private void Initialize(IEnumerable <string> variableNames, int nConstants)
        {
            #region symbol declaration
            var add    = new Addition();
            var sub    = new Subtraction();
            var mul    = new Multiplication();
            var div    = new Division();
            var mean   = new Average();
            var log    = new Logarithm();
            var pow    = new Power();
            var square = new Square();
            var root   = new Root();
            var sqrt   = new SquareRoot();
            var exp    = new Exponential();

            // we use our own random number generator here because we assume
            // that grammars are only initialized once when setting the grammar in the problem.
            // This means everytime the grammar parameter in the problem is changed
            // we initialize the constants to new values
            var rand = new MersenneTwister();
            // warm up
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
            {
                rand.NextDouble();
            }

            var constants = new List <Constant>(nConstants);
            for (int i = 0; i < nConstants; i++)
            {
                var constant = new Constant();
                do
                {
                    var constVal = rand.NextDouble() * 20.0 - 10.0;
                    constant.Name             = string.Format("{0:0.000}", constVal);
                    constant.MinValue         = constVal;
                    constant.MaxValue         = constVal;
                    constant.ManipulatorSigma = 0.0;
                    constant.ManipulatorMu    = 0.0;
                    constant.MultiplicativeManipulatorSigma = 0.0;
                } while (constants.Any(c => c.Name == constant.Name)); // unlikely, but it could happen that the same constant value is sampled twice. so we resample if necessary.
                constants.Add(constant);
            }

            var variables = new List <HeuristicLab.Problems.DataAnalysis.Symbolic.Variable>();
            foreach (var variableName in variableNames)
            {
                var variableSymbol = new HeuristicLab.Problems.DataAnalysis.Symbolic.Variable();
                variableSymbol.Name = variableName;
                variableSymbol.WeightManipulatorMu    = 0.0;
                variableSymbol.WeightManipulatorSigma = 0.0;
                variableSymbol.WeightMu    = 1.0;
                variableSymbol.WeightSigma = 0.0;
                variableSymbol.MultiplicativeWeightManipulatorSigma = 0.0;
                variableSymbol.AllVariableNames = new[] { variableName };
                variableSymbol.VariableNames    = new[] { variableName };
                variables.Add(variableSymbol);
            }

            #endregion

            AddSymbol(add);
            AddSymbol(sub);
            AddSymbol(mul);
            AddSymbol(div);
            AddSymbol(mean);
            AddSymbol(log);
            AddSymbol(pow);
            AddSymbol(square);
            AddSymbol(root);
            AddSymbol(sqrt);
            AddSymbol(exp);
            constants.ForEach(AddSymbol);
            variables.ForEach(AddSymbol);

            #region subtree count configuration
            SetSubtreeCount(add, 2, 2);
            SetSubtreeCount(sub, 2, 2);
            SetSubtreeCount(mul, 2, 2);
            SetSubtreeCount(div, 2, 2);
            SetSubtreeCount(mean, 2, 2);
            SetSubtreeCount(log, 1, 1);
            SetSubtreeCount(pow, 2, 2);
            SetSubtreeCount(square, 1, 1);
            SetSubtreeCount(root, 2, 2);
            SetSubtreeCount(sqrt, 1, 1);
            SetSubtreeCount(exp, 1, 1);
            constants.ForEach((c) => SetSubtreeCount(c, 0, 0));
            variables.ForEach((v) => SetSubtreeCount(v, 0, 0));
            #endregion

            var functions       = new ISymbol[] { add, sub, mul, div, mean, log, pow, root, square, sqrt };
            var terminalSymbols = variables.Concat <ISymbol>(constants);
            var allSymbols      = functions.Concat(terminalSymbols);

            #region allowed child symbols configuration
            foreach (var s in allSymbols)
            {
                AddAllowedChildSymbol(StartSymbol, s);
            }
            foreach (var parentSymb in functions)
            {
                foreach (var childSymb in allSymbols)
                {
                    AddAllowedChildSymbol(parentSymb, childSymb);
                }
            }

