private object CreateObject(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, JsonContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContainerContract containerContract, JsonProperty containerMember, object existingValue)
        {
            string id;
            object newValue;
            Type resolvedObjectType = objectType;

            if (Serializer.MetadataPropertyHandling == MetadataPropertyHandling.ReadAhead)
            {
                var tokenReader = reader as JTokenReader;
                if (tokenReader == null)
                {
                    JToken t = JToken.ReadFrom(reader);
                    tokenReader = (JTokenReader)t.CreateReader();

                    // start
                    CheckedRead(tokenReader);

                    reader = tokenReader;
                }

                if (ReadMetadataPropertiesToken(tokenReader, ref resolvedObjectType, ref contract, member, containerContract, containerMember, existingValue, out newValue, out id))
                    return newValue;
            }
            else
            {
                CheckedRead(reader);
                if (ReadMetadataProperties(reader, ref resolvedObjectType, ref contract, member, containerContract, containerMember, existingValue, out newValue, out id))
                    return newValue;
            }

            if (HasNoDefinedType(contract))
                return CreateJObject(reader);

            switch (contract.ContractType)
            {
                case JsonContractType.Object:
                {
                    bool createdFromNonDefaultCreator = false;
                    JsonObjectContract objectContract = (JsonObjectContract)contract;
                    object targetObject;
                    // check that if type name handling is being used that the existing value is compatible with the specified type
                    if (existingValue != null && (resolvedObjectType == objectType || resolvedObjectType.IsAssignableFrom(existingValue.GetType())))
                        targetObject = existingValue;
                    else
                        targetObject = CreateNewObject(reader, objectContract, member, containerMember, id, out createdFromNonDefaultCreator);

                    // don't populate if read from non-default creator because the object has already been read
                    if (createdFromNonDefaultCreator)
                        return targetObject;

                    return PopulateObject(targetObject, reader, objectContract, member, id);
                }
                case JsonContractType.Primitive:
                {
                    JsonPrimitiveContract primitiveContract = (JsonPrimitiveContract)contract;
                    // if the content is inside $value then read past it
                    if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.PropertyName && string.Equals(reader.Value.ToString(), JsonTypeReflector.ValuePropertyName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
                    {
                        CheckedRead(reader);

                        // the token should not be an object because the $type value could have been included in the object
                        // without needing the $value property
                        if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.StartObject)
                            throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected token when deserializing primitive value: " + reader.TokenType);

                        object value = CreateValueInternal(reader, resolvedObjectType, primitiveContract, member, null, null, existingValue);

                        CheckedRead(reader);
                        return value;
                    }
                    break;
                }
                case JsonContractType.Dictionary:
                {
                    JsonDictionaryContract dictionaryContract = (JsonDictionaryContract)contract;
                    object targetDictionary;

                    if (existingValue == null)
                    {
                        bool createdFromNonDefaultCreator;
                        IDictionary dictionary = CreateNewDictionary(reader, dictionaryContract, out createdFromNonDefaultCreator);

                        if (createdFromNonDefaultCreator)
                        {
                            if (id != null)
                                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Cannot preserve reference to readonly dictionary, or dictionary created from a non-default constructor: {0}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.UnderlyingType));

                            if (contract.OnSerializingCallbacks.Count > 0)
                                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Cannot call OnSerializing on readonly dictionary, or dictionary created from a non-default constructor: {0}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.UnderlyingType));

                            if (contract.OnErrorCallbacks.Count > 0)
                                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Cannot call OnError on readonly list, or dictionary created from a non-default constructor: {0}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.UnderlyingType));

                            if (dictionaryContract.ParametrizedCreator == null)
                                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Cannot deserialize readonly or fixed size dictionary: {0}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.UnderlyingType));
                        }

                        PopulateDictionary(dictionary, reader, dictionaryContract, member, id);

                        if (createdFromNonDefaultCreator)
                        {
                            return dictionaryContract.ParametrizedCreator(dictionary);
                        }
                        else if (dictionary is IWrappedDictionary)
                        {
                            return ((IWrappedDictionary)dictionary).UnderlyingDictionary;
                        }

                        targetDictionary = dictionary;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        targetDictionary = PopulateDictionary(dictionaryContract.ShouldCreateWrapper ? dictionaryContract.CreateWrapper(existingValue) : (IDictionary)existingValue, reader, dictionaryContract, member, id);
                    }

                    return targetDictionary;
                }
#if !(NET35 || NET20 || PORTABLE40)
                case JsonContractType.Dynamic:
                    JsonDynamicContract dynamicContract = (JsonDynamicContract)contract;
                    return CreateDynamic(reader, dynamicContract, member, id);
#endif
#if !(NETFX_CORE || PORTABLE40 || PORTABLE)
                case JsonContractType.Serializable:
                    JsonISerializableContract serializableContract = (JsonISerializableContract)contract;
                    return CreateISerializable(reader, serializableContract, member, id);
#endif
            }

            throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, @"Cannot deserialize the current JSON object (e.g. {{""name"":""value""}}) into type '{0}' because the type requires a {1} to deserialize correctly.
To fix this error either change the JSON to a {1} or change the deserialized type so that it is a normal .NET type (e.g. not a primitive type like integer, not a collection type like an array or List<T>) that can be deserialized from a JSON object. JsonObjectAttribute can also be added to the type to force it to deserialize from a JSON object.
".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, resolvedObjectType, GetExpectedDescription(contract)));
        }
        private bool ReadMetadataPropertiesToken(JTokenReader reader, ref Type objectType, ref JsonContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContainerContract containerContract, JsonProperty containerMember, object existingValue, out object newValue, out string id)
        {
            id = null;
            newValue = null;

            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.StartObject)
            {
                JObject current = (JObject)reader._current;

                JToken refToken = current[JsonTypeReflector.RefPropertyName];
                if (refToken != null)
                {
                    if (refToken.Type != JTokenType.String && refToken.Type != JTokenType.Null)
                        throw JsonSerializationException.Create(refToken, refToken.Path, "JSON reference {0} property must have a string or null value.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, JsonTypeReflector.RefPropertyName), null);

                    JToken property = refToken.Parent;
                    JToken additionalContent = null;
                    if (property.Next != null)
                        additionalContent = property.Next;
                    else if (property.Previous != null)
                        additionalContent = property.Previous;

                    string reference = (string)refToken;

                    if (reference != null)
                    {
                        if (additionalContent != null)
                            throw JsonSerializationException.Create(additionalContent, additionalContent.Path, "Additional content found in JSON reference object. A JSON reference object should only have a {0} property.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, JsonTypeReflector.RefPropertyName), null);

