public static ParticleSystem Create(ContentManager contentManager)
{
var ps = new ParticleSystem
{
Name = "Ribbon",
MaxNumberOfParticles = 50,
};
// Ribbons are enabled by setting the "Type" to ParticleType.Ribbon. Consecutive
// living particles are connected and rendered as ribbons (quad strips). At least
// two living particles are required to create a ribbon. Dead particles
// ("NormalizedAge" ≥ 1) can be used as delimiters to terminate one ribbon and
// start the next ribbon.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <ParticleType>(ParticleParameterNames.Type).DefaultValue =
ParticleType.Ribbon;
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Lifetime).DefaultValue = 1;
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3F>(ParticleParameterNames.Position);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartPositionEffector());
// The parameter "Axis" determines the orientation of the ribbon.
// We could use a fixed orientation. It is also possible to "twist" the ribbon
// by using a varying parameter.
//ps.Parameters.AddUniform<Vector3F>(ParticleParameterNames.Axis).DefaultValue =
// Vector3F.Up;
ps.Effectors.Add(new RibbonEffector());
ps.Effectors.Add(new ReserveParticleEffector {
Reserve = 1
});
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Size).DefaultValue = 1;
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3F>(ParticleParameterNames.Color);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <Vector3F>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Color,
Distribution = new BoxDistribution {
MinValue = new Vector3F(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f), MaxValue = new Vector3F(1, 1, 1)
}
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Alpha);
ps.Effectors.Add(new FuncEffector <float, float>
{
InputParameter = ParticleParameterNames.NormalizedAge,
OutputParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Alpha,
Func = age => 6.7f * age * (1 - age) * (1 - age),
});
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Texture2D>(ParticleParameterNames.Texture).DefaultValue =
contentManager.Load <Texture2D>("Particles/Ribbon");
// The parameter "TextureTiling" defines how the texture spreads across the ribbon.
// 0 ... no tiling,
// 1 ... repeat every particle,
// n ... repeat every n-th particle
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <int>(ParticleParameterNames.TextureTiling).DefaultValue =
1;
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.BlendMode).DefaultValue = 0;
ParticleSystemValidator.Validate(ps);
return(ps);
}
private RocketTrail(ContentManager contentManager)
{
MaxNumberOfParticles = 200;
Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Lifetime);
Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Lifetime,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(1, 2),
});
Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.EmissionRate);
Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.EmissionRate,
DefaultValue = 60,
});
Effectors.Add(new StreamEmitter
{
EmissionRateParameter = ParticleParameterNames.EmissionRate,
});
Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3F>(ParticleParameterNames.Position);
Effectors.Add(new StartPositionEffector
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Position,
});
Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3F>(ParticleParameterNames.Direction);
Effectors.Add(new StartDirectionEffector
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Direction,
Distribution = new DirectionDistribution {
Deviation = ConstantsF.Pi, Direction = Vector3F.UnitY
},
});
Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed);
Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0.1f, 0.3f),
});
// The StartVelocityBiasEffector adds a velocity to new particles. We use this to add
// the rocket velocity (stored in the parameter "EmitterVelocity") to the start velocities
// of the particles.
Parameters.AddUniform <Vector3F>(ParticleParameterNames.EmitterVelocity);
Effectors.Add(new StartVelocityBiasEffector {
Strength = 0.1f
});
Effectors.Add(new LinearVelocityEffector());
Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Angle);
Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Angle,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(-ConstantsF.Pi, ConstantsF.Pi),
});
Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.AngularSpeed);
Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.AngularSpeed,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(-1, 1),
});
Effectors.Add(new AngularVelocityEffector());
Parameters.AddVarying <float>("StartSize");
Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = "StartSize",
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0.2f, 0.5f),
});
Parameters.AddVarying <float>("EndSize");
Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = "EndSize",
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0.5f, 1f),
});
Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Size);
Effectors.Add(new SingleLerpEffector
{
ValueParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Size,
StartParameter = "StartSize",
EndParameter = "EndSize",
});
Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3F>(ParticleParameterNames.Color);
Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <Vector3F>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Color,
Distribution = new LineSegmentDistribution {
Start = new Vector3F(0.5f, 0.4f, 0.25f), End = new Vector3F(0.7f, 0.6f, 0.5f)
},
});
Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Alpha);
Effectors.Add(new FuncEffector <float, float>
{
InputParameter = ParticleParameterNames.NormalizedAge,
OutputParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Alpha,
Func = age => 6.7f * age * (1 - age) * (1 - age),
});
Parameters.AddUniform <Texture2D>(ParticleParameterNames.Texture).DefaultValue =
contentManager.Load <Texture2D>("Particles/Smoke");
// Draw behind explosion.
