static void Main(string[] args)
{
sbyte valueSByte = -100;
byte valueByte = 100;
short valueShort = -20000;
ushort valueUSShort = 50000;
int valueInt = 100000000;
uint valueUInt = 400000000;
long valueLong = -800000000000;
ulong valueULong = 90000000000000000;
//実数型
float valueFloat = 3.1415F;
double valueDouble = 3.14159263535;
//文字型
char valueChar = 'A';
string valueString = "C# PROGRAM";
//論理型
bool valueBool = true;
Console.WriteLine("{1} :{0}", valueSByte, valueSByte.GetType().Name);
Console.WriteLine("{1} :{0}", valueByte, valueByte.GetType().Name);
Console.WriteLine("{1} :{0}", valueShort, valueShort.GetType().Name);
Console.WriteLine("{1} :{0}", valueUSShort, valueUSShort.GetType().Name);
Console.WriteLine("{1} :{0}", valueInt, valueInt.GetType().Name);
Console.WriteLine("{1} :{0}", valueUInt, valueUInt.GetType().Name);
Console.WriteLine("{1} :{0}", valueLong, valueLong.GetType().Name);
Console.WriteLine("{1} :{0}", valueULong, valueULong.GetType().Name);
Console.WriteLine("{1} :{0}", valueFloat, valueFloat.GetType().Name);
}
private static void ConvertHexToByte()
{
// <Snippet4>
// Create a negative hexadecimal value out of range of the Byte type.
sbyte sourceNumber = SByte.MinValue;
bool isSigned = Math.Sign((sbyte)sourceNumber.GetType().GetField("MinValue").GetValue(null)) == -1;
string value = sourceNumber.ToString("X");
byte targetNumber;
try
{
targetNumber = Convert.ToByte(value, 16);
if (isSigned && ((targetNumber & 0x80) != 0))
{
throw new OverflowException();
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("0x{0} converts to {1}.", value, targetNumber);
}
}
catch (OverflowException)
{
Console.WriteLine("Unable to convert '0x{0}' to an unsigned byte.", value);
}
// Displays the following to the console:
// Unable to convert '0x80' to an unsigned byte.
// </Snippet4>
}
public static void Execute()
{
// Declare variables
ushort unsignedShort = 52130;
sbyte shortByte = -115;
int integer = 4825932;
byte _byte = 97;
short _short = -10000;
short _short1 = 20000;
byte _byte1 = 224;
int integer1 = 970700000;
byte _byte2 = 112;
sbyte shortByte1 = -44;
int integer2 = -1000000;
short _short2 = 1990;
ulong unsignedLong = 123456789123456789;
// Show variables in console
Console.WriteLine(unsignedShort.GetType() + " : " + unsignedShort.ToString());
Console.WriteLine(shortByte.GetType() + " : " + shortByte.ToString());
Console.WriteLine(integer.GetType() + " : " + integer.ToString());
Console.WriteLine(_byte.GetType() + " : " + _byte.ToString());
Console.WriteLine(_short.GetType() + " : " + _short.ToString());
Console.WriteLine(_short1.GetType() + " : " + _short1.ToString());
Console.WriteLine(_byte1.GetType() + " : " + _byte1.ToString());
Console.WriteLine(integer1.GetType() + " : " + integer1.ToString());
Console.WriteLine(_byte2.GetType() + " : " + _byte2.ToString());
Console.WriteLine(shortByte1.GetType() + " : " + shortByte1.ToString());
Console.WriteLine(integer2.GetType() + " : " + integer2.ToString());
Console.WriteLine(_short2.GetType() + " : " + _short2.ToString());
Console.WriteLine(unsignedLong.GetType() + " : " + unsignedLong.ToString());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Source: https://introprogramming.info/english-intro-csharp-book/read-online/chapter-2-primitive-types-and-variables/#_Toc362296391");
Console.WriteLine("Exercise 1" + Environment.NewLine);
sbyte num1 = 52;
byte num2 = 130;
sbyte num3 = -115;
int num4 = 4825932;
sbyte num5 = 97;
short num6 = -10000;
short num7 = 20000;
byte num8 = 224;
int num9 = 970700000;
sbyte num10 = 112;
sbyte num11 = -44;
int num12 = -1000000;
short num13 = 1990;
long num14 = 123456789123456789;
Console.WriteLine($"Number {num1} it type {num1.GetType()}.");
Console.WriteLine($"Number {num2} it type {num2.GetType()}.");
Console.WriteLine($"Number {num3} it type {num3.GetType()}.");
Console.WriteLine($"Number {num4} it type {num4.GetType()}.");