                        newValue = Serializer.GetReferenceResolver().ResolveReference(this, reference);

                        if (TraceWriter != null && TraceWriter.LevelFilter >= TraceLevel.Info)
                            TraceWriter.Trace(TraceLevel.Info, JsonPosition.FormatMessage(reader as IJsonLineInfo, reader.Path, "Resolved object reference '{0}' to {1}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, reference, newValue.GetType())), null);

                        reader.Skip();
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                JToken typeToken = current[JsonTypeReflector.TypePropertyName];
                if (typeToken != null)
                {
                    string qualifiedTypeName = (string)typeToken;
                    JsonReader typeTokenReader = typeToken.CreateReader();
                    CheckedRead(typeTokenReader);
                    ResolveTypeName(typeTokenReader, ref objectType, ref contract, member, containerContract, containerMember, qualifiedTypeName);

                    JToken valueToken = current[JsonTypeReflector.ValuePropertyName];
                    if (valueToken != null)
                    {
                        while (true)
                        {
                            CheckedRead(reader);
                            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.PropertyName)
                            {
                                if ((string)reader.Value == JsonTypeReflector.ValuePropertyName)
                                    return false;
                            }

                            CheckedRead(reader);
                            reader.Skip();
                        }
                    }
                }
                JToken idToken = current[JsonTypeReflector.IdPropertyName];
                if (idToken != null)
                {
                    id = (string)idToken;
                }
                JToken valuesToken = current[JsonTypeReflector.ArrayValuesPropertyName];
                if (valuesToken != null)
                {
                    JsonReader listReader = valuesToken.CreateReader();
                    CheckedRead(listReader);
                    newValue = CreateList(listReader, objectType, contract, member, existingValue, id);

                    reader.Skip();
                    return true;
                }
            }

            CheckedRead(reader);
            return false;
        }
        private object CreateValueInternal(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, JsonContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContainerContract containerContract, JsonProperty containerMember, object existingValue)
        {
            if (contract != null && contract.ContractType == JsonContractType.Linq)
                return CreateJToken(reader, contract);

            do
            {
                switch (reader.TokenType)
                {
                    // populate a typed object or generic dictionary/array
                    // depending upon whether an objectType was supplied
                    case JsonToken.StartObject:
                        return CreateObject(reader, objectType, contract, member, containerContract, containerMember, existingValue);
                    case JsonToken.StartArray:
                        return CreateList(reader, objectType, contract, member, existingValue, null);
                    case JsonToken.Integer:
                    case JsonToken.Float:
                    case JsonToken.Boolean:
                    case JsonToken.Date:
                    case JsonToken.Bytes:
                        return EnsureType(reader, reader.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract, objectType);
                    case JsonToken.String:
                        string s = (string)reader.Value;

                        // convert empty string to null automatically for nullable types
                        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(s) && objectType != typeof(string) && objectType != typeof(object) && contract != null && contract.IsNullable)
                            return null;

                        // string that needs to be returned as a byte array should be base 64 decoded
                        if (objectType == typeof(byte[]))
                            return Convert.FromBase64String(s);

                        return EnsureType(reader, s, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract, objectType);
                    case JsonToken.StartConstructor:
                        string constructorName = reader.Value.ToString();

                        return EnsureType(reader, constructorName, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract, objectType);
                    case JsonToken.Null:
                    case JsonToken.Undefined:
#if !(NETFX_CORE || PORTABLE40 || PORTABLE)
                        if (objectType == typeof(DBNull))
                            return DBNull.Value;
#endif

                        return EnsureType(reader, reader.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract, objectType);
                    case JsonToken.Raw:
                        return new JRaw((string)reader.Value);
                    case JsonToken.Comment:
                        // ignore
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected token while deserializing object: " + reader.TokenType);
                }
            } while (reader.Read());

            throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected end when deserializing object.");
        }
 private JsonConverter GetConverter(JsonContract contract, JsonConverter memberConverter, JsonContainerContract containerContract, JsonProperty containerProperty)
 {
     JsonConverter converter = null;
     if (memberConverter != null)
     {
         // member attribute converter
         converter = memberConverter;
     }
     else if (containerProperty != null && containerProperty.ItemConverter != null)
     {
         converter = containerProperty.ItemConverter;
     }
     else if (containerContract != null && containerContract.ItemConverter != null)
     {
         converter = containerContract.ItemConverter;
     }
     else if (contract != null)
     {
         JsonConverter matchingConverter;
         if (contract.Converter != null)
             // class attribute converter
             converter = contract.Converter;
         else if ((matchingConverter = Serializer.GetMatchingConverter(contract.UnderlyingType)) != null)
             // passed in converters
             converter = matchingConverter;
         else if (contract.InternalConverter != null)
             // internally specified converter
             converter = contract.InternalConverter;
     }
     return converter;
 }
        private bool CalculatePropertyDetails(JsonProperty property, ref JsonConverter propertyConverter, JsonContainerContract containerContract, JsonProperty containerProperty, JsonReader reader, object target, out bool useExistingValue, out object currentValue, out JsonContract propertyContract, out bool gottenCurrentValue)
        {
            currentValue = null;
            useExistingValue = false;
            propertyContract = null;
            gottenCurrentValue = false;

            if (property.Ignored)
                return true;

            JsonToken tokenType = reader.TokenType;

            if (property.PropertyContract == null)
                property.PropertyContract = GetContractSafe(property.PropertyType);

            ObjectCreationHandling objectCreationHandling =
                property.ObjectCreationHandling.GetValueOrDefault(Serializer._objectCreationHandling);

            if ((objectCreationHandling != ObjectCreationHandling.Replace)
                && (tokenType == JsonToken.StartArray || tokenType == JsonToken.StartObject)
                && property.Readable)
            {
                currentValue = property.ValueProvider.GetValue(target);
                gottenCurrentValue = true;

                if (currentValue != null)
                {
                    propertyContract = GetContractSafe(currentValue.GetType());

                    useExistingValue = (!propertyContract.IsReadOnlyOrFixedSize && !propertyContract.UnderlyingType.IsValueType());
                }
            }

            if (!property.Writable && !useExistingValue)
                return true;

