/// <summary>
/// Sets the status for the specified integer to false.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="inputInteger">The integer to set the status for.</param>
public void SetStatusFalse(Int64 inputInteger)
{
LongIntegerRange rangeToModify = null;
// Create an integer range based on the inputted integer
LongIntegerRange inputIntegerRange = new LongIntegerRange(inputInteger, 1);
// Attempt to find the range holding the inputted integer
Tuple <Boolean, LongIntegerRange> nextLowerRange = rangeStatuses.GetNextLessThan(inputIntegerRange);
// Check whether a range starting with the specified integer exists in the tree
if (rangeStatuses.Contains(inputIntegerRange) == true)
{
// Need special handling if inputInteger is Int64.MaxValue
if (inputInteger == Int64.MaxValue)
{
rangeToModify = new LongIntegerRange(inputInteger, 1);
}
else
{
rangeToModify = rangeStatuses.GetNextLessThan(new LongIntegerRange(inputInteger + 1, 1)).Item2;
}
}
// Otherwise check whether the specified integer exists in the next lower range
else if (nextLowerRange.Item1 == true && (inputInteger <= (nextLowerRange.Item2.StartValue + nextLowerRange.Item2.Length - 1)))
{
rangeToModify = nextLowerRange.Item2;
}
if (rangeToModify != null)
{
// Handle the case where the inputted integer is at the start of the range to modify
if (inputInteger == rangeToModify.StartValue)
{
if (rangeToModify.Length == 1)
{
rangeStatuses.Remove(rangeToModify);
}
else
{
rangeToModify.Length = rangeToModify.Length - 1;
rangeToModify.StartValue = rangeToModify.StartValue + 1;
}
}
// Handle the case where the inputted integer is at the end of the range to modify
else if (inputInteger == (rangeToModify.StartValue + rangeToModify.Length - 1))
{
rangeToModify.Length = rangeToModify.Length - 1;
}
// Handle the case where the inputted integer is in the middle of the range to modify
else
{
LongIntegerRange newRange = new LongIntegerRange(inputInteger + 1, rangeToModify.Length - (inputInteger - rangeToModify.StartValue + 1));
rangeToModify.Length = inputInteger - rangeToModify.StartValue;
rangeStatuses.Add(newRange);
}
count--;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets a contiguous range of statuses to true when all statuses are false.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rangeStart">The inclusive start of the range of integers to set to true.</param>
/// <param name="rangeEnd">The inclusive end of the range of integers to set to true.</param>
/// <exception cref="System.InvalidOperationException">Statuses for integers have been set to true.</exception>
/// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">Parameter 'rangeEnd' is less than parameter 'rangeStart'.</exception>
/// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">The total inclusive range exceeds Int64.MaxValue.</exception>
public void SetRangeTrue(Int64 rangeStart, Int64 rangeEnd)
{
if (rangeStatuses.Count != 0)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("A range of statuses can only be set true when all existing statuses are false.");
}
if (rangeEnd < rangeStart)
{
throw new ArgumentException($"Parameter '{nameof(rangeEnd)}' must be greater than or equal to parameter '{nameof(rangeStart)}'.", nameof(rangeEnd));
}
if (rangeStart < 1)
{
if (rangeStart + Int64.MaxValue <= rangeEnd)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The total inclusive range cannot exceed Int64.MaxValue.", nameof(rangeEnd));
}
}
else if (rangeEnd > -2)
{
if (rangeEnd - Int64.MaxValue >= rangeStart)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The total inclusive range cannot exceed Int64.MaxValue.", nameof(rangeEnd));
}
}
var newRange = new LongIntegerRange(rangeStart, rangeEnd - rangeStart + 1);
rangeStatuses.Add(newRange);
count = newRange.Length;
}
/// <summary>
/// Initialises a new instance of the MoreComplexDataStructures.UniqueRandomGenerator class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rangeStart">The inclusive start of the range to generate random numbers from.</param>
/// <param name="rangeEnd">The inclusive end of the range to generate random numbers from.</param>
/// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">Parameter 'rangeEnd' is less than parameter 'rangeStart'.</exception>
/// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">The total inclusive range exceeds Int64.MaxValue.</exception>
public UniqueRandomGenerator(Int64 rangeStart, Int64 rangeEnd)
{
if (rangeEnd < rangeStart)
{
throw new ArgumentException($"Parameter '{nameof(rangeEnd)}' must be greater than or equal to parameter '{nameof(rangeStart)}'.", nameof(rangeEnd));
}
if (rangeStart < 1)
{
if (rangeStart + Int64.MaxValue <= rangeEnd)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The total inclusive range cannot exceed Int64.MaxValue.", nameof(rangeEnd));