Console.WriteLine($"Number {num5} it type {num5.GetType()}.");
Console.WriteLine($"Number {num6} it type {num6.GetType()}.");
Console.WriteLine($"Number {num7} it type {num7.GetType()}.");
Console.WriteLine($"Number {num8} it type {num8.GetType()}.");
Console.WriteLine($"Number {num9} it type {num9.GetType()}.");
Console.WriteLine($"Number {num10} it type {num10.GetType()}.");
Console.WriteLine($"Number {num11} it type {num11.GetType()}.");
Console.WriteLine($"Number {num12} it type {num12.GetType()}.");
Console.WriteLine($"Number {num13} it type {num13.GetType()}.");
Console.WriteLine($"Number {num14} it type {num14.GetType()}.");
}
public static void Test2()
{
byte value = 241;
//int value = 65546; //65546 = 65536 + 10
//int value = 65535;
//int value = 131071; //131071 = 65536 + 65535
//注意在checked上下文（或检查的上下文）中，
// 强制转换或转换操作尝试执行收缩转换时若
// 源数据类型的值超出了目标数据类型的范围时：
// 也会抛出OverflowException异常
checked //←★试试去掉或加上 checked: 无checked的情形参考Test3()
{
try
{
sbyte newValue = (sbyte)value;
Console.WriteLine("Converted the {0} value {1} to the {2} value {3}.",
value.GetType().Name, value,
newValue.GetType().Name, newValue);
}
catch (OverflowException)
{
Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0} > {1}.", value, SByte.MaxValue);
}
}
// The example displays the following output:
// Exception: 241 > 127.
}
public static void Test3()
{
//要使算术运算、强制转换操作或转换操作引发 OverflowException，
// 操作必须发生在所检查的上下文中。
// 默认情况下，在 Visual Basic 中会检查数学运算和溢出；
// 而在 C# 中不检查数学运算和溢出。
// 如果操作发生在未检查的上下文中，计算的结果被截断。
//byte value = 241;
//int value = 65546; //65546 = 65536 + 10
//int value = 65535;
int value = 131071; //131071 = 65536 + 65535
try
{
sbyte newValue = (sbyte)value;
Console.WriteLine("Converted the {0} value {1} to the {2} value {3}.",
value.GetType().Name, value,
newValue.GetType().Name, newValue);
}
catch (OverflowException)
{
Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0} > {1}.", value, SByte.MaxValue);
}
// The example displays the following output:
// Converted the Byte value 241 to the SByte value -15.
}
public static void Test1()//值类型：整型、浮点型、布尔型、字符型
{
#region 整型
sbyte sbyteMin = -128, sbyteMax = 127;
byte byteMin = 0, byteMax = 255;
short shortMin = -32768, shortMax = 32767;
ushort ushortMin = 0, ushortMax = 65535;
int intMin = -2147483648, intMax = 2147483647;
uint uintMin = 0, uintMax = 4294967295;
long longMin = -9223372036854775808, longMax = 9223372036854775807;
ulong ulongMin = 0, ulongMax = 18446744073709551615;
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}, {2}", sbyteMin, sbyteMin.GetType(), typeof(sbyte));
/* 若超过取值范围会发生数据溢出，得到不正确的结果。*/
#endregion
#region 浮点型
/*小数默认是double类型，double比float精确；
* decimal用于统计、金融和货币方面的计算，有很高的精确度，但取值范围远小于double。*/
float float1 = -123456789.123456789f, float2 = 123456789.123456789f;
double double1 = -123456789.123456789, double2 = 123456789.123456789;
decimal decimal1 = -123456789.123456789m, decimal2 = 123456789.123456789m;
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}, {2}", float1, float1.GetType(), typeof(float));
#endregion
#region 布尔型
bool bool1 = true, bool2 = false;//和其他变量类型不存在转换关系
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}, {2}", bool1, bool1.GetType(), typeof(bool));
#endregion
#region 字符型
char char1 = 'a', char2 = 'b';
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}, {2}", char1, char1.GetType(), typeof(char));
Console.WriteLine("转义字符：\' \"");//字符类型还有转义字符
#endregion
#region 字符串型
string s1 = "Sophie";
String s2 = "Sophie";
StringBuilder s3 = new StringBuilder("Sophie");//用此类对象操作字符串比用string省内存
string s4 = " Jill ";
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}, {2}", typeof(string), typeof(string) == typeof(String), typeof(StringBuilder));
Console.WriteLine("Length: {0}. {1}, {2}. Length2: {3}", s4.Length, s4.TrimEnd('i', ' ', 'e'), s4.TrimStart('S', ' '), s4.Trim().Length);