Parameters.AddUniform <int>(ParticleParameterNames.DrawOrder).DefaultValue = -100;
// The ParticleSystemRecycler recycles this instance into the specified resource
// pool when all particles are dead.
Effectors.Add(new ParticleSystemRecycler
{
ResourcePool = Pool,
// Set a minimum life-time to avoid that the particle system is recycled too early.
// (The rocket trail might need a few frames before particles are created.)
MinRuntime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.05f),
});
ParticleSystemValidator.Validate(this);
}
public static ParticleSystem Create(ContentManager contentManager)
{
var ps = new ParticleSystem
{
Name = "Rain",
MaxNumberOfParticles = 2000,
};
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Lifetime).DefaultValue = 0.8f;
ps.Effectors.Add(new StreamEmitter
{
DefaultEmissionRate = 1200,
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3F>(ParticleParameterNames.Position);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartPositionEffector
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Position,
Distribution = new BoxDistribution {
MinValue = new Vector3F(-20, 15, -20), MaxValue = new Vector3F(20, 15, 20)
}
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3F>(ParticleParameterNames.Direction);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartDirectionEffector
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Direction,
Distribution = new DirectionDistribution {
Deviation = 0f, Direction = -Vector3F.UnitY
},
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(20, 30),
});
ps.Effectors.Add(new LinearVelocityEffector());
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.SizeX).DefaultValue = 0.03f;
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.SizeY);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.SizeY,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0.5f, 1.5f),
});
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Vector3F>(ParticleParameterNames.Color).DefaultValue = new Vector3F(0.5f, 0.7f, 0.9f);
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Alpha).DefaultValue = 0.5f;
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Texture2D>(ParticleParameterNames.Texture).DefaultValue =
contentManager.Load <Texture2D>("Particles/RainDrop");
// DigitalRune Graphics can render particles with different billboard orientations.
// The rain drops should use axial billboards in the up direction (a.k.a. cylindrical
// billboards).
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <BillboardOrientation>(ParticleParameterNames.BillboardOrientation).DefaultValue = BillboardOrientation.AxialViewPlaneAligned;
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.BlendMode).DefaultValue = 0;
ParticleSystemValidator.Validate(ps);
return(ps);
}
public static ParticleSystem CreateCampfire(ContentManager contentManager)
{
ParticleSystem ps = new ParticleSystem
{
Name = "Campfire",
MaxNumberOfParticles = 50
};
// Each particle lives for a random time span.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Lifetime);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Lifetime,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0.8f, 1.2f),
});
// Add an effector that emits particles at a constant rate.
ps.Effectors.Add(new StreamEmitter
{
DefaultEmissionRate = 30,
});
// Particle positions start on a circular area (in the xy-plane).
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3F>(ParticleParameterNames.Position);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartPositionEffector
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Position,
Distribution = new CircleDistribution {
OuterRadius = 0.4f, InnerRadius = 0
}
});
// Particles move in forward direction with a random speed.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Vector3F>(ParticleParameterNames.Direction).DefaultValue = Vector3F.Forward;
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0, 1),
});
// The LinearVelocityEffector uses the Direction and LinearSpeed to update the Position
// of particles.
ps.Effectors.Add(new LinearVelocityEffector());
// Lets apply a damping (= exponential decay) to the LinearSpeed using the SingleDampingEffector.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Damping).DefaultValue = 1.0f;
ps.Effectors.Add(new SingleDampingEffector
{
// Following parameters are equal to the default values. No need to set them.