            // test tokentype here because null might not be convertable to some types, e.g. ignoring null when applied to DateTime
            if (property.NullValueHandling.GetValueOrDefault(Serializer._nullValueHandling) == NullValueHandling.Ignore && tokenType == JsonToken.Null)
                return true;

            // test tokentype here because default value might not be convertable to actual type, e.g. default of "" for DateTime
            if (HasFlag(property.DefaultValueHandling.GetValueOrDefault(Serializer._defaultValueHandling), DefaultValueHandling.Ignore)
                && !HasFlag(property.DefaultValueHandling.GetValueOrDefault(Serializer._defaultValueHandling), DefaultValueHandling.Populate)
                && JsonReader.IsPrimitiveToken(tokenType)
                && MiscellaneousUtils.ValueEquals(reader.Value, property.GetResolvedDefaultValue()))
                return true;

            if (currentValue == null)
            {
                propertyContract = property.PropertyContract;
            }
            else
            {
                propertyContract = GetContractSafe(currentValue.GetType());

                if (propertyContract != property.PropertyContract)
                    propertyConverter = GetConverter(propertyContract, property.MemberConverter, containerContract, containerProperty);
            }

            return false;
        }
        private object PopulateMultidimensionalArray(IList list, JsonReader reader, JsonArrayContract contract, JsonProperty containerProperty, string id)
        {
            int rank = contract.UnderlyingType.GetArrayRank();

            if (id != null)
                AddReference(reader, id, list);

            OnDeserializing(reader, contract, list);

            JsonContract collectionItemContract = GetContractSafe(contract.CollectionItemType);
            JsonConverter collectionItemConverter = GetConverter(collectionItemContract, null, contract, containerProperty);

            int? previousErrorIndex = null;
            Stack<IList> listStack = new Stack<IList>();
            listStack.Push(list);
            IList currentList = list;

            bool finished = false;
            do
            {
                int initialDepth = reader.Depth;

                if (listStack.Count == rank)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        if (ReadForType(reader, collectionItemContract, collectionItemConverter != null))
                        {
                            switch (reader.TokenType)
                            {
                                case JsonToken.EndArray:
                                    listStack.Pop();
                                    currentList = listStack.Peek();
                                    previousErrorIndex = null;
                                    break;
                                case JsonToken.Comment:
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    object value;

                                    if (collectionItemConverter != null && collectionItemConverter.CanRead)
                                        value = DeserializeConvertable(collectionItemConverter, reader, contract.CollectionItemType, null);
                                    else
                                        value = CreateValueInternal(reader, contract.CollectionItemType, collectionItemContract, null, contract, containerProperty, null);

                                    currentList.Add(value);
                                    break;
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        JsonPosition errorPosition = reader.GetPosition(initialDepth);

                        if (IsErrorHandled(list, contract, errorPosition.Position, reader as IJsonLineInfo, reader.Path, ex))
                        {
                            HandleError(reader, true, initialDepth);

                            if (previousErrorIndex != null && previousErrorIndex == errorPosition.Position)
                            {
                                // reader index has not moved since previous error handling
                                // break out of reading array to prevent infinite loop
                                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Infinite loop detected from error handling.", ex);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                previousErrorIndex = errorPosition.Position;
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            throw;
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if (reader.Read())
                    {
                        switch (reader.TokenType)
                        {
                            case JsonToken.StartArray:
                                IList newList = new List<object>();
                                currentList.Add(newList);
                                listStack.Push(newList);
                                currentList = newList;
                                break;
                            case JsonToken.EndArray:
                                listStack.Pop();

                                if (listStack.Count > 0)
                                {
                                    currentList = listStack.Peek();
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    finished = true;
                                }
                                break;
                            case JsonToken.Comment:
                                break;
                            default:
                                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected token when deserializing multidimensional array: " + reader.TokenType);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } while (!finished);

            if (!finished)
                ThrowUnexpectedEndException(reader, contract, list, "Unexpected end when deserializing array.");

            OnDeserialized(reader, contract, list);
            return list;
        }
        public object CreateNewObject(JsonReader reader, JsonObjectContract objectContract, JsonProperty containerMember, JsonProperty containerProperty, string id, out bool createdFromNonDefaultCreator)
        {
            object newObject = null;

            if (objectContract.OverrideCreator != null)
            {
                if (objectContract.CreatorParameters.Count > 0)
                {
                    createdFromNonDefaultCreator = true;
                    return CreateObjectUsingCreatorWithParameters(reader, objectContract, containerMember, objectContract.OverrideCreator, id);
                }

                newObject = objectContract.OverrideCreator(new object[0]);
            }
            else if (objectContract.DefaultCreator != null &&
                     (!objectContract.DefaultCreatorNonPublic || Serializer._constructorHandling == ConstructorHandling.AllowNonPublicDefaultConstructor || objectContract.ParametrizedCreator == null))
            {
                // use the default constructor if it is...
                // public
                // non-public and the user has change constructor handling settings
                // non-public and there is no other creator
                newObject = objectContract.DefaultCreator();
            }
            else if (objectContract.ParametrizedCreator != null)
            {
                createdFromNonDefaultCreator = true;
                return CreateObjectUsingCreatorWithParameters(reader, objectContract, containerMember, objectContract.ParametrizedCreator, id);
            }

            if (newObject == null)
            {
                if (!objectContract.IsInstantiable)
                    throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Could not create an instance of type {0}. Type is an interface or abstract class and cannot be instantiated.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, objectContract.UnderlyingType));
                
                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unable to find a constructor to use for type {0}. A class should either have a default constructor, one constructor with arguments or a constructor marked with the JsonConstructor attribute.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, objectContract.UnderlyingType));
            }

            createdFromNonDefaultCreator = false;
            return newObject;
        }
        private object CreateList(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, JsonContract contract, JsonProperty member, object existingValue, string id)
        {
            object value;

            if (HasNoDefinedType(contract))
                return CreateJToken(reader, contract);