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}, {2}", String.Compare("a", "b"), String.Compare("b", "a"), String.Compare("a", "a")); //-1,1,0
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}, {2}", s1.Equals(s2), s1.Equals("Sophie"), s1.Equals(s3)); //true,true,false
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}, {2}", s1 == s2, s1 == "Sophie", s1.GetType() == s3.GetType()); //true,true,false
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}, {2}", s1.StartsWith("So"), s1.EndsWith("ie"), s1.Contains("ph")); //true,true,true
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}", s4.IndexOf('l'), s4.IndexOf('l', 4), s4.IndexOf('l', 5), s4.IndexOf("ll"), s4.LastIndexOf('l')); //3,4,-1,3,4
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}", s1.Remove(2), s1.Remove(2, 1), s1.Replace("e", "a"), s1.Substring(2), s1.Substring(2, 2)); //So,Sohie,Sophia,phie,ph
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}, {2}, {3}", s1.Insert(0, "2"), s1.Insert(1, "2"), s1.Insert(5, "2"), s1.Insert(6, "2")); //2Sophie,S2ophie,Sophi2e,Sophie2
foreach (string str in "Sophie,Jill,Ada,Claire".Split(','))
{
Console.Write(str + " | ");
}
Console.WriteLine();
string[] strs = { "Sophie", "Jill", "Ada", "Claire" };
Console.WriteLine(String.Join(", ", strs));
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", s2.PadLeft(12, '0'), s2.PadRight(12, '0'));
Console.WriteLine(new char[] { 'H', 'a', 'r', 'r', 'y', ' ', 'P', 'o', 't', 't', 'e', 'r' });
#endregion
const int CONST1 = 1;//定义常量（非变量，不可二次赋值）
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
short a = 123;
object o = a;
sbyte A = (sbyte)(short)o;
Console.WriteLine(A + " " + A.GetType());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
short forBoxing = 8;
object boxing = forBoxing;
sbyte unboxing = Convert.ToSByte(boxing);
Console.WriteLine(unboxing + " " + unboxing.GetType());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
short value = 5;
object valueO = value;
sbyte valueB = (sbyte)(short)valueO;
Console.WriteLine($"Type :{valueB.GetType()}, Value {valueB} ");
}
sbyte compareSByte(sbyte b, sbyte b2)
{
if (b == b2)
{
return(b);
}
throw new IllegalStateException("Not got expected value for type: " + b2.GetType().ToString());
}
static void Task4()
{
short num = 123;
int num2 = num;
sbyte num3 = (sbyte)num2;
Console.WriteLine("result num: " + num3 + "\n" +
"num type " + num3.GetType());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
short a = 150;
object o = a;
sbyte b = (sbyte)(short)o;
Console.WriteLine(b);
Console.WriteLine(b.GetType());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
short num1 = 10;
object obj1 = num1;
sbyte num2 = (sbyte)(short)obj1;
Console.WriteLine(num2);
Console.WriteLine(num2.GetType());
}
private void sb_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
sbyte sb = 0;
result = "ค่า MIN : " + sbyte.MinValue.ToString() + Environment.NewLine;
result += "ค่า MAX : " + sbyte.MaxValue.ToString() + Environment.NewLine;
result += "TYPE : " + sb.GetType().ToString();
MessageBox.Show(result.ToString(), "SByte");
}
static void GetType()
{
sbyte num = 0;
object exampleBoxing = num;
sbyte exampleUnboxing = (sbyte)exampleBoxing;
Console.WriteLine(exampleUnboxing.GetType());
Console.WriteLine(exampleUnboxing);
}
static void Task4()
{
short box = 23;
object _short = box;
short unbox = (short)_short;
sbyte nwsByte = (sbyte)unbox;
Console.WriteLine(nwsByte.GetType());
Console.WriteLine(unbox);
}
static void Task4()
{
short firstValue = 5;
Object obj = firstValue;
obj = (sbyte)firstValue;
sbyte secondValue = (sbyte)obj;
Console.WriteLine($"{obj} {secondValue.GetType()}");
}
private static void boxingUnboxing()
{
short shortVal = 1;
object objValBox = shortVal;
Console.WriteLine($"Boxing: {objValBox}, type:{objValBox.GetType()}");
sbyte sbValUnbox = (sbyte)(short)objValBox;//System.InvalidCastException?!