//ValueParameter = ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed,
//DampingParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Damping,
});
// To create a wind effect, we apply an acceleration to all particles.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Vector3F>("Wind").DefaultValue = new Vector3F(-1, 3, -0.5f);
ps.Effectors.Add(new LinearAccelerationEffector {
AccelerationParameter = "Wind"
});
// Each particle starts with a random rotation angle and a random angular speed.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Angle);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Angle,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(-ConstantsF.Pi, ConstantsF.Pi),
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.AngularSpeed);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.AngularSpeed,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(-2f, 2f),
});
// The AngularVelocityEffector uses the AngularSpeed to update the particle Angle.
ps.Effectors.Add(new AngularVelocityEffector());
// All particle have the same size.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Size).DefaultValue = 0.8f;
// Particle alpha fades in to 1 and then back out to 0.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Alpha);
ps.Effectors.Add(new SingleFadeEffector
{
ValueParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Alpha,
FadeInStart = 0.0f,
FadeInEnd = 0.2f,
FadeOutStart = 0.8f,
FadeOutEnd = 1.0f,
});
// DigitalRune Graphics supports "texture atlases": The class PackedTexture
// describes a single texture or tile set packed into a texture atlas. The
// fire texture in this example consists of 4 tiles.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <PackedTexture>(ParticleParameterNames.Texture).DefaultValue =
new PackedTexture(
"FireParticles",
contentManager.Load <Texture2D>("Campfire/FireParticles"),
Vector2F.Zero, Vector2F.One,
4, 1);
// The particle parameter "AnimationTime" determines which tile is used,
// where 0 = first tile, 1 = last tile.
// --> Chooses a random tile for each particle when it is created.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.AnimationTime);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.AnimationTime,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0, 1),
});
// Fire needs additive blending.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.BlendMode).DefaultValue = 0;
ParticleSystemValidator.Validate(ps);
return(ps);
}
public static ParticleSystem Create(ContentManager contentManager)
{
var ps = new ParticleSystem
{
Name = "BeeSwarm",
MaxNumberOfParticles = 100,
};
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Lifetime).DefaultValue = float.PositiveInfinity;
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3F>(ParticleParameterNames.Position);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartPositionEffector
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Position,
DefaultValue = new Vector3F(0, 0, 0)
});
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.SizeY).DefaultValue = 0.1f;
// The SizeX is varying because the BeeEffector sets a negative size if the bee should look in the
// opposite direction.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.SizeX);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.SizeX,
DefaultValue = 0.1f,
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(1, 2),
});
// The BeeEffector creates the random movement of the bees.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3F>("TargetPosition");
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Pose>("CameraPose").DefaultValue = Pose.Identity;
ps.Effectors.Add(new BeeEffector
{
PositionParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Position,
TargetPositionParameter = "TargetPosition",
SpeedParameter = ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed,
SizeXParameter = ParticleParameterNames.SizeX,
CameraPoseParameter = "CameraPose",
InvertLookDirection = true,
MaxRange = 4.0f,
});
// The texture is a set of 3 images.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <PackedTexture>(ParticleParameterNames.Texture).DefaultValue =
new PackedTexture(
"Bee",
contentManager.Load <Texture2D>("Particles/beeWingFlap"),
Vector2F.Zero, Vector2F.One,
3, 1);
// The Frame particle parameter stores the index of the animation frame and the
// AnimationTime particle parameter stores the current progress in seconds.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <int>("Frame");
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>("AnimationTime");
// Initialize the AnimationTime with a random value, otherwise all bees would look
// the same.
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = "AnimationTime",
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0, 0.125f),
});
// The AnimationEffector advances the AnimationTime and sets the Frame.
// It changes frames at 24 fps.
ps.Effectors.Add(new AnimationEffector
{
AnimationTimeParameter = "AnimationTime",
FramesPerSecond = 24,
NumberOfFrames = 3,
});
ParticleSystemValidator.Validate(ps);
return(ps);
}
public static ParticleSystem Create(ContentManager contentManager)
{
var ps = new ParticleSystem
{
Name = "Grass",
MaxNumberOfParticles = 400,
};
// The grass particles do not die.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Lifetime).DefaultValue = float.PositiveInfinity;
// We create all particles instantly. Up to 400 particles. Then the emission stops.