            JsonArrayContract arrayContract = EnsureArrayContract(reader, objectType, contract);

            if (existingValue == null)
            {
                bool createdFromNonDefaultCreator;
                IList list = CreateNewList(reader, arrayContract, out createdFromNonDefaultCreator);

                if (createdFromNonDefaultCreator)
                {
                    if (id != null)
                        throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Cannot preserve reference to array or readonly list, or list created from a non-default constructor: {0}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.UnderlyingType));

                    if (contract.OnSerializingCallbacks.Count > 0)
                        throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Cannot call OnSerializing on an array or readonly list, or list created from a non-default constructor: {0}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.UnderlyingType));

                    if (contract.OnErrorCallbacks.Count > 0)
                        throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Cannot call OnError on an array or readonly list, or list created from a non-default constructor: {0}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.UnderlyingType));

                    if (arrayContract.ParametrizedCreator == null && !arrayContract.IsArray)
                        throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Cannot deserialize readonly or fixed size list: {0}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.UnderlyingType));
                }

                if (!arrayContract.IsMultidimensionalArray)
                    PopulateList(list, reader, arrayContract, member, id);
                else
                    PopulateMultidimensionalArray(list, reader, arrayContract, member, id);

                if (createdFromNonDefaultCreator)
                {
                    if (arrayContract.IsMultidimensionalArray)
                    {
                        list = CollectionUtils.ToMultidimensionalArray(list, arrayContract.CollectionItemType, contract.CreatedType.GetArrayRank());
                    }
                    else if (arrayContract.IsArray)
                    {
                        Array a = Array.CreateInstance(arrayContract.CollectionItemType, list.Count);
                        list.CopyTo(a, 0);
                        list = a;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // call constructor that takes IEnumerable<T>
                        return arrayContract.ParametrizedCreator(list);
                    }
                }
                else if (list is IWrappedCollection)
                {
                    return ((IWrappedCollection)list).UnderlyingCollection;
                }

                value = list;
            }
            else
            {
                value = PopulateList((arrayContract.ShouldCreateWrapper) ? arrayContract.CreateWrapper(existingValue) : (IList)existingValue, reader, arrayContract, member, id);
            }

            return value;
        }
        private object CreateObjectUsingCreatorWithParameters(JsonReader reader, JsonObjectContract contract, JsonProperty containerProperty, ObjectConstructor<object> creator, string id)
        {
            ValidationUtils.ArgumentNotNull(creator, "creator");

            // only need to keep a track of properies presence if they are required or a value should be defaulted if missing
            Dictionary<JsonProperty, PropertyPresence> propertiesPresence = (contract.HasRequiredOrDefaultValueProperties || HasFlag(Serializer._defaultValueHandling, DefaultValueHandling.Populate))
                ? contract.Properties.ToDictionary(m => m, m => PropertyPresence.None)
                : null;

            Type objectType = contract.UnderlyingType;

            if (TraceWriter != null && TraceWriter.LevelFilter >= TraceLevel.Info)
            {
                string parameters = string.Join(", ", contract.CreatorParameters.Select(p => p.PropertyName).ToArray());
                TraceWriter.Trace(TraceLevel.Info, JsonPosition.FormatMessage(reader as IJsonLineInfo, reader.Path, "Deserializing {0} using creator with parameters: {1}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.UnderlyingType, parameters)), null);
            }

            IDictionary<string, object> extensionData;
            IDictionary<JsonProperty, object> propertyValues = ResolvePropertyAndCreatorValues(contract, containerProperty, reader, objectType, out extensionData);

            object[] creatorParameterValues = new object[contract.CreatorParameters.Count];
            IDictionary<JsonProperty, object> remainingPropertyValues = new Dictionary<JsonProperty, object>();

            foreach (KeyValuePair<JsonProperty, object> propertyValue in propertyValues)
            {
                JsonProperty matchingCreatorParameter = contract.CreatorParameters.ForgivingCaseSensitiveFind(p => p.PropertyName, propertyValue.Key.PropertyName);
                if (matchingCreatorParameter != null)
                {
                    int i = contract.CreatorParameters.IndexOf(matchingCreatorParameter);
                    creatorParameterValues[i] = propertyValue.Value;
                }
                else
                {
                    remainingPropertyValues.Add(propertyValue);
                }

                if (propertiesPresence != null)
                {
                    // map from creator property to normal property
                    var property = propertiesPresence.Keys.FirstOrDefault(p => p.PropertyName == propertyValue.Key.PropertyName);
                    if (property != null)
                        propertiesPresence[property] = (propertyValue.Value == null) ? PropertyPresence.Null : PropertyPresence.Value;
                }
            }

            object createdObject = creator(creatorParameterValues);

            if (id != null)
                AddReference(reader, id, createdObject);

            OnDeserializing(reader, contract, createdObject);

            // go through unused values and set the newly created object's properties
            foreach (KeyValuePair<JsonProperty, object> remainingPropertyValue in remainingPropertyValues)
            {
                JsonProperty property = remainingPropertyValue.Key;
                object value = remainingPropertyValue.Value;

                if (ShouldSetPropertyValue(property, value))
                {
                    property.ValueProvider.SetValue(createdObject, value);
                }
                else if (!property.Writable && value != null)
                {
                    // handle readonly collection/dictionary properties
                    JsonContract propertyContract = Serializer._contractResolver.ResolveContract(property.PropertyType);

                    if (propertyContract.ContractType == JsonContractType.Array)
                    {
                        JsonArrayContract propertyArrayContract = (JsonArrayContract)propertyContract;

                        object createdObjectCollection = property.ValueProvider.GetValue(createdObject);
                        if (createdObjectCollection != null)
                        {
                            IWrappedCollection createdObjectCollectionWrapper = propertyArrayContract.CreateWrapper(createdObjectCollection);
                            IWrappedCollection newValues = propertyArrayContract.CreateWrapper(value);

                            foreach (object newValue in newValues)
                            {
                                createdObjectCollectionWrapper.Add(newValue);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else if (propertyContract.ContractType == JsonContractType.Dictionary)
                    {
                        JsonDictionaryContract dictionaryContract = (JsonDictionaryContract)propertyContract;

                        object createdObjectDictionary = property.ValueProvider.GetValue(createdObject);
                        if (createdObjectDictionary != null)
                        {
                            IDictionary targetDictionary = (dictionaryContract.ShouldCreateWrapper) ? dictionaryContract.CreateWrapper(createdObjectDictionary) : (IDictionary)createdObjectDictionary;
                            IDictionary newValues = (dictionaryContract.ShouldCreateWrapper) ? dictionaryContract.CreateWrapper(value) : (IDictionary)value;

                            foreach (DictionaryEntry newValue in newValues)
                            {
                                targetDictionary.Add(newValue.Key, newValue.Value);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if (extensionData != null)
            {
                foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> e in extensionData)
                {
                    contract.ExtensionDataSetter(createdObject, e.Key, e.Value);
                }
            }

            EndObject(createdObject, reader, contract, reader.Depth, propertiesPresence);