Console.WriteLine($"UnBoxing: {sbValUnbox}, type:{sbValUnbox.GetType()}");
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Utility.Inizia();
byte v1 = new byte();
v1 = 10;
Console.WriteLine("{0,-16:X}|{1}|{2}", v1.GetHashCode(), v1.GetType(), v1.GetTypeCode());
sbyte v2 = new sbyte();
v2 = 11;
Console.WriteLine("{0,-16:X}|{1}|{2}", v2.GetHashCode(), v2.GetType(), v2.GetTypeCode());
short v3 = new short();
v3 = 12;
Console.WriteLine("{0,-16:X}|{1}|{2}", v3.GetHashCode(), v3.GetType(), v3.GetTypeCode());
ushort v4 = new ushort();
v4 = 13;
Console.WriteLine("{0,-16:X}|{1}|{2}", v4.GetHashCode(), v4.GetType(), v4.GetTypeCode());
float v5 = new float();
v5 = 14.0F;
Console.WriteLine("{0,-16:X}|{1}|{2}", v5.GetHashCode(), v5.GetType(), v5.GetTypeCode());
double v6 = new double();
v6 = 14.0D;
Console.WriteLine("{0,-16:X}|{1}|{2}", v6.GetHashCode(), v6.GetType(), v6.GetTypeCode());
decimal v7 = new decimal();
v7 = 15.0M;
Console.WriteLine("{0,-16:X}|{1}|{2}", v7.GetHashCode(), v7.GetType(), v7.GetTypeCode());
Console.WriteLine("The size of sbyte is {0}.", sizeof(sbyte));
Console.WriteLine("The size of byte is {0}.", sizeof(byte));
Console.WriteLine("The size of short is {0}.", sizeof(short));
Console.WriteLine("The size of ushort is {0}.", sizeof(ushort));
Console.WriteLine("The size of int is {0}.", sizeof(int));
Console.WriteLine("The size of uint is {0}.", sizeof(uint));
Console.WriteLine("The size of long is {0}.", sizeof(long));
Console.WriteLine("The size of ulong is {0}.", sizeof(ulong));
Console.WriteLine("The size of char is {0}.", sizeof(char));
Console.WriteLine("The size of float is {0}.", sizeof(float));
Console.WriteLine("The size of double is {0}.", sizeof(double));
Console.WriteLine("The size of decimal is {0}.", sizeof(decimal));
Console.WriteLine("The size of bool is {0}.", sizeof(bool));
Utility.Ferma();
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
short x = 10;
object obj_short;
obj_short = x;
sbyte y = (sbyte)(short)obj_short;
Console.WriteLine(y);
Console.WriteLine(y.GetType());
}
public static bool testMethod()
{
sbyte b = 0;
if (b.GetType() == Type.GetType("System.SByte"))
{
return(true);
}
else
{
return(false);
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int a1 = 13;
System.Int32 a2 = 14;
sbyte a3 = 15;
System.SByte a4 = 16;
Console.WriteLine("a1: " + a1.GetType());
Console.WriteLine("a2: " + a2.GetType());
Console.WriteLine("a3: " + a3.GetType());
Console.WriteLine("a4: " + a4.GetType());
}
static void Main()
{
ushort firstNumber = 52130;
sbyte secondNumber = -115;
uint thirdNumber = 4825932;
byte fourthNumber = 97;
short fifthNumber = -10000;
Console.WriteLine("First number - {0} ({1})", firstNumber, firstNumber.GetType());
Console.WriteLine("Second number - {0} ({1})", secondNumber, secondNumber.GetType());
Console.WriteLine("Third number - {0} ({1})", thirdNumber, thirdNumber.GetType());
Console.WriteLine("Fourth number - {0} ({1})", fourthNumber, fourthNumber.GetType());
Console.WriteLine("Fifth number - {0} ({1})", fifthNumber, fifthNumber.GetType());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ushort num1 = 52130;
sbyte num2 = -115;
int num3 = 4825932;
byte num4 = 97;
short num5 = -10000;
Console.WriteLine(num1 + " = " + num1.GetType());
Console.WriteLine(num2 + " = " + num2.GetType());
Console.WriteLine(num3 + " = " + num3.GetType());
Console.WriteLine(num4 + " = " + num4.GetType());
Console.WriteLine(num5 + " = " + num5.GetType());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//Vereinbarung der Variablen
byte byteVariable = 255;
sbyte sbyteVariable = 1;
short int16Variable = 1;
ushort uInt16Variable = 1;
int int32Variable = 1;
uint uInt32Variable = 1;
long int64Variable = 1;
ulong uInt64Variable = 1;
float float32Variable = 1;
double double64Variable = 1;
//Ausgabe der Tabelle
//bitte jeweils in einer Zeile eingeben
Console.WriteLine("{0}\tvon {1} bis {2}",
byteVariable.GetType(), byte.MinValue, byte.MaxValue);
Console.WriteLine("{0}\tvon {1} bis {2}",
sbyteVariable.GetType(), sbyte.MinValue, sbyte.MaxValue);
Console.WriteLine("{0}\tvon {1} bis {2}",
