/// <summary>
        /// Looks for the first FederatedClientCredentialsParameters object in the ChannelParameterCollection
        /// property on the tokenRequirement.
        /// </summary>
        internal FederatedClientCredentialsParameters FindFederatedChannelParameters(SecurityTokenRequirement tokenRequirement)
        {
            FederatedClientCredentialsParameters issuedTokenClientCredentialsParameters = null;

            ChannelParameterCollection channelParameterCollection = null;

            if (tokenRequirement.TryGetProperty <ChannelParameterCollection>(
                    ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement.ChannelParametersCollectionProperty,
                    out channelParameterCollection))
            {
                if (channelParameterCollection != null)
                {
                    foreach (object obj in channelParameterCollection)
                    {
                        issuedTokenClientCredentialsParameters = obj as FederatedClientCredentialsParameters;
                        if (issuedTokenClientCredentialsParameters != null)
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return(issuedTokenClientCredentialsParameters);
        }
        internal SecurityTokenProvider CreateSecurityTokenProvider(SecurityTokenRequirement tokenRequirement, bool disableInfoCard)
        {
            if (tokenRequirement == null)
            {
                throw DiagnosticUtility.ExceptionUtility.ThrowHelperArgumentNull("tokenRequirement");
            }

            SecurityTokenProvider result = null;

            if (disableInfoCard || !CardSpaceTryCreateSecurityTokenProviderStub(tokenRequirement, this, out result))
            {
                if (tokenRequirement is RecipientServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement && tokenRequirement.TokenType == SecurityTokenTypes.X509Certificate && tokenRequirement.KeyUsage == SecurityKeyUsage.Exchange)
                {
                    // this is the uncorrelated duplex case
                    if (parent.ClientCertificate.Certificate == null)
                    {
                        throw DiagnosticUtility.ExceptionUtility.ThrowHelperError(new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetString(SR.ClientCertificateNotProvidedOnClientCredentials)));
                    }
                    result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(parent.ClientCertificate.Certificate);
                }
                else if (tokenRequirement is InitiatorServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement)
                {
                    InitiatorServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement initiatorRequirement = tokenRequirement as InitiatorServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement;
#pragma warning suppress 56506 // initiatorRequirement will never be null due to the preceding 'is' validation.
                    string tokenType = initiatorRequirement.TokenType;
                    if (IsIssuedSecurityTokenRequirement(initiatorRequirement))
                    {
                        FederatedClientCredentialsParameters additionalParameters = this.FindFederatedChannelParameters(tokenRequirement);

                        if (additionalParameters != null && additionalParameters.IssuedSecurityToken != null)
                        {
                            return(new SimpleSecurityTokenProvider(additionalParameters.IssuedSecurityToken, tokenRequirement));
                        }

                        result = CreateIssuedSecurityTokenProvider(initiatorRequirement, additionalParameters);
                    }
                    else if (tokenType == SecurityTokenTypes.X509Certificate)
                    {
                        if (initiatorRequirement.Properties.ContainsKey(SecurityTokenRequirement.KeyUsageProperty) && initiatorRequirement.KeyUsage == SecurityKeyUsage.Exchange)
                        {
                            result = CreateServerX509TokenProvider(initiatorRequirement.TargetAddress);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            if (parent.ClientCertificate.Certificate == null)
                            {
                                throw DiagnosticUtility.ExceptionUtility.ThrowHelperError(new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetString(SR.ClientCertificateNotProvidedOnClientCredentials)));
                            }
                            result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(parent.ClientCertificate.Certificate);
                        }
                    }
                    else if (tokenType == SecurityTokenTypes.Kerberos)
                    {
                        string spn = GetServicePrincipalName(initiatorRequirement);
                        result = new KerberosSecurityTokenProviderWrapper(
                            new KerberosSecurityTokenProvider(spn, parent.Windows.AllowedImpersonationLevel, SecurityUtils.GetNetworkCredentialOrDefault(parent.Windows.ClientCredential)),
                            GetCredentialsHandle(initiatorRequirement));
                    }
                    else if (tokenType == SecurityTokenTypes.UserName)
                    {
                        if (parent.UserName.UserName == null)
                        {
                            throw DiagnosticUtility.ExceptionUtility.ThrowHelperError(new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetString(SR.UserNamePasswordNotProvidedOnClientCredentials)));
                        }
                        result = new UserNameSecurityTokenProvider(parent.UserName.UserName, parent.UserName.Password);
                    }
                    else if (tokenType == ServiceModelSecurityTokenTypes.SspiCredential)
                    {
                        if (IsDigestAuthenticationScheme(initiatorRequirement))
                        {
                            result = new SspiSecurityTokenProvider(SecurityUtils.GetNetworkCredentialOrDefault(parent.HttpDigest.ClientCredential), true, parent.HttpDigest.AllowedImpersonationLevel);
                        }
                        else
                        {
 #pragma warning disable 618   // to disable AllowNtlm obsolete wanring.