            OnDeserialized(reader, contract, createdObject);
            return createdObject;
        }
        private IDictionary<JsonProperty, object> ResolvePropertyAndCreatorValues(JsonObjectContract contract, JsonProperty containerProperty, JsonReader reader, Type objectType, out IDictionary<string, object> extensionData)
        {
            extensionData = (contract.ExtensionDataSetter != null) ? new Dictionary<string, object>() : null;

            IDictionary<JsonProperty, object> propertyValues = new Dictionary<JsonProperty, object>();
            bool exit = false;
            do
            {
                switch (reader.TokenType)
                {
                    case JsonToken.PropertyName:
                        string memberName = reader.Value.ToString();

                        // attempt exact case match first
                        // then try match ignoring case
                        JsonProperty property = contract.CreatorParameters.GetClosestMatchProperty(memberName) ??
                                                contract.Properties.GetClosestMatchProperty(memberName);

                        if (property != null)
                        {
                            if (property.PropertyContract == null)
                                property.PropertyContract = GetContractSafe(property.PropertyType);

                            JsonConverter propertyConverter = GetConverter(property.PropertyContract, property.MemberConverter, contract, containerProperty);

                            if (!ReadForType(reader, property.PropertyContract, propertyConverter != null))
                                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected end when setting {0}'s value.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, memberName));

                            if (!property.Ignored)
                            {
                                if (property.PropertyContract == null)
                                    property.PropertyContract = GetContractSafe(property.PropertyType);

                                object propertyValue;
                                if (propertyConverter != null && propertyConverter.CanRead)
                                    propertyValue = DeserializeConvertable(propertyConverter, reader, property.PropertyType, null);
                                else
                                    propertyValue = CreateValueInternal(reader, property.PropertyType, property.PropertyContract, property, contract, containerProperty, null);

                                propertyValues[property] = propertyValue;
                                continue;
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            if (!reader.Read())
                                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected end when setting {0}'s value.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, memberName));

                            if (TraceWriter != null && TraceWriter.LevelFilter >= TraceLevel.Verbose)
                                TraceWriter.Trace(TraceLevel.Verbose, JsonPosition.FormatMessage(reader as IJsonLineInfo, reader.Path, "Could not find member '{0}' on {1}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, memberName, contract.UnderlyingType)), null);

                            if (Serializer._missingMemberHandling == MissingMemberHandling.Error)
                                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Could not find member '{0}' on object of type '{1}'".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, memberName, objectType.Name));
                        }

                        if (extensionData != null)
                        {
                            object value = CreateValueInternal(reader, null, null, null, contract, containerProperty, null);
                            extensionData[memberName] = value;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            reader.Skip();
                        }
                        break;
                    case JsonToken.Comment:
                        break;
                    case JsonToken.EndObject:
                        exit = true;
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected token when deserializing object: " + reader.TokenType);
                }
            } while (!exit && reader.Read());

            return propertyValues;
        }
        private object CreateDynamic(JsonReader reader, JsonDynamicContract contract, JsonProperty member, string id)
        {
            IDynamicMetaObjectProvider newObject;

            if (!contract.IsInstantiable)
                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Could not create an instance of type {0}. Type is an interface or abstract class and cannot be instantiated.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.UnderlyingType));

            if (contract.DefaultCreator != null &&
                (!contract.DefaultCreatorNonPublic || Serializer._constructorHandling == ConstructorHandling.AllowNonPublicDefaultConstructor))
                newObject = (IDynamicMetaObjectProvider)contract.DefaultCreator();
            else
                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unable to find a default constructor to use for type {0}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.UnderlyingType));

            if (id != null)
                AddReference(reader, id, newObject);

            OnDeserializing(reader, contract, newObject);

            int initialDepth = reader.Depth;

            bool finished = false;
            do
            {
                switch (reader.TokenType)
                {
                    case JsonToken.PropertyName:
                        string memberName = reader.Value.ToString();

                        try
                        {
                            if (!reader.Read())
                                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected end when setting {0}'s value.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, memberName));

                            // first attempt to find a settable property, otherwise fall back to a dynamic set without type
                            JsonProperty property = contract.Properties.GetClosestMatchProperty(memberName);

                            if (property != null && property.Writable && !property.Ignored)
                            {
                                if (property.PropertyContract == null)
                                    property.PropertyContract = GetContractSafe(property.PropertyType);

                                JsonConverter propertyConverter = GetConverter(property.PropertyContract, property.MemberConverter, null, null);

                                if (!SetPropertyValue(property, propertyConverter, null, member, reader, newObject))
                                    reader.Skip();
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                Type t = (JsonReader.IsPrimitiveToken(reader.TokenType)) ? reader.ValueType : typeof(IDynamicMetaObjectProvider);

                                JsonContract dynamicMemberContract = GetContractSafe(t);
                                JsonConverter dynamicMemberConverter = GetConverter(dynamicMemberContract, null, null, member);

                                object value;
                                if (dynamicMemberConverter != null && dynamicMemberConverter.CanRead)
                                    value = DeserializeConvertable(dynamicMemberConverter, reader, t, null);
                                else
                                    value = CreateValueInternal(reader, t, dynamicMemberContract, null, null, member, null);

                                contract.TrySetMember(newObject, memberName, value);
                            }
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex)
                        {
                            if (IsErrorHandled(newObject, contract, memberName, reader as IJsonLineInfo, reader.Path, ex))
                                HandleError(reader, true, initialDepth);
                            else
                                throw;
                        }
                        break;
                    case JsonToken.EndObject:
                        finished = true;
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected token when deserializing object: " + reader.TokenType);
                }
            } while (!finished && reader.Read());

            if (!finished)
                ThrowUnexpectedEndException(reader, contract, newObject, "Unexpected end when deserializing object.");

            OnDeserialized(reader, contract, newObject);

            return newObject;
        }
        private object CreateISerializable(JsonReader reader, JsonISerializableContract contract, JsonProperty member, string id)
        {
            Type objectType = contract.UnderlyingType;

            if (!JsonTypeReflector.FullyTrusted)
            {
                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, @"Type '{0}' implements ISerializable but cannot be deserialized using the ISerializable interface because the current application is not fully trusted and ISerializable can expose secure data.
To fix this error either change the environment to be fully trusted, change the application to not deserialize the type, add JsonObjectAttribute to the type or change the JsonSerializer setting ContractResolver to use a new DefaultContractResolver with IgnoreSerializableInterface set to true.
".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, objectType));
            }

            if (TraceWriter != null && TraceWriter.LevelFilter >= TraceLevel.Info)
                TraceWriter.Trace(TraceLevel.Info, JsonPosition.FormatMessage(reader as IJsonLineInfo, reader.Path, "Deserializing {0} using ISerializable constructor.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.UnderlyingType)), null);