ps.Effectors.Add(new StreamEmitter
{
DefaultEmissionRate = 400 * 60,
EmissionLimit = 400,
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3>(ParticleParameterNames.Position);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartPositionEffector
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Position,
Distribution = new BoxDistribution {
MinValue = new Vector3(-10, 0.4f, -10), MaxValue = new Vector3(10, 0.4f, 10)
}
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.SizeX);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.SizeX,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0.6f, 1),
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.SizeY);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.SizeY,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0.6f, 1),
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3>(ParticleParameterNames.Color);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <Vector3>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Color,
Distribution = new LineSegmentDistribution {
Start = new Vector3(0.82f, 0.92f, 1) * 0.9f, End = new Vector3(1, 1, 1)
}
});
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Texture2D>(ParticleParameterNames.Texture).DefaultValue =
contentManager.Load <Texture2D>("Particles/Grass");
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <BillboardOrientation>(ParticleParameterNames.BillboardOrientation).DefaultValue =
BillboardOrientation.AxialViewPlaneAligned;
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <bool>(ParticleParameterNames.IsDepthSorted).DefaultValue = true;
ParticleSystemValidator.Validate(ps);
return(ps);
}
public static ParticleSystem Create(ContentManager contentManager)
{
ParticleSystem ps = new ParticleSystem
{
Name = "Smoke",
MaxNumberOfParticles = 200,
};
// All particles should live for 5 seconds.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Lifetime).DefaultValue = 5;
// Add an effector that emits particles at a constant rate.
ps.Effectors.Add(new StreamEmitter
{
DefaultEmissionRate = 30,
});
// The reference frame can be either "Local" or "World" (Default).
// - "Local" means that the particle positions, directions, velocities, etc.
// are relative to the ParticleSystemNode in the scene graph.
// - "World" means that those values are given in world space. The position
// of the ParticleSystemNode in the scene graph does not affect the particles.
// (For more information check out sample "11-ReferenceFrame".)
ps.ReferenceFrame = ParticleReferenceFrame.Local;
// Particle positions start in the center of the particle system.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3>(ParticleParameterNames.Position);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartPositionEffector
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Position,
DefaultValue = Vector3.Zero,
});
// Particles move in the up direction with a random deviation of 0.5 radians and a
// random speed.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3>(ParticleParameterNames.Direction);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartDirectionEffector
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Direction,
Distribution = new DirectionDistribution {
Deviation = 0.5f, Direction = Vector3.Up
},
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0.5f, 1),
});
// The LinearVelocityEffector uses the Direction and LinearSpeed to update the Position
// of particles.
ps.Effectors.Add(new LinearVelocityEffector
{
// Following parameters are equal to the default values. No need to set them.
//PositionParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Position,
//DirectionParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Direction,
//SpeedParameter = ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed,
});
// To create a wind effect, we apply an acceleration to all particles.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Vector3>(ParticleParameterNames.LinearAcceleration).DefaultValue =
new Vector3(0.2f, -0.1f, 0);
ps.Effectors.Add(new LinearAccelerationEffector
{
// Following parameters are equal to the default values. No need to set them.
//AccelerationParameter = ParticleParameterNames.LinearAcceleration,
//DirectionParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Direction,
//SpeedParameter = ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed,
});
// Each particle starts with a random rotation angle and a random angular speed.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Angle);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Angle,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(-ConstantsF.Pi, ConstantsF.Pi),
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.AngularSpeed);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.AngularSpeed,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(-2, 2),
});
// The AngularVelocityEffector uses the AngularSpeed to update the particle Angle.
ps.Effectors.Add(new AngularVelocityEffector
{
// Following parameters are equal to the default values. No need to set them.
//AngleParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Angle,
//SpeedParameter = ParticleParameterNames.AngularSpeed,
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>("StartSize");
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = "StartSize",
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0.1f, 0.5f),
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>("EndSize");
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = "EndSize",
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(2, 4),
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Size);
ps.Effectors.Add(new SingleLerpEffector
{
ValueParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Size,
StartParameter = "StartSize",
EndParameter = "EndSize",
});
// Particle alpha fades in to a target value of 1 and then back out to 0.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Alpha);
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>("TargetAlpha").DefaultValue = 1f;
ps.Effectors.Add(new SingleFadeEffector
{
ValueParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Alpha,
TargetValueParameter = "TargetAlpha",
FadeInStart = 0f,
FadeInEnd = 0.2f,
FadeOutStart = 0.7f,
FadeOutEnd = 1f,
});
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Texture2D>(ParticleParameterNames.Texture).DefaultValue =
contentManager.Load <Texture2D>("Particles/Smoke");
ParticleSystemValidator.Validate(ps);
return(ps);
}
public BasicParticlesSample(Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game game)
: base(game)
{
// Create a new "empty" particle system.
