public void TestStateToggling()
{
var solver = new CharSetSolver(BitWidth.BV64);
List<char> alph = new List<char> { 'a', 'b' };
HashSet<char> al = new HashSet<char>(alph);
var a = solver.MkCharConstraint(false, 'a');
var b = solver.MkCharConstraint(false, 'b');
var moves = new List<Move<BDD>>();
moves.Add(new Move<BDD>(0, 0, a));
moves.Add(new Move<BDD>(0, 1, b));
moves.Add(new Move<BDD>(1, 1, a));
moves.Add(new Move<BDD>(1, 2, b));
moves.Add(new Move<BDD>(2, 2, a));
moves.Add(new Move<BDD>(2, 3, b));
moves.Add(new Move<BDD>(3, 3, a));
moves.Add(new Move<BDD>(3, 3, b));
var nfa1 = Automaton<BDD>.Create(0, new int[] { 0, 3 }, moves);
var moves1 = new List<Move<BDD>>();
moves1.Add(new Move<BDD>(0, 0, a));
moves1.Add(new Move<BDD>(0, 1, b));
moves1.Add(new Move<BDD>(1, 1, a));
moves1.Add(new Move<BDD>(1, 2, b));
moves1.Add(new Move<BDD>(2, 2, a));
moves1.Add(new Move<BDD>(2, 3, b));
moves1.Add(new Move<BDD>(3, 3, a));
moves1.Add(new Move<BDD>(3, 3, b));
var nfa2 = Automaton<BDD>.Create(0, new int[] { 3 }, moves1);
NFAEditDistanceProvider nfaedp = new NFAEditDistanceProvider(nfa1, al, solver, timeout);
var distanceNfa1Nfa2 = nfaedp.GetNFAOptimalEdit(nfa2);
Assert.IsTrue(distanceNfa1Nfa2.GetCost() == 1);
}
/// <summary>
/// Computes the grade for attempt using all the possible metrics
/// </summary>
/// <param name="solutionNFA">correct nfa</param>
/// <param name="attemptNFA">nfa to be graded</param>
/// <param name="alpahbet">input alphabet</param>
/// <param name="solver">SMT solver for char set</param>
/// <param name="timeout">timeout for the PDL enumeration (suggested > 1000)</param>
/// <param name="maxGrade">Max grade for the homework</param>
/// <param name="level">Feedback level</param>
/// <returns>Grade for nfa2</returns>
public static Pair <int, IEnumerable <NFAFeedback> > GetGrade(
Automaton <BDD> solutionNFA, Automaton <BDD> attemptNFA, HashSet <char> alphabet,
CharSetSolver solver, long timeout, int maxGrade, FeedbackLevel level)
{
var feedbacks = new List <NFAFeedback>();
int deadStateDeduction = 0;
int tooBigDeduction = 0;
int incorrectDeduction = 0;
// Remove at most a percentage of max grade when NFA is big
double maxDeductionForTooBig = ((double)maxGrade * 0.3);
double maxDeductionForDeadStates = ((double)maxGrade * 0.1);
double solutionStateCount = solutionNFA.StateCount;
double attemptStateCount = attemptNFA.StateCount;
double solutionTransCount = solutionNFA.MoveCount;
double attemptTransCount = attemptNFA.MoveCount;
NFAEditDistanceProvider nfaedp = new NFAEditDistanceProvider(solutionNFA, alphabet, solver, timeout);
//Check if using epsilon and nondeterminism
if (solutionNFA.IsEpsilonFree)
{
solutionNFA.CheckDeterminism(solver);
}
if (attemptNFA.IsEpsilonFree)
{
attemptNFA.CheckDeterminism(solver);
}
bool shouldUseEpsilon = !solutionNFA.IsEpsilonFree && attemptNFA.IsEpsilonFree;
bool shouldUseNonDet = !shouldUseEpsilon && !solutionNFA.isDeterministic && attemptNFA.isDeterministic;
//Check if solution has dead states and remove if it does
var statesBeforeDeadStatesElimination = attemptNFA.StateCount;
attemptNFA.EliminateDeadStates();
var solutionHasDeadStates = attemptNFA.StateCount < statesBeforeDeadStatesElimination;