            SerializationInfo serializationInfo = new SerializationInfo(contract.UnderlyingType, GetFormatterConverter());

            bool finished = false;
            do
            {
                switch (reader.TokenType)
                {
                    case JsonToken.PropertyName:
                        string memberName = reader.Value.ToString();
                        if (!reader.Read())
                            throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected end when setting {0}'s value.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, memberName));

                        if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.StartObject)
                        {
                            // this will read any potential type names embedded in json
                            object o = CreateObject(reader, null, null, null, contract, member, null);
                            serializationInfo.AddValue(memberName, o);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            serializationInfo.AddValue(memberName, JToken.ReadFrom(reader));
                        }
                        break;
                    case JsonToken.Comment:
                        break;
                    case JsonToken.EndObject:
                        finished = true;
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected token when deserializing object: " + reader.TokenType);
                }
            } while (!finished && reader.Read());

            if (!finished)
                ThrowUnexpectedEndException(reader, contract, serializationInfo, "Unexpected end when deserializing object.");

            if (contract.ISerializableCreator == null)
                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "ISerializable type '{0}' does not have a valid constructor. To correctly implement ISerializable a constructor that takes SerializationInfo and StreamingContext parameters should be present.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, objectType));

            object createdObject = contract.ISerializableCreator(serializationInfo, Serializer._context);

            if (id != null)
                AddReference(reader, id, createdObject);

            // these are together because OnDeserializing takes an object but for an ISerializable the object is fully created in the constructor
            OnDeserializing(reader, contract, createdObject);
            OnDeserialized(reader, contract, createdObject);

            return createdObject;
        }
        private object PopulateList(IList list, JsonReader reader, JsonArrayContract contract, JsonProperty containerProperty, string id)
        {
            IWrappedCollection wrappedCollection = list as IWrappedCollection;
            object underlyingList = wrappedCollection != null ? wrappedCollection.UnderlyingCollection : list;

            if (id != null)
                AddReference(reader, id, underlyingList);

            // can't populate an existing array
            if (list.IsFixedSize)
            {
                reader.Skip();
                return underlyingList;
            }

            OnDeserializing(reader, contract, underlyingList);

            int initialDepth = reader.Depth;

            if (contract.ItemContract == null)
                contract.ItemContract = GetContractSafe(contract.CollectionItemType);

            JsonConverter collectionItemConverter = GetConverter(contract.ItemContract, null, contract, containerProperty);

            int? previousErrorIndex = null;

            bool finished = false;
            do
            {
                try
                {
                    if (ReadForType(reader, contract.ItemContract, collectionItemConverter != null))
                    {
                        switch (reader.TokenType)
                        {
                            case JsonToken.EndArray:
                                finished = true;
                                break;
                            case JsonToken.Comment:
                                break;
                            default:
                                object value;

                                if (collectionItemConverter != null && collectionItemConverter.CanRead)
                                    value = DeserializeConvertable(collectionItemConverter, reader, contract.CollectionItemType, null);
                                else
                                    value = CreateValueInternal(reader, contract.CollectionItemType, contract.ItemContract, null, contract, containerProperty, null);

                                list.Add(value);
                                break;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    JsonPosition errorPosition = reader.GetPosition(initialDepth);

                    if (IsErrorHandled(underlyingList, contract, errorPosition.Position, reader as IJsonLineInfo, reader.Path, ex))
                    {
                        HandleError(reader, true, initialDepth);

                        if (previousErrorIndex != null && previousErrorIndex == errorPosition.Position)
                        {
                            // reader index has not moved since previous error handling
                            // break out of reading array to prevent infinite loop
                            throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Infinite loop detected from error handling.", ex);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            previousErrorIndex = errorPosition.Position;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw;
                    }
                }
            } while (!finished);

            if (!finished)
                ThrowUnexpectedEndException(reader, contract, underlyingList, "Unexpected end when deserializing array.");

            OnDeserialized(reader, contract, underlyingList);
            return underlyingList;
        }
        private bool ReadMetadataProperties(JsonReader reader, ref Type objectType, ref JsonContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContainerContract containerContract, JsonProperty containerMember, object existingValue, out object newValue, out string id)
        {
            id = null;
            newValue = null;

            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.PropertyName)
            {
                string propertyName = reader.Value.ToString();

                if (propertyName.Length > 0 && propertyName[0] == '$')
                {
                    // read metadata properties
                    // $type, $id, $ref, etc
                    bool metadataProperty;

                    do
                    {
                        propertyName = reader.Value.ToString();

                        if (string.Equals(propertyName, JsonTypeReflector.RefPropertyName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
                        {
                            CheckedRead(reader);
                            if (reader.TokenType != JsonToken.String && reader.TokenType != JsonToken.Null)
                                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "JSON reference {0} property must have a string or null value.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, JsonTypeReflector.RefPropertyName));

                            string reference = (reader.Value != null) ? reader.Value.ToString() : null;

                            CheckedRead(reader);

                            if (reference != null)
                            {
                                if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.PropertyName)
                                    throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Additional content found in JSON reference object. A JSON reference object should only have a {0} property.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, JsonTypeReflector.RefPropertyName));

                                newValue = Serializer.GetReferenceResolver().ResolveReference(this, reference);

                                if (TraceWriter != null && TraceWriter.LevelFilter >= TraceLevel.Info)
                                    TraceWriter.Trace(TraceLevel.Info, JsonPosition.FormatMessage(reader as IJsonLineInfo, reader.Path, "Resolved object reference '{0}' to {1}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, reference, newValue.GetType())), null);

                                return true;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                metadataProperty = true;
                            }
                        }
                        else if (string.Equals(propertyName, JsonTypeReflector.TypePropertyName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
                        {
                            CheckedRead(reader);
                            string qualifiedTypeName = reader.Value.ToString();

                            ResolveTypeName(reader, ref objectType, ref contract, member, containerContract, containerMember, qualifiedTypeName);

                            CheckedRead(reader);

                            metadataProperty = true;
                        }
                        else if (string.Equals(propertyName, JsonTypeReflector.IdPropertyName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
                        {
                            CheckedRead(reader);

                            id = (reader.Value != null) ? reader.Value.ToString() : null;