_particleSystem = new ParticleSystem();
// Names are optional, but very useful for debugging.
_particleSystem.Name = "MyFirstParticleSystem";
// The particle system uses pre-allocated arrays. We should define an upper limit for
// the number of particles that can be alive at the same moment.
_particleSystem.MaxNumberOfParticles = 200;
// The particle system's Pose defines the position and orientation of the particle system
// in the world.
_particleSystem.Pose = new Pose(new Vector3(0, 2, 0));
// The properties of the particles in the particle system are defined using
// "particle parameters" (in the collection _particleSystem.Parameters).
// Per default, there is only one parameter: "NormalizedAge" - which is managed
// by the particle system itself and is the age of a particle in the range 0 - 1.
// All our particles should live for 1 second after they have been created. Therefore,
// we add a "uniform" parameter called "Lifetime" and set it to 1.
var lifetimeParameter = _particleSystem.Parameters.AddUniform <float>("Lifetime");
lifetimeParameter.DefaultValue = 1f;
// Each particle should have a position value. Therefore, we add a "varying" parameter
// called "Position". "Varying" means that each particle has its own position value.
// The particle system will internally allocate a Vector3 array to store all particle
// positions.
_particleSystem.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3>("Position");
// When particles are created, we want them to appear at random position in a spherical
// volume. We add an effector which initializes the particle "Positions" of newly created
// particles.
_particleSystem.Effectors.Add(new StartPositionEffector
{
// This effector should initialize the "Position" parameter.
// Parameter = "Position", // "Position" is the default value anyway.
// The start values should be chosen from this random value distribution:
Distribution = new SphereDistribution {
OuterRadius = 2
}
});
// The particles should slowly fade in and out to avoid sudden appearance and disappearance.
// We add a varying particle parameter called "Alpha" to store the alpha value per particle.
_particleSystem.Parameters.AddVarying <float>("Alpha");
// The SingleFadeEffector animates a float parameter from 0 to a target value and
// back to 0.
_particleSystem.Effectors.Add(new SingleFadeEffector
{
// If TargetValueParameter is not set, then the target value is 1.
//TargetValueParameter = 1,
// The fade-in/out times are relative to a time parameter.
// By default the "NormalizedAge" of the particles is used.
//TimeParameter = "NormalizedAge",
// The Alpha value should be animated.
ValueParameter = "Alpha",
// The fade-in/out times relative to the normalized age.
FadeInStart = 0.0f,
FadeInEnd = 0.3f,
FadeOutStart = 0.5f,
FadeOutEnd = 1.0f,
});
// Next, we choose a texture for the particles. All particles use the same texture
// parameter, which means the parameter is "uniform".
var textureParameter = _particleSystem.Parameters.AddUniform <Texture2D>("Texture");
textureParameter.DefaultValue = ContentManager.Load <Texture2D>("Particles/LensFlare");
// The blend mode is a value between 0 and 1, where 0 means additive blending
// 1 means alpha blending. Values between 0 and 1 are allowed. The particles in
// this example should be drawn using additive alpha blending.
var blendModeParameter = _particleSystem.Parameters.AddUniform <float>("BlendMode");
blendModeParameter.DefaultValue = 0.0f;
// There is a lot to configure. Did we forget anything? - We can use an optional helper method
// to validate our particle system. Uninitialized or missing parameters are printed to the
// Console. Check the Visual Studio Output window for any messages.
ParticleSystemValidator.Validate(_particleSystem);
// Adding the particle system to a ParticleSystemService is optional but very useful
// because the service will update the particle system for us in each frame.
ParticleSystemService.ParticleSystems.Add(_particleSystem);
// To render the particle effect, we need to create a scene node and add it to the
// scene graph.
_particleSystemNode = new ParticleSystemNode(_particleSystem);
GraphicsScreen.Scene.Children.Add(_particleSystemNode);
// A tip for the future:
// The class ParticleParameterNames is a collection of strings that can be used for
// common particle parameters. It is recommended to use the particle parameter names in
// this class to avoid problems because of typing errors in the source code.