//Start checking equiv
bool areEquivalent = solutionNFA.IsEquivalentWith(attemptNFA, solver);
if (areEquivalent)
{
// prompt nfa is correct
feedbacks.Insert(0, new NFAStringFeedback(level, alphabet, solver, "Your NFA accepts the CORRECT language."));
#region Check number of states and decrease grade if too big
int stateDiff = (int)(attemptStateCount - solutionStateCount);
int transDiff = (int)(attemptTransCount - solutionTransCount);
//If is not minimal apply deduction and compute edit
if (stateDiff > 0 || transDiff > 0)
{
#region Try to collapse for feedback
// Try to find a way to collaps states or remove states and transitions to make the NFA smaller
NFAEditScript collapseScript = null;
var edit = nfaedp.NFACollapseSearch(attemptNFA);
if (edit != null)
{
collapseScript = new NFAEditScript();
collapseScript.script.Insert(0, edit);
}
feedbacks.Add(new NFANotMinimalFeedback(level, alphabet, stateDiff, transDiff, collapseScript, solver));
#endregion
#region Compute tooBigDeduction
if (stateDiff > 0)
{
// ((att/sol)^2)-1
var stateRatio = attemptStateCount / solutionStateCount;
var stateRatioSqM1 = Math.Pow(stateRatio, 2) - 1;
var sclaedStateRatio = stateRatioSqM1 * maxDeductionForTooBig / 2;
tooBigDeduction = (int)Math.Round(Math.Min(sclaedStateRatio, maxDeductionForTooBig));
}
else
{
if (transDiff > 0)
{
// ((att/sol)^2)-1
var transRatio = attemptTransCount / solutionTransCount;
var transRatioSqM1 = Math.Pow(transRatio, 2) - 1;
var sclaedTransRatio = transRatioSqM1 * maxDeductionForTooBig / 2;
tooBigDeduction = (int)Math.Round(Math.Min(sclaedTransRatio, maxDeductionForTooBig));
}
}
//Make sure deduction is positive
tooBigDeduction = Math.Max(tooBigDeduction, 0);
#endregion
}
#endregion
}
else
{
// prompt nfa is incorrect
feedbacks.Add(new NFAStringFeedback(level, alphabet, solver, "Your NFA does NOT accept the correct langauge."));
//inequivalent, try using grading metrics and based on winning metric give feedback
int remainingGrade = maxGrade - tooBigDeduction;
#region metric computation
//compute deterministic versions
var solutionNFAdet = solutionNFA.RemoveEpsilons(solver.MkOr).Determinize(solver).MakeTotal(solver).Minimize(solver);
var attemptNFAdet = attemptNFA.RemoveEpsilons(solver.MkOr).Determinize(solver).MakeTotal(solver).Minimize(solver);
solutionNFAdet.EliminateDeadStates();
attemptNFAdet.EliminateDeadStates();
//compute density
double densityRatio = DFADensity.GetDFADifferenceRatio(solutionNFAdet, attemptNFAdet, alphabet, solver);
//compute edit distance
double nfaED = 2;
var editScript = nfaedp.GetNFAOptimalEdit(attemptNFA);
if (editScript != null)
{
nfaED = ((double)(editScript.GetCost())) / ((double)((solutionNFA.StateCount + 1) * alphabet.Count));
}
#endregion
#region metrics scaling
var scalingSquareDensity = 1; var multv2 = 0.5;
var scalingSquareDFAED = 1.03;
var scaledDensityRatio = (scalingSquareDensity + (multv2 * densityRatio)) * (scalingSquareDensity + (multv2 * densityRatio)) - scalingSquareDensity * scalingSquareDensity;
var scaledNfaED = (scalingSquareDFAED + nfaED) * (scalingSquareDFAED + nfaED) - scalingSquareDFAED * scalingSquareDFAED;
//If the edit script was not computed make sure it loses.