            #endregion
        }
    private void Initialize(IEnumerable<string> variableNames, int nConstants) {
      #region symbol declaration
      var add = new Addition();
      var sub = new Subtraction();
      var mul = new Multiplication();
      var div = new Division();
      var mean = new Average();
      var log = new Logarithm();
      var pow = new Power();
      var square = new Square();
      var root = new Root();
      var sqrt = new SquareRoot();
      var exp = new Exponential();

      // we use our own random number generator here because we assume 
      // that grammars are only initialized once when setting the grammar in the problem.
      // This means everytime the grammar parameter in the problem is changed
      // we initialize the constants to new values
      var rand = new MersenneTwister();
      // warm up
      for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) rand.NextDouble();

      var constants = new List<Constant>(nConstants);
      for (int i = 0; i < nConstants; i++) {
        var constant = new Constant();
        do {
          var constVal = rand.NextDouble() * 20.0 - 10.0;
          constant.Name = string.Format("{0:0.000}", constVal);
          constant.MinValue = constVal;
          constant.MaxValue = constVal;
          constant.ManipulatorSigma = 0.0;
          constant.ManipulatorMu = 0.0;
          constant.MultiplicativeManipulatorSigma = 0.0;
        } while (constants.Any(c => c.Name == constant.Name)); // unlikely, but it could happen that the same constant value is sampled twice. so we resample if necessary.
        constants.Add(constant);
      }

      var variables = new List<HeuristicLab.Problems.DataAnalysis.Symbolic.Variable>();
      foreach (var variableName in variableNames) {
        var variableSymbol = new HeuristicLab.Problems.DataAnalysis.Symbolic.Variable();
        variableSymbol.Name = variableName;
        variableSymbol.WeightManipulatorMu = 0.0;
        variableSymbol.WeightManipulatorSigma = 0.0;
        variableSymbol.WeightMu = 1.0;
        variableSymbol.WeightSigma = 0.0;
        variableSymbol.MultiplicativeWeightManipulatorSigma = 0.0;
        variableSymbol.AllVariableNames = new[] { variableName };
        variableSymbol.VariableNames = new[] { variableName };
        variables.Add(variableSymbol);
      }

      #endregion

      AddSymbol(add);
      AddSymbol(sub);
      AddSymbol(mul);
      AddSymbol(div);
      AddSymbol(mean);
      AddSymbol(log);
      AddSymbol(pow);
      AddSymbol(square);
      AddSymbol(root);
      AddSymbol(sqrt);
      AddSymbol(exp);
      constants.ForEach(AddSymbol);
      variables.ForEach(AddSymbol);

      #region subtree count configuration
      SetSubtreeCount(add, 2, 2);
      SetSubtreeCount(sub, 2, 2);
      SetSubtreeCount(mul, 2, 2);
      SetSubtreeCount(div, 2, 2);
      SetSubtreeCount(mean, 2, 2);
      SetSubtreeCount(log, 1, 1);
      SetSubtreeCount(pow, 2, 2);
      SetSubtreeCount(square, 1, 1);
      SetSubtreeCount(root, 2, 2);
      SetSubtreeCount(sqrt, 1, 1);
      SetSubtreeCount(exp, 1, 1);
      constants.ForEach((c) => SetSubtreeCount(c, 0, 0));
      variables.ForEach((v) => SetSubtreeCount(v, 0, 0));
      #endregion

      var functions = new ISymbol[] { add, sub, mul, div, mean, log, pow, root, square, sqrt };
      var terminalSymbols = variables.Concat<ISymbol>(constants);
      var allSymbols = functions.Concat(terminalSymbols);

      #region allowed child symbols configuration
      foreach (var s in allSymbols) {
        AddAllowedChildSymbol(StartSymbol, s);
      }
      foreach (var parentSymb in functions)
        foreach (var childSymb in allSymbols) {
          AddAllowedChildSymbol(parentSymb, childSymb);
        }

      #endregion
    }