                            result = new SspiSecurityTokenProvider(SecurityUtils.GetNetworkCredentialOrDefault(parent.Windows.ClientCredential),

                                                                   parent.Windows.AllowNtlm,
                                                                   parent.Windows.AllowedImpersonationLevel);
 #pragma warning restore 618
                        }
                    }
                    else if (tokenType == ServiceModelSecurityTokenTypes.Spnego)
                    {
                        result = CreateSpnegoTokenProvider(initiatorRequirement);
                    }
                    else if (tokenType == ServiceModelSecurityTokenTypes.MutualSslnego)
                    {
                        result = CreateTlsnegoTokenProvider(initiatorRequirement, true);
                    }
                    else if (tokenType == ServiceModelSecurityTokenTypes.AnonymousSslnego)
                    {
                        result = CreateTlsnegoTokenProvider(initiatorRequirement, false);
                    }
                    else if (tokenType == ServiceModelSecurityTokenTypes.SecureConversation)
                    {
                        result = CreateSecureConversationSecurityTokenProvider(initiatorRequirement);
                    }
                }
            }

            if ((result == null) && !tokenRequirement.IsOptionalToken)
            {
                throw DiagnosticUtility.ExceptionUtility.ThrowHelperError(new NotSupportedException(SR.GetString(SR.SecurityTokenManagerCannotCreateProviderForRequirement, tokenRequirement)));
            }

            return(result);
        }
        IssuedSecurityTokenProvider CreateIssuedSecurityTokenProvider(InitiatorServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement initiatorRequirement, FederatedClientCredentialsParameters actAsOnBehalfOfParameters)
        {
            if (initiatorRequirement.TargetAddress == null)
            {
                throw DiagnosticUtility.ExceptionUtility.ThrowHelperArgument(SR.GetString(SR.TokenRequirementDoesNotSpecifyTargetAddress, initiatorRequirement));
            }
            SecurityBindingElement securityBindingElement = initiatorRequirement.SecurityBindingElement;

            if (securityBindingElement == null)
            {
                throw DiagnosticUtility.ExceptionUtility.ThrowHelperArgument(SR.GetString(SR.TokenProviderRequiresSecurityBindingElement, initiatorRequirement));
            }

            EndpointAddress issuerAddress = initiatorRequirement.IssuerAddress;
            Binding         issuerBinding = initiatorRequirement.IssuerBinding;

