (pathDistance.ContainsKey(edgeDestination))
{
if (newDistance.CompareTo(pathDistance[edgeDestination]) >= 0)
{
continue;
}
}
if (i == lastStep)// if we need to relax on the last iteration we have a negative cycle
{
return(false);
}
// Else we save the path
previousVertices[edgeDestination] = edgeSource;
pathDistance[edgeDestination] = newDistance;
}
}
}
// Remove source vertex from path distance dictionary
pathDistance.Remove(source);
shortestPaths = new UnweightedGraphShortestPaths <TVertex>(source, previousVertices, pathDistance);
return(true);
}
/// <summary>
/// Uses Dijkstra's algorithm to compute the shortest paths in an unweighted graph. Shortest paths are computed with the distance between the vertices. Returns an <see cref="UnweightedGraphShortestPaths{TVertex}"/> object containg the shortest paths.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TVertex">The data type of the vertices. TVertex implements <see cref="IComparable{T}"/>.</typeparam>
/// <param name="graph">The graph structure that implements <see cref="IGraph{TVertex}"/>.</param>
/// <param name="source">The source vertex for which the shortest paths are computed.</param>
/// <returns>Returns a <see cref="UnweightedGraphShortestPaths{TVertex}"/> containing the shortest paths for the given source vertex.</returns>
public static UnweightedGraphShortestPaths <TVertex> DijkstraShortestPaths <TVertex>(this IGraph <TVertex> graph, TVertex source)
where TVertex : IComparable <TVertex>
{
if (!graph.ContainsVertex(source))
{
throw new ArgumentException("Vertex does not belong to the graph!");
}
// A dictionary holding a vertex as key and its previous vertex in the path as value.
var previousVertices = new Dictionary <TVertex, TVertex>();
// A dictionary holding a vertex as key and the distance from the source vertex as value.
var pathDistance = new Dictionary <TVertex, int>();
// Comparer for the key-value pair in the sorted set
var kvpComparer = Comparer <KeyValuePair <int, TVertex> > .Create((x, y) =>
{
var cmp = x.Key.CompareTo(y.Key);
if (cmp == 0)
{
cmp = x.Value.CompareTo(y.Value);
}
return(cmp);
});
// Sorted set containing the vertices for computing. Having a kvp with the distance from the source vertex as a key and the vertex as a value
var priorityQueue = new MinPriorityQueue <int, TVertex>(kvpComparer);
// Add the source vertex
priorityQueue.Enqueue(0, source);
while (priorityQueue.Count > 0)
{
var curKVP = priorityQueue.Dequeue();
TVertex curVertex = curKVP.Value;
int curDistance = curKVP.Key;
foreach (var edge in graph.OutgoingEdgesSorted(curVertex))
{
var edgeDestination = edge.Destination;
// If the edge destination is the source we continue with the next edge
if (object.Equals(source, edgeDestination))
{
continue;
}
int newDistance = curDistance + 1;
// If this distance is bigger or equal than an already computed distance we continue with the next edge
if (pathDistance.ContainsKey(edgeDestination))
{
if (newDistance.CompareTo(pathDistance[edgeDestination]) >= 0)
{
continue;
}
}
// Else we save the path
previousVertices[edgeDestination] = curVertex;
pathDistance[edgeDestination] = newDistance;
// Add the destination vertex for computing
priorityQueue.Enqueue(newDistance, edgeDestination);
}
}
var shortestPaths = new UnweightedGraphShortestPaths <TVertex>(source, previousVertices, pathDistance);
return(shortestPaths);
}