                            CheckedRead(reader);
                            metadataProperty = true;
                        }
                        else if (string.Equals(propertyName, JsonTypeReflector.ArrayValuesPropertyName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
                        {
                            CheckedRead(reader);
                            object list = CreateList(reader, objectType, contract, member, existingValue, id);
                            CheckedRead(reader);
                            newValue = list;
                            return true;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            metadataProperty = false;
                        }
                    } while (metadataProperty && reader.TokenType == JsonToken.PropertyName);
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
        private object PopulateObject(object newObject, JsonReader reader, JsonObjectContract contract, JsonProperty member, string id)
        {
            OnDeserializing(reader, contract, newObject);

            // only need to keep a track of properies presence if they are required or a value should be defaulted if missing
            Dictionary<JsonProperty, PropertyPresence> propertiesPresence = (contract.HasRequiredOrDefaultValueProperties || HasFlag(Serializer._defaultValueHandling, DefaultValueHandling.Populate))
                ? contract.Properties.ToDictionary(m => m, m => PropertyPresence.None)
                : null;

            if (id != null)
                AddReference(reader, id, newObject);

            int initialDepth = reader.Depth;

            bool finished = false;
            do
            {
                switch (reader.TokenType)
                {
                    case JsonToken.PropertyName:
                    {
                        string memberName = reader.Value.ToString();

                        if (CheckPropertyName(reader, memberName))
                            continue;

                        try
                        {
                            // attempt exact case match first
                            // then try match ignoring case
                            JsonProperty property = contract.Properties.GetClosestMatchProperty(memberName);

                            if (property == null)
                            {
                                if (TraceWriter != null && TraceWriter.LevelFilter >= TraceLevel.Verbose)
                                    TraceWriter.Trace(TraceLevel.Verbose, JsonPosition.FormatMessage(reader as IJsonLineInfo, reader.Path, "Could not find member '{0}' on {1}".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, memberName, contract.UnderlyingType)), null);

                                if (Serializer._missingMemberHandling == MissingMemberHandling.Error)
                                    throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Could not find member '{0}' on object of type '{1}'".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, memberName, contract.UnderlyingType.Name));

                                if (!reader.Read())
                                    break;

                                SetExtensionData(contract, member, reader, memberName, newObject);
                                continue;
                            }

                            if (property.PropertyContract == null)
                                property.PropertyContract = GetContractSafe(property.PropertyType);

                            JsonConverter propertyConverter = GetConverter(property.PropertyContract, property.MemberConverter, contract, member);

                            if (!ReadForType(reader, property.PropertyContract, propertyConverter != null))
                                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected end when setting {0}'s value.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, memberName));

                            SetPropertyPresence(reader, property, propertiesPresence);

                            // set extension data if property is ignored or readonly
                            if (!SetPropertyValue(property, propertyConverter, contract, member, reader, newObject))
                                SetExtensionData(contract, member, reader, memberName, newObject);
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex)
                        {
                            if (IsErrorHandled(newObject, contract, memberName, reader as IJsonLineInfo, reader.Path, ex))
                                HandleError(reader, true, initialDepth);
                            else
                                throw;
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    case JsonToken.EndObject:
                        finished = true;
                        break;
                    case JsonToken.Comment:
                        // ignore
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected token when deserializing object: " + reader.TokenType);
                }
            } while (!finished && reader.Read());

            if (!finished)
                ThrowUnexpectedEndException(reader, contract, newObject, "Unexpected end when deserializing object.");

            EndObject(newObject, reader, contract, initialDepth, propertiesPresence);

            OnDeserialized(reader, contract, newObject);
            return newObject;
        }
        private void ResolveTypeName(JsonReader reader, ref Type objectType, ref JsonContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContainerContract containerContract, JsonProperty containerMember, string qualifiedTypeName)
        {
            TypeNameHandling resolvedTypeNameHandling =
                ((member != null) ? member.TypeNameHandling : null)
                ?? ((containerContract != null) ? containerContract.ItemTypeNameHandling : null)
                ?? ((containerMember != null) ? containerMember.ItemTypeNameHandling : null)
                ?? Serializer._typeNameHandling;

            if (resolvedTypeNameHandling != TypeNameHandling.None)
            {
                string typeName;
                string assemblyName;
                ReflectionUtils.SplitFullyQualifiedTypeName(qualifiedTypeName, out typeName, out assemblyName);

                Type specifiedType;
                try
                {
                    specifiedType = Serializer._binder.BindToType(assemblyName, typeName);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Error resolving type specified in JSON '{0}'.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, qualifiedTypeName), ex);
                }

                if (specifiedType == null)
                    throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Type specified in JSON '{0}' was not resolved.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, qualifiedTypeName));

                if (TraceWriter != null && TraceWriter.LevelFilter >= TraceLevel.Verbose)
                    TraceWriter.Trace(TraceLevel.Verbose, JsonPosition.FormatMessage(reader as IJsonLineInfo, reader.Path, "Resolved type '{0}' to {1}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, qualifiedTypeName, specifiedType)), null);

                if (objectType != null
#if !(NET35 || NET20 || PORTABLE40)
                    && objectType != typeof(IDynamicMetaObjectProvider)
#endif
                    && !objectType.IsAssignableFrom(specifiedType))
                    throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Type specified in JSON '{0}' is not compatible with '{1}'.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, specifiedType.AssemblyQualifiedName, objectType.AssemblyQualifiedName));

                objectType = specifiedType;
                contract = GetContractSafe(specifiedType);
            }
        }
        private void SetExtensionData(JsonObjectContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonReader reader, string memberName, object o)
        {
            if (contract.ExtensionDataSetter != null)
            {
                try
                {
                    object value = CreateValueInternal(reader, null, null, null, contract, member, null);

                    contract.ExtensionDataSetter(o, memberName, value);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Error setting value in extension data for type '{0}'.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.UnderlyingType), ex);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                reader.Skip();
            }
        }
        private bool SetPropertyValue(JsonProperty property, JsonConverter propertyConverter, JsonContainerContract containerContract, JsonProperty containerProperty, JsonReader reader, object target)
        {
            object currentValue;
            bool useExistingValue;
            JsonContract propertyContract;
            bool gottenCurrentValue;

            if (CalculatePropertyDetails(property, ref propertyConverter, containerContract, containerProperty, reader, target, out useExistingValue, out currentValue, out propertyContract, out gottenCurrentValue))
                return false;

            object value;

            if (propertyConverter != null && propertyConverter.CanRead)
            {
                if (!gottenCurrentValue && target != null && property.Readable)
                    currentValue = property.ValueProvider.GetValue(target);

                value = DeserializeConvertable(propertyConverter, reader, property.PropertyType, currentValue);
            }
            else
            {
                value = CreateValueInternal(reader, property.PropertyType, propertyContract, property, containerContract, containerProperty, (useExistingValue) ? currentValue : null);
            }

