// public methods
        /// <summary>
        /// Apply an attribute to these serialization options and modify the options accordingly.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serializer">The serializer that these serialization options are for.</param>
        /// <param name="attribute">The serialization options attribute.</param>
        public override void ApplyAttribute(IBsonSerializer serializer, Attribute attribute)
        {
            EnsureNotFrozen();
            var arraySerializer = serializer as IBsonArraySerializer;

            if (arraySerializer == null)
            {
                var message = string.Format(
                    "A serialization options attribute of type {0} cannot be used when the serializer is of type {1}.",
                    BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(attribute.GetType()),
                    BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(serializer.GetType()));
                throw new NotSupportedException(message);
            }

            var itemSerializer = arraySerializer.GetItemSerializationInfo().Serializer;

            if (_itemSerializationOptions == null)
            {
                var itemDefaultSerializationOptions = itemSerializer.GetDefaultSerializationOptions();

                // special case for legacy collections: allow BsonRepresentation on object
                if (itemDefaultSerializationOptions == null &&
                    (serializer.GetType() == typeof(EnumerableSerializer) || serializer.GetType() == typeof(QueueSerializer) || serializer.GetType() == typeof(StackSerializer)) &&
                    attribute.GetType() == typeof(BsonRepresentationAttribute))
                {
                    itemDefaultSerializationOptions = new RepresentationSerializationOptions(BsonType.Null); // will be modified later by ApplyAttribute
                }

                if (itemDefaultSerializationOptions == null)
                {
                    var message = string.Format(
                        "A serialization options attribute of type {0} cannot be used when the serializer is of type {1} and the item serializer is of type {2}.",
                        BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(attribute.GetType()),
                        BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(serializer.GetType()),
                        BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(itemSerializer.GetType()));
                    throw new NotSupportedException(message);
                }

                _itemSerializationOptions = itemDefaultSerializationOptions.Clone();
            }
            _itemSerializationOptions.ApplyAttribute(itemSerializer, attribute);
        }
        // public methods
        /// <summary>
        /// Apply an attribute to these serialization options and modify the options accordingly.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serializer">The serializer that these serialization options are for.</param>
        /// <param name="attribute">The serialization options attribute.</param>
        public override void ApplyAttribute(IBsonSerializer serializer, Attribute attribute)
        {
            EnsureNotFrozen();
            var arraySerializer = serializer as IBsonArraySerializer;
            if (arraySerializer == null)
            {
                var message = string.Format(
                        "A serialization options attribute of type {0} cannot be used when the serializer is of type {1}.",
                        BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(attribute.GetType()),
                        BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(serializer.GetType()));
                throw new NotSupportedException(message);
            }

            var itemSerializer = arraySerializer.GetItemSerializationInfo().Serializer;
            if (_itemSerializationOptions == null)
            {
                var itemDefaultSerializationOptions = itemSerializer.GetDefaultSerializationOptions();

                // special case for legacy collections: allow BsonRepresentation on object
                if (itemDefaultSerializationOptions == null &&
                    (serializer.GetType() == typeof(EnumerableSerializer) || serializer.GetType() == typeof(QueueSerializer) || serializer.GetType() == typeof(StackSerializer)) &&
                    attribute.GetType() == typeof(BsonRepresentationAttribute))
                {
                    itemDefaultSerializationOptions = new RepresentationSerializationOptions(BsonType.Null); // will be modified later by ApplyAttribute
                }

                if (itemDefaultSerializationOptions == null)
                {
                    var message = string.Format(
                        "A serialization options attribute of type {0} cannot be used when the serializer is of type {1} and the item serializer is of type {2}.",
                        BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(attribute.GetType()),
                        BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(serializer.GetType()),
                        BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(itemSerializer.GetType()));
                    throw new NotSupportedException(message);
                }

                _itemSerializationOptions = itemDefaultSerializationOptions.Clone();
            }
            _itemSerializationOptions.ApplyAttribute(itemSerializer, attribute);
        }
        // public methods
        /// <summary>
        /// Apply an attribute to these serialization options and modify the options accordingly.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serializer">The serializer that these serialization options are for.</param>
        /// <param name="attribute">The serialization options attribute.</param>
        public override void ApplyAttribute(IBsonSerializer serializer, Attribute attribute)
        {
            EnsureNotFrozen();

            var dictionaryOptionsAttribute = attribute as BsonDictionaryOptionsAttribute;
            if (dictionaryOptionsAttribute != null)
            {
                _representation = dictionaryOptionsAttribute.Representation;
                return;
            }