            //
            // If the issuer address is indeed anonymous or null, we will try the local issuer
            //
            bool isLocalIssuer = (issuerAddress == null || issuerAddress.Equals(EndpointAddress.AnonymousAddress));

            if (isLocalIssuer)
            {
                issuerAddress = parent.IssuedToken.LocalIssuerAddress;
                issuerBinding = parent.IssuedToken.LocalIssuerBinding;
            }
            if (issuerAddress == null)
            {
                // if issuer address is still null then the user forgot to specify the local issuer
                throw DiagnosticUtility.ExceptionUtility.ThrowHelperError(new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetString(SR.StsAddressNotSet, initiatorRequirement.TargetAddress)));
            }
            if (issuerBinding == null)
            {
                throw DiagnosticUtility.ExceptionUtility.ThrowHelperError(new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetString(SR.StsBindingNotSet, issuerAddress)));
            }

            Uri issuerUri = issuerAddress.Uri;
            KeyedByTypeCollection <IEndpointBehavior> issuerChannelBehaviors;

            if (!parent.IssuedToken.IssuerChannelBehaviors.TryGetValue(issuerAddress.Uri, out issuerChannelBehaviors) && isLocalIssuer)
            {
                issuerChannelBehaviors = parent.IssuedToken.LocalIssuerChannelBehaviors;
            }

            IssuedSecurityTokenProvider federationTokenProvider = new IssuedSecurityTokenProvider(GetCredentialsHandle(initiatorRequirement));

            federationTokenProvider.TokenHandlerCollectionManager = this.parent.SecurityTokenHandlerCollectionManager;
            federationTokenProvider.TargetAddress = initiatorRequirement.TargetAddress;
            CopyIssuerChannelBehaviorsAndAddSecurityCredentials(federationTokenProvider, issuerChannelBehaviors, issuerAddress);
            federationTokenProvider.CacheIssuedTokens         = parent.IssuedToken.CacheIssuedTokens;
            federationTokenProvider.IdentityVerifier          = securityBindingElement.LocalClientSettings.IdentityVerifier;
            federationTokenProvider.IssuerAddress             = issuerAddress;
            federationTokenProvider.IssuerBinding             = issuerBinding;
            federationTokenProvider.KeyEntropyMode            = GetIssuerBindingKeyEntropyModeOrDefault(issuerBinding);
            federationTokenProvider.MaxIssuedTokenCachingTime = parent.IssuedToken.MaxIssuedTokenCachingTime;
            federationTokenProvider.SecurityAlgorithmSuite    = initiatorRequirement.SecurityAlgorithmSuite;
            MessageSecurityVersion        issuerSecurityVersion;
            SecurityTokenSerializer       issuerSecurityTokenSerializer;
            IssuedSecurityTokenParameters issuedTokenParameters = initiatorRequirement.GetProperty <IssuedSecurityTokenParameters>(ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement.IssuedSecurityTokenParametersProperty);

            GetIssuerBindingSecurityVersion(issuerBinding, issuedTokenParameters.DefaultMessageSecurityVersion, initiatorRequirement.SecurityBindingElement, out issuerSecurityVersion, out issuerSecurityTokenSerializer);
            federationTokenProvider.MessageSecurityVersion  = issuerSecurityVersion;
            federationTokenProvider.SecurityTokenSerializer = issuerSecurityTokenSerializer;
            federationTokenProvider.IssuedTokenRenewalThresholdPercentage = parent.IssuedToken.IssuedTokenRenewalThresholdPercentage;

            IEnumerable <XmlElement> tokenRequestParameters = issuedTokenParameters.CreateRequestParameters(issuerSecurityVersion, issuerSecurityTokenSerializer);

            if (tokenRequestParameters != null)
            {
                foreach (XmlElement requestParameter in tokenRequestParameters)
                {
                    federationTokenProvider.TokenRequestParameters.Add(requestParameter);
                }
            }
            ChannelParameterCollection channelParameters;

            if (initiatorRequirement.TryGetProperty <ChannelParameterCollection>(ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement.ChannelParametersCollectionProperty, out channelParameters))
            {
                federationTokenProvider.ChannelParameters = channelParameters;
            }

            federationTokenProvider.SetupActAsOnBehalfOfParameters(actAsOnBehalfOfParameters);
            return(federationTokenProvider);
        }