            // always set the value if useExistingValue is false,
            // otherwise also set it if CreateValue returns a new value compared to the currentValue
            // this could happen because of a JsonConverter against the type
            if ((!useExistingValue || value != currentValue)
                && ShouldSetPropertyValue(property, value))
            {
                property.ValueProvider.SetValue(target, value);

                if (property.SetIsSpecified != null)
                {
                    if (TraceWriter != null && TraceWriter.LevelFilter >= TraceLevel.Verbose)
                        TraceWriter.Trace(TraceLevel.Verbose, JsonPosition.FormatMessage(reader as IJsonLineInfo, reader.Path, "IsSpecified for property '{0}' on {1} set to true.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, property.PropertyName, property.DeclaringType)), null);

                    property.SetIsSpecified(target, true);
                }

                return true;
            }

            // the value wasn't set be JSON was populated onto the existing value
            return useExistingValue;
        }
 private void SetPropertyPresence(JsonReader reader, JsonProperty property, Dictionary<JsonProperty, PropertyPresence> requiredProperties)
 {
     if (property != null && requiredProperties != null)
     {
         requiredProperties[property] = (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Null || reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Undefined)
             ? PropertyPresence.Null
             : PropertyPresence.Value;
     }
 }
        private bool ShouldSetPropertyValue(JsonProperty property, object value)
        {
            if (property.NullValueHandling.GetValueOrDefault(Serializer._nullValueHandling) == NullValueHandling.Ignore && value == null)
                return false;

            if (HasFlag(property.DefaultValueHandling.GetValueOrDefault(Serializer._defaultValueHandling), DefaultValueHandling.Ignore)
                && !HasFlag(property.DefaultValueHandling.GetValueOrDefault(Serializer._defaultValueHandling), DefaultValueHandling.Populate)
                && MiscellaneousUtils.ValueEquals(value, property.GetResolvedDefaultValue()))
                return false;

            if (!property.Writable)
                return false;

            return true;
        }
        private object PopulateDictionary(IDictionary dictionary, JsonReader reader, JsonDictionaryContract contract, JsonProperty containerProperty, string id)
        {
            IWrappedDictionary wrappedDictionary = dictionary as IWrappedDictionary;
            object underlyingDictionary = wrappedDictionary != null ? wrappedDictionary.UnderlyingDictionary : dictionary;

            if (id != null)
                AddReference(reader, id, underlyingDictionary);

            OnDeserializing(reader, contract, underlyingDictionary);

            int initialDepth = reader.Depth;

            if (contract.KeyContract == null)
                contract.KeyContract = GetContractSafe(contract.DictionaryKeyType);

            if (contract.ItemContract == null)
                contract.ItemContract = GetContractSafe(contract.DictionaryValueType);

            JsonConverter dictionaryValueConverter = contract.ItemConverter ?? GetConverter(contract.ItemContract, null, contract, containerProperty);
            PrimitiveTypeCode keyTypeCode = (contract.KeyContract is JsonPrimitiveContract) ? ((JsonPrimitiveContract)contract.KeyContract).TypeCode : PrimitiveTypeCode.Empty;

            bool finished = false;
            do
            {
                switch (reader.TokenType)
                {
                    case JsonToken.PropertyName:
                        object keyValue = reader.Value;
                        if (CheckPropertyName(reader, keyValue.ToString()))
                            continue;

                        try
                        {
                            try
                            {
                                DateParseHandling dateParseHandling;
                                switch (keyTypeCode)
                                {
                                    case PrimitiveTypeCode.DateTime:
                                    case PrimitiveTypeCode.DateTimeNullable:
                                        dateParseHandling = DateParseHandling.DateTime;
                                        break;
#if !NET20
                                    case PrimitiveTypeCode.DateTimeOffset:
                                    case PrimitiveTypeCode.DateTimeOffsetNullable:
                                        dateParseHandling = DateParseHandling.DateTimeOffset;
                                        break;
#endif
                                    default:
                                        dateParseHandling = DateParseHandling.None;
                                        break;
                                }

                                // this is for correctly reading ISO and MS formatted dictionary keys
                                object dt;
                                if (dateParseHandling != DateParseHandling.None && DateTimeUtils.TryParseDateTime(keyValue.ToString(), dateParseHandling, reader.DateTimeZoneHandling, reader.DateFormatString, reader.Culture, out dt))
                                    keyValue = dt;
                                else
                                    keyValue = EnsureType(reader, keyValue, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, contract.KeyContract, contract.DictionaryKeyType);
                            }
                            catch (Exception ex)
                            {
                                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Could not convert string '{0}' to dictionary key type '{1}'. Create a TypeConverter to convert from the string to the key type object.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, reader.Value, contract.DictionaryKeyType), ex);
                            }

                            if (!ReadForType(reader, contract.ItemContract, dictionaryValueConverter != null))
                                throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected end when deserializing object.");

                            object itemValue;
                            if (dictionaryValueConverter != null && dictionaryValueConverter.CanRead)
                                itemValue = DeserializeConvertable(dictionaryValueConverter, reader, contract.DictionaryValueType, null);
                            else
                                itemValue = CreateValueInternal(reader, contract.DictionaryValueType, contract.ItemContract, null, contract, containerProperty, null);

                            dictionary[keyValue] = itemValue;
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex)
                        {
                            if (IsErrorHandled(underlyingDictionary, contract, keyValue, reader as IJsonLineInfo, reader.Path, ex))
                                HandleError(reader, true, initialDepth);
                            else
                                throw;
                        }
                        break;
                    case JsonToken.Comment:
                        break;
                    case JsonToken.EndObject:
                        finished = true;
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw JsonSerializationException.Create(reader, "Unexpected token when deserializing object: " + reader.TokenType);
                }
            } while (!finished && reader.Read());

            if (!finished)
                ThrowUnexpectedEndException(reader, contract, underlyingDictionary, "Unexpected end when deserializing object.");

            OnDeserialized(reader, contract, underlyingDictionary);
            return underlyingDictionary;
        }