            // for backward compatibility reasons representations Array and Document apply to the Dictionary and not the values
            var representationAttribute = attribute as BsonRepresentationAttribute;
            if (representationAttribute != null)
            {
                switch (representationAttribute.Representation)
                {
                    case BsonType.Array:
                        _representation = DictionaryRepresentation.ArrayOfArrays;
                        return;
                    case BsonType.Document:
                        _representation = DictionaryRepresentation.Document;
                        return;
                }
            }

            // any other attributes are applied to the values
            var valueType = typeof(object);
            if (serializer.GetType().IsGenericType)
            {
                valueType = serializer.GetType().GetGenericArguments()[1]; // TValue
            }
            var valueSerializer = BsonSerializer.LookupSerializer(valueType);

            var valueSerializationOptions = _keyValuePairSerializationOptions.ValueSerializationOptions;
            if (valueSerializationOptions == null)
            {
                var valueDefaultSerializationOptions = valueSerializer.GetDefaultSerializationOptions();

                // special case for legacy dictionaries: allow BsonRepresentation on object
                if (valueDefaultSerializationOptions == null &&
                    serializer.GetType() == typeof(DictionarySerializer) &&
                    attribute.GetType() == typeof(BsonRepresentationAttribute))
                {
                    valueDefaultSerializationOptions = new RepresentationSerializationOptions(BsonType.Null); // will be modified later by ApplyAttribute
                }

                if (valueDefaultSerializationOptions == null)
                {
                    var message = string.Format(
                        "A serialization options attribute of type {0} cannot be used when the serializer is of type {1} and the value serializer is of type {2}.",
                        BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(attribute.GetType()),
                        BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(serializer.GetType()),
                        BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(valueSerializer.GetType()));
                    throw new NotSupportedException(message);
                }

                valueSerializationOptions = valueDefaultSerializationOptions.Clone();
            }

            valueSerializationOptions.ApplyAttribute(valueSerializer, attribute);
            _keyValuePairSerializationOptions = new KeyValuePairSerializationOptions(
                _keyValuePairSerializationOptions.Representation,
                _keyValuePairSerializationOptions.KeySerializationOptions,
                valueSerializationOptions);
        }
        // public methods
        /// <summary>
        /// Apply an attribute to these serialization options and modify the options accordingly.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serializer">The serializer that these serialization options are for.</param>
        /// <param name="attribute">The serialization options attribute.</param>
        public override void ApplyAttribute(IBsonSerializer serializer, Attribute attribute)
        {
            EnsureNotFrozen();

            var dictionaryOptionsAttribute = attribute as BsonDictionaryOptionsAttribute;

            if (dictionaryOptionsAttribute != null)
            {
                _representation = dictionaryOptionsAttribute.Representation;
                return;
            }

            // for backward compatibility reasons representations Array and Document apply to the Dictionary and not the values
            var representationAttribute = attribute as BsonRepresentationAttribute;

            if (representationAttribute != null)
            {
                switch (representationAttribute.Representation)
                {
                case BsonType.Array:
                    _representation = DictionaryRepresentation.ArrayOfArrays;
                    return;

                case BsonType.Document:
                    _representation = DictionaryRepresentation.Document;
                    return;
                }
            }

            // any other attributes are applied to the values
            var valueType = typeof(object);

            if (serializer.GetType().IsGenericType)
            {
                valueType = serializer.GetType().GetGenericArguments()[1]; // TValue
            }
            var valueSerializer = BsonSerializer.LookupSerializer(valueType);

            var valueSerializationOptions = _keyValuePairSerializationOptions.ValueSerializationOptions;

            if (valueSerializationOptions == null)
            {
                var valueDefaultSerializationOptions = valueSerializer.GetDefaultSerializationOptions();

                // special case for legacy dictionaries: allow BsonRepresentation on object
                if (valueDefaultSerializationOptions == null &&
                    serializer.GetType() == typeof(DictionarySerializer) &&
                    attribute.GetType() == typeof(BsonRepresentationAttribute))
                {
                    valueDefaultSerializationOptions = new RepresentationSerializationOptions(BsonType.Null); // will be modified later by ApplyAttribute
                }

                if (valueDefaultSerializationOptions == null)
                {
                    var message = string.Format(
                        "A serialization options attribute of type {0} cannot be used when the serializer is of type {1} and the value serializer is of type {2}.",
                        BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(attribute.GetType()),
                        BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(serializer.GetType()),
                        BsonUtils.GetFriendlyTypeName(valueSerializer.GetType()));
                    throw new NotSupportedException(message);
                }

                valueSerializationOptions = valueDefaultSerializationOptions.Clone();
            }

            valueSerializationOptions.ApplyAttribute(valueSerializer, attribute);
            _keyValuePairSerializationOptions = new KeyValuePairSerializationOptions(
                _keyValuePairSerializationOptions.Representation,
                _keyValuePairSerializationOptions.KeySerializationOptions,
                valueSerializationOptions);
        }