if (editScript == null)
{
scaledNfaED = Double.MaxValue;
}
//Select dominating Feedback based on grade
double unscaledGrade = Math.Min(scaledDensityRatio, scaledNfaED);
var dfaedwins = scaledNfaED <= scaledDensityRatio;
var densitywins = scaledDensityRatio <= scaledNfaED;
incorrectDeduction = (int)Math.Round(unscaledGrade * (double)(maxGrade));
#endregion
//If edit distance search works, provides feedback based upon result
//Otherwise, gives counterexample feedback
if (level != FeedbackLevel.Minimal)
{
if (dfaedwins)
{
feedbacks.Add(new NFAEDFeedback(solutionNFA, attemptNFA, level, alphabet, editScript, solver));
}
else
{
feedbacks.Add(new NFACounterexampleFeedback(level, alphabet, solutionNFAdet, attemptNFAdet, solver));
}
}
}
// Feedback related to nondeterminism and epislon
if (shouldUseEpsilon)
{
feedbacks.Add(new NFAStringFeedback(level, alphabet, solver, "You should try using epsilon transitions."));
}
if (shouldUseNonDet)
{
feedbacks.Add(new NFAStringFeedback(level, alphabet, solver, "You should try using nondeterminism."));
}
// Deduct points and prompt feedback is solution has dead states
if (solutionHasDeadStates)
{
deadStateDeduction = (int)maxDeductionForDeadStates;
feedbacks.Add(new NFAStringFeedback(level, alphabet, solver, "Your NFA has some dead states."));
}
//Grade computation
//changed to be binary, because we did not tell them of the deductions
//int grade = Math.Max(maxGrade - deadStateDeduction - tooBigDeduction - incorrectDeduction, 0);
//int grade = areEquivalent ? maxGrade : 0;
// This requires further testing, but appears to grade ok, 0 points for empty automaton and full points for something in between
int grade = Math.Max(maxGrade - incorrectDeduction, 0);
return(new Pair <int, IEnumerable <NFAFeedback> >(grade, feedbacks));
}
/// <summary>
/// Computes the grade for attempt using all the possible metrics
/// </summary>
/// <param name="solutionNFA">correct nfa</param>
/// <param name="attemptNFA">nfa to be graded</param>
/// <param name="alpahbet">input alphabet</param>
/// <param name="solver">SMT solver for char set</param>
/// <param name="timeout">timeout for the PDL enumeration (suggested > 1000)</param>
/// <param name="maxGrade">Max grade for the homework</param>
/// <param name="level">Feedback level</param>
/// <returns>Grade for nfa2</returns>
public static Pair<int, IEnumerable<NFAFeedback>> GetGrade(
Automaton<BDD> solutionNFA, Automaton<BDD> attemptNFA, HashSet<char> alphabet,
CharSetSolver solver, long timeout, int maxGrade, FeedbackLevel level)
{
var feedbacks = new List<NFAFeedback>();
int deadStateDeduction = 0;
int tooBigDeduction = 0;
int incorrectDeduction = 0;
// Remove at most a percentage of max grade when NFA is big
double maxDeductionForTooBig = ((double)maxGrade * 0.3);
double maxDeductionForDeadStates = ((double)maxGrade * 0.1);
double solutionStateCount = solutionNFA.StateCount;
double attemptStateCount = attemptNFA.StateCount;
double solutionTransCount = solutionNFA.MoveCount;
double attemptTransCount = attemptNFA.MoveCount;
NFAEditDistanceProvider nfaedp = new NFAEditDistanceProvider(solutionNFA, alphabet, solver, timeout);
//Check if using epsilon and nondeterminism
if (solutionNFA.IsEpsilonFree)
solutionNFA.CheckDeterminism(solver);
if (attemptNFA.IsEpsilonFree)
attemptNFA.CheckDeterminism(solver);
bool shouldUseEpsilon = !solutionNFA.IsEpsilonFree && attemptNFA.IsEpsilonFree;
bool shouldUseNonDet = !shouldUseEpsilon && !solutionNFA.isDeterministic && attemptNFA.isDeterministic;
//Check if solution has dead states and remove if it does
var statesBeforeDeadStatesElimination = attemptNFA.StateCount;
attemptNFA.EliminateDeadStates();
var solutionHasDeadStates = attemptNFA.StateCount < statesBeforeDeadStatesElimination;
//Start checking equiv
bool areEquivalent = solutionNFA.IsEquivalentWith(attemptNFA, solver);
if (areEquivalent)
{
// prompt nfa is correct
feedbacks.Insert(0, new NFAStringFeedback(level, alphabet, solver, "Your NFA accepts the CORRECT language."));
#region Check number of states and decrease grade if too big
int stateDiff = (int)(attemptStateCount - solutionStateCount);
int transDiff = (int)(attemptTransCount - solutionTransCount);