int16Variable.GetType(), short.MinValue, short.MaxValue);
Console.WriteLine("{0}\tvon {1} bis {2}",
uInt16Variable.GetType(), ushort.MinValue, ushort.MaxValue);
Console.WriteLine("{0}\tvon {1} bis {2}",
int32Variable.GetType(), int.MinValue, int.MaxValue);
Console.WriteLine("{0}\tvon {1} bis {2}",
uInt32Variable.GetType(), uint.MinValue, uint.MaxValue);
Console.WriteLine("{0}\tvon {1} bis {2}",
int64Variable.GetType(), long.MinValue, long.MaxValue);
Console.WriteLine("{0}\tvon {1} bis {2}",
uInt64Variable.GetType(), ulong.MinValue, ulong.MaxValue);
Console.WriteLine("{0}\tvon {1} bis {2}",
float32Variable.GetType(), float.MinValue, float.MaxValue);
Console.WriteLine("{0}\tvon {1} bis {2}",
double64Variable.GetType(), double.MinValue, double.MaxValue);
//bitte in einer Zeile eingeben
Console.WriteLine("Die Variable hat den Wert: {0}", byteVariable);
//jetzt erhöhen wir den Wert um 1 über den
//Inkrement Operator
byteVariable++;
//bitte in einer Zeile angeben
Console.WriteLine("255 + 1 ist gleich {0}????", byteVariable);
}
static void Main(string[] args) //注意 Main 大写
{
//变量都在System中定义
//整形
sbyte sb = 0; //8位有符号整数
short s = 0; //16位有符号整数
int i = 0; //32位有符号整数
long l = 0l; //64位有符号整数
byte b = 0; //8位无符号整数
ushort us = 0; //16位无符号整数
uint ui = 0u; //32位无符号整数
ulong ul = 0ul; //64位有符号整数
Console.WriteLine(sb.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.SByte
Console.WriteLine(s.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.Int16
Console.WriteLine(i.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.Int32
Console.WriteLine(l.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.Int64
Console.WriteLine(b.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.Byte
Console.WriteLine(us.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.UInt16
Console.WriteLine(ui.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.UInt32
Console.WriteLine(ul.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.UInt64
//浮点型
float f = 0.0f; //32位单精度浮点数
double d = 0.0d; //64位双精度浮点数
Console.WriteLine(f.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.Single
Console.WriteLine(d.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.Double
decimal m = 0.0m; //128位高精度10进制数表示（常用于货币）
Console.WriteLine(m.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.Decimal
bool bo = false;
Console.WriteLine(bo.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.Boolean
char c = '\0';
Console.WriteLine(c.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.Char
//引用类型
object obj = c; //object对象 是 所有对象的 父对象 其类型显示为其引用类型
string str = "";
Console.WriteLine(obj.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.Char
Console.WriteLine(str.GetType().ToString()); // -> System.String
}
static void Main()
{
ushort a = 52130;
sbyte b = -115;
int c = 4825932;
byte d = 97;
short e = -10000;
// I decided to print the variables and their types.
Console.WriteLine(a + "'s data type is " + a.GetType());
Console.WriteLine(b + "'s data type is " + b.GetType());
Console.WriteLine(c + "'s data type is " + c.GetType());
Console.WriteLine(d + "'s data type is " + d.GetType());
Console.WriteLine(e + "'s data type is " + e.GetType());
}
static void Main()
{
// Declare variables
byte b = 97;
sbyte sb = -115;
short sh = -10000;
ushort ush = 52130;
uint ui = 4825932;
// Write variables and variable system type on the console
Console.WriteLine(b.GetType().Name + " : " + b);
Console.WriteLine(sb.GetType().Name + " : " + sb);
Console.WriteLine(sh.GetType().Name + " : " + sh);
Console.WriteLine(ush.GetType().Name + " : " + ush);
Console.WriteLine(ui.GetType().Name + " : " + ui);
}
private static void Unchecked()
{
// <Snippet3>
byte value = 241;
try {
sbyte newValue = (sbyte)value;
Console.WriteLine("Converted the {0} value {1} to the {2} value {3}.",
value.GetType().Name, value,
newValue.GetType().Name, newValue);
}
catch (OverflowException) {
Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0} > {1}.", value, SByte.MaxValue);
}
// The example displays the following output:
// Converted the Byte value 241 to the SByte value -15.
// </Snippet3>
}