}
public static ParticleSystem Create(ContentManager contentManager)
{
ParticleSystem ps = new ParticleSystem
{
Name = "Fire",
MaxNumberOfParticles = 300
};
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Lifetime).DefaultValue = 2;
ps.Effectors.Add(new StreamEmitter
{
DefaultEmissionRate = 120,
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3>(ParticleParameterNames.Position);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartPositionEffector
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Position,
Distribution = new CircleDistribution {
OuterRadius = 2, InnerRadius = 2
}
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3>(ParticleParameterNames.Direction);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartDirectionEffector
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Direction,
// The start direction can be any direction (direction deviation is 360°).
Distribution = new DirectionDistribution {
Deviation = ConstantsF.TwoPi, Direction = Vector3.UnitY
},
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0, 0.5f),
});
ps.Effectors.Add(new LinearVelocityEffector());
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Vector3>(ParticleParameterNames.LinearAcceleration).DefaultValue = new Vector3(0, 1, 0);
ps.Effectors.Add(new LinearAccelerationEffector());
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Angle);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Angle,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(-ConstantsF.Pi, ConstantsF.Pi),
});
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>("TargetAlpha").DefaultValue = 1f;
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Alpha);
ps.Effectors.Add(new SingleFadeEffector
{
ValueParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Alpha,
TargetValueParameter = "TargetAlpha",
FadeInStart = 0f,
FadeInEnd = 0.1f,
FadeOutStart = 0.2f,
FadeOutEnd = 1f,
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Size);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Size,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0.5f, 1),
});
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Texture2D>(ParticleParameterNames.Texture).DefaultValue =
contentManager.Load <Texture2D>("Particles/Fire");
// Fire needs additive blending.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.BlendMode).DefaultValue = 0.0f;
// Fire should be drawn on top of other effects (like smoke).
// "DrawOrder" is supported by the ParticleBatch renderer.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <int>(ParticleParameterNames.DrawOrder).DefaultValue = 100;
ParticleSystemValidator.Validate(ps);
return(ps);
}
public static ParticleSystem Create(ITriangleMesh mesh, ContentManager contentManager)
{
var ps = new ParticleSystem
{
Name = "GlowingMeshEffect",
MaxNumberOfParticles = 100
};
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Lifetime).DefaultValue = 1.0f;
ps.Effectors.Add(new StreamEmitter
{
DefaultEmissionRate = 100,
});
// The particles start on random positions on the surface of the given triangle mesh.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3>(ParticleParameterNames.Position);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartOnMeshEffector
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Position,
Mesh = mesh
});
// Just to demonstrate a new custom effector:
// The size follows a user-defined curve using the FuncEffector.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Size);
ps.Effectors.Add(new FuncEffector <float, float>
{
InputParameter = ParticleParameterNames.NormalizedAge,
OutputParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Size,
Func = age => 6.7f * age * (1 - age) * (1 - age) * 0.4f,
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3>(ParticleParameterNames.Color);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <Vector3>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Color,
Distribution = new BoxDistribution
{
MinValue = new Vector3(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f),
MaxValue = new Vector3(1, 1, 1)
}
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Alpha);
ps.Effectors.Add(new FuncEffector <float, float>
{
InputParameter = ParticleParameterNames.NormalizedAge,
OutputParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Alpha,
Func = age => 6.7f * age * (1 - age) * (1 - age),
});
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Texture2D>(ParticleParameterNames.Texture).DefaultValue =
contentManager.Load <Texture2D>("Particles/Star");
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.BlendMode).DefaultValue = 0;
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <BillboardOrientation>(ParticleParameterNames.BillboardOrientation).DefaultValue =
BillboardOrientation.ScreenAligned;
ParticleSystemValidator.Validate(ps);
return(ps);
}
public static ParticleSystem CreateCampfireSmoke(ContentManager contentManager)
{
ParticleSystem ps = new ParticleSystem
{
Name = "CampfireSmoke",
MaxNumberOfParticles = 50,
};
// Each particle lives for a random time span.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Lifetime);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Lifetime,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(2.0f, 2.4f),
});
// Add an effector that emits particles at a constant rate.
ps.Effectors.Add(new StreamEmitter
{
DefaultEmissionRate = 15,
});
// Particle positions start on a circular area (in the xy-plane).