//If is not minimal apply deduction and compute edit
if (stateDiff > 0 || transDiff > 0)
{
#region Try to collapse for feedback
// Try to find a way to collaps states or remove states and transitions to make the NFA smaller
NFAEditScript collapseScript = null;
var edit = nfaedp.NFACollapseSearch(attemptNFA);
if (edit != null)
{
collapseScript = new NFAEditScript();
collapseScript.script.Insert(0, edit);
}
feedbacks.Add(new NFANotMinimalFeedback(level, alphabet, stateDiff, transDiff, collapseScript, solver));
#endregion
#region Compute tooBigDeduction
if (stateDiff > 0)
{
// ((att/sol)^2)-1
var stateRatio = attemptStateCount / solutionStateCount;
var stateRatioSqM1 = Math.Pow(stateRatio, 2) - 1;
var sclaedStateRatio = stateRatioSqM1 * maxDeductionForTooBig / 2;
tooBigDeduction = (int)Math.Round(Math.Min(sclaedStateRatio, maxDeductionForTooBig));
}
else
{
if (transDiff > 0)
{
// ((att/sol)^2)-1
var transRatio = attemptTransCount / solutionTransCount;
var transRatioSqM1 = Math.Pow(transRatio, 2) - 1;
var sclaedTransRatio = transRatioSqM1 * maxDeductionForTooBig / 2;
tooBigDeduction = (int)Math.Round(Math.Min(sclaedTransRatio, maxDeductionForTooBig));
}
}
//Make sure deduction is positive
tooBigDeduction = Math.Max(tooBigDeduction, 0);
#endregion
}
#endregion
}
else
{
// prompt nfa is incorrect
feedbacks.Add(new NFAStringFeedback(level, alphabet, solver, "Your NFA does NOT accept the correct langauge."));
//inequivalent, try using grading metrics and based on winning metric give feedback
int remainingGrade = maxGrade - tooBigDeduction;
#region metric computation
//compute deterministic versions
var solutionNFAdet = solutionNFA.RemoveEpsilons(solver.MkOr).Determinize(solver).MakeTotal(solver).Minimize(solver);
var attemptNFAdet = attemptNFA.RemoveEpsilons(solver.MkOr).Determinize(solver).MakeTotal(solver).Minimize(solver);
solutionNFAdet.EliminateDeadStates();
attemptNFAdet.EliminateDeadStates();
//compute density
double densityRatio = DFADensity.GetDFADifferenceRatio(solutionNFAdet, attemptNFAdet, alphabet, solver);
//compute edit distance
double nfaED = 2;
var editScript = nfaedp.GetNFAOptimalEdit(attemptNFA);
if (editScript != null)
nfaED = ((double)(editScript.GetCost())) / ((double)((solutionNFA.StateCount + 1) * alphabet.Count));
#endregion
#region metrics scaling
var scalingSquareDensity = 1; var multv2 = 0.5;
var scalingSquareDFAED = 1.03;
var scaledDensityRatio = (scalingSquareDensity + (multv2 * densityRatio)) * (scalingSquareDensity + (multv2 * densityRatio)) - scalingSquareDensity * scalingSquareDensity;
var scaledNfaED = (scalingSquareDFAED + nfaED) * (scalingSquareDFAED + nfaED) - scalingSquareDFAED * scalingSquareDFAED;
//If the edit script was not computed make sure it loses.
if (editScript == null)
scaledNfaED = Double.MaxValue;
//Select dominating Feedback based on grade
double unscaledGrade = Math.Min(scaledDensityRatio, scaledNfaED);
var dfaedwins = scaledNfaED <= scaledDensityRatio;
var densitywins = scaledDensityRatio <= scaledNfaED;
incorrectDeduction = (int)Math.Round(unscaledGrade * (double)(maxGrade));
#endregion
//If edit distance search works, provides feedback based upon result
//Otherwise, gives counterexample feedback
if (level != FeedbackLevel.Minimal)
{
if (dfaedwins)
feedbacks.Add(new NFAEDFeedback(solutionNFA, attemptNFA, level, alphabet, editScript, solver));
else
feedbacks.Add(new NFACounterexampleFeedback(level, alphabet, solutionNFAdet, attemptNFAdet, solver));
}
}
// Feedback related to nondeterminism and epislon
if (shouldUseEpsilon)
feedbacks.Add(new NFAStringFeedback(level, alphabet, solver, "You should try using epsilon transitions."));
if (shouldUseNonDet)
feedbacks.Add(new NFAStringFeedback(level, alphabet, solver, "You should try using nondeterminism."));
// Deduct points and prompt feedback is solution has dead states
if (solutionHasDeadStates)
{
deadStateDeduction = (int)maxDeductionForDeadStates;
feedbacks.Add(new NFAStringFeedback(level, alphabet, solver, "Your NFA has some dead states."));
}
//Grade computation
int grade = Math.Max(maxGrade - deadStateDeduction - tooBigDeduction - incorrectDeduction, 0);
return new Pair<int, IEnumerable<NFAFeedback>>(grade, feedbacks);
}