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3>(ParticleParameterNames.Position);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartPositionEffector
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Position,
Distribution = new CircleDistribution {
OuterRadius = 0.4f, InnerRadius = 0
}
});
// Particles move in forward direction with a slight random deviation with a random speed.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3>(ParticleParameterNames.Direction);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartDirectionEffector
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Direction,
Distribution = new DirectionDistribution {
Deviation = 0.15f, Direction = Vector3.Forward
},
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0, 1),
});
// The LinearVelocityEffector uses the Direction and LinearSpeed to update the Position
// of particles.
ps.Effectors.Add(new LinearVelocityEffector());
// Lets apply a damping (= exponential decay) to the LinearSpeed using the SingleDampingEffector.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Damping).DefaultValue = 1.0f;
ps.Effectors.Add(new SingleDampingEffector
{
// Following parameters are equal to the default values. No need to set them.
//ValueParameter = ParticleParameterNames.LinearSpeed,
//DampingParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Damping,
});
// To create a wind effect, we apply an acceleration to all particles.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Vector3>("Wind").DefaultValue = new Vector3(-1, 3, -0.5f);
ps.Effectors.Add(new LinearAccelerationEffector {
AccelerationParameter = "Wind"
});
// Each particle starts with a random rotation angle and a random angular speed.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Angle);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.Angle,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(-ConstantsF.PiOver2, ConstantsF.PiOver2),
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.AngularSpeed);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.AngularSpeed,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(-2f, 2f),
});
// The AngularVelocityEffector uses the AngularSpeed to update the particle Angle.
ps.Effectors.Add(new AngularVelocityEffector
{
AngleParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Angle,
SpeedParameter = ParticleParameterNames.AngularSpeed,
});
// Each particle gets a random start and end size.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>("StartSize");
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = "StartSize",
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0.5f, 0.7f),
});
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>("EndSize");
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = "EndSize",
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(1.0f, 1.4f),
});
// The Size is computed from linear interpolation between the StartSize and the EndSize.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Size);
ps.Effectors.Add(new SingleLerpEffector
{
ValueParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Size,
FactorParameter = ParticleParameterNames.NormalizedAge,
StartParameter = "StartSize",
EndParameter = "EndSize",
});
// The Color slowly changes linearly from light gray to a darker gray.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Vector3>("StartColor").DefaultValue = new Vector3(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <Vector3>("EndColor").DefaultValue = new Vector3(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f);
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <Vector3>(ParticleParameterNames.Color);
ps.Effectors.Add(new Vector3LerpEffector
{
ValueParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Color,
StartParameter = "StartColor",
EndParameter = "EndColor",
});
// The Alpha value is 0 for a short time, then it fades in to the TargetAlpha and finally
// it fades out again.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.Alpha);
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>("TargetAlpha").DefaultValue = 0.33f;
ps.Effectors.Add(new SingleFadeEffector
{
ValueParameter = ParticleParameterNames.Alpha,
TargetValueParameter = "TargetAlpha",
TimeParameter = ParticleParameterNames.NormalizedAge,
FadeInStart = 0.36f,
FadeInEnd = 0.6f,
FadeOutStart = 0.6f,
FadeOutEnd = 1.0f,
});
// DigitalRune Graphics supports "texture atlases": The class PackedTexture
// describes a single texture or tile set packed into a texture atlas. The
// smoke texture in this example consists of 2 tiles.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <PackedTexture>(ParticleParameterNames.Texture).DefaultValue =
new PackedTexture(
"Smoke2",
contentManager.Load <Texture2D>("Campfire/Smoke2"),
Vector2F.Zero, Vector2F.One,
2, 1);
// The particle parameter "AnimationTime" determines which tile is used,
// where 0 = first tile, 1 = last tile.
// --> Chooses a random tile for each particle when it is created.
ps.Parameters.AddVarying <float>(ParticleParameterNames.AnimationTime);
ps.Effectors.Add(new StartValueEffector <float>
{
Parameter = ParticleParameterNames.AnimationTime,
Distribution = new UniformDistributionF(0, 1),
});
// Smoke needs alpha blending.
ps.Parameters.AddUniform <float>(ParticleParameterNames.BlendMode).DefaultValue = 1;
ParticleSystemValidator.Validate(ps);
return(ps);
}