}
}
else if (rangeEnd > -2)
{
if (rangeEnd - Int64.MaxValue >= rangeStart)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The total inclusive range cannot exceed Int64.MaxValue.", nameof(rangeEnd));
}
}
rangeTree = new RangeTree();
var baseRange = new LongIntegerRange(rangeStart, rangeEnd - rangeStart + 1);
var baseRangeAndCounts = new RangeAndSubtreeCounts(baseRange, 0, 0);
rangeTree.Add(baseRangeAndCounts);
this.rangeStart = rangeStart;
this.rangeEnd = rangeEnd;
numbersGeneratedCount = 0;
randomGenerator = new DefaultRandomGenerator();
}
/// <summary>
/// Initialises a new instance of the MoreComplexDataStructures.UniqueRandomGenerator+RangeAndSubtreeCounts class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="range">The range of integers.</param>
/// <param name="leftSubtreeRangeCount">The total count of integers in the left subtree of a node holding an instance of this class.</param>
/// <param name="rightSubtreeRangeCount">The total count of integers in the right subtree of a node holding an instance of this class.</param>
public RangeAndSubtreeCounts(LongIntegerRange range, Int64 leftSubtreeRangeCount, Int64 rightSubtreeRangeCount)
{
ValidateSubtreeRangeCount(leftSubtreeRangeCount, "leftSubtreeRangeCount");
ValidateSubtreeRangeCount(rightSubtreeRangeCount, "rightSubtreeRangeCount");
this.range = range;
this.leftSubtreeRangeCount = leftSubtreeRangeCount;
this.rightSubtreeRangeCount = rightSubtreeRangeCount;
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the lowest unflagged number in the range.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>A tuple containing 2 values: a boolean indicating whether any flagged numbers exist (false if no flagged numbers exist), and the lowest unflagged number in the range (or 0 if no unflagged numbers exist).</returns>
public Tuple <Boolean, Int64> GetLowestUnflaggedNumber()
{
if (rangeStorer.Count == 0)
{
return(new Tuple <Boolean, Int64>(false, 0));
}
else
{
LongIntegerRange lowestRange = rangeStorer.MinimumRange;
return(new Tuple <Boolean, Int64>(true, lowestRange.StartValue));
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the highest unflagged number in the range.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>A tuple containing 2 values: a boolean indicating whether any flagged numbers exist (false if no flagged numbers exist), and the highest unflagged number in the range (or 0 if no unflagged numbers exist).</returns>
public Tuple <Boolean, Int64> GetHighestUnflaggedNumber()
{
if (rangeStorer.Count == 0)
{
return(new Tuple <Boolean, Int64>(false, 0));
}
else
{
LongIntegerRange highestRange = rangeStorer.MaximumRange;
return(new Tuple <Boolean, Int64>(true, highestRange.StartValue + highestRange.Length - 1));
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets the status for the specified integer to true.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="inputInteger">The integer to set the status for.</param>
/// <exception cref="System.InvalidOperationException">The class cannot support storing statuses for greater than Int64.MaxValue integers.</exception>
public void SetStatusTrue(Int64 inputInteger)
{
if (count == Int64.MaxValue)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("The class cannot support storing statuses for greater than Int64.MaxValue integers.");
}
// Create an integer range based on the inputted integer
LongIntegerRange inputIntegerRange = new LongIntegerRange(inputInteger, 1);
// Check whether a range starting with the specified integer already exists in the tree
if (rangeStatuses.Contains(inputIntegerRange) == true)
{
return;
}
Tuple <Boolean, LongIntegerRange> nextLowerRange = rangeStatuses.GetNextLessThan(inputIntegerRange);
Tuple <Boolean, LongIntegerRange> nextGreaterRange = rangeStatuses.GetNextGreaterThan(inputIntegerRange);
// Check whether the specified integer exists in the next lower range
if (nextLowerRange.Item1 == true && (inputInteger <= (nextLowerRange.Item2.StartValue + nextLowerRange.Item2.Length - 1)))
{
return;
}
// Handle the case where the new integer 'merges' two existing ranges
if (IntegerIsImmediatelyGreaterThanRange(inputInteger, nextLowerRange) && IntegerIsImmediatelyLessThanRange(inputInteger, nextGreaterRange))
{
rangeStatuses.Remove(nextGreaterRange.Item2);
nextLowerRange.Item2.Length = nextLowerRange.Item2.Length + 1 + nextGreaterRange.Item2.Length;
}
// Handle the case where the new integer 'extends' the next lower range by 1
else if (IntegerIsImmediatelyGreaterThanRange(inputInteger, nextLowerRange))
{
nextLowerRange.Item2.Length = nextLowerRange.Item2.Length + 1;
}
// Handle the case where the new integer reduces the start value of the next greater range by 1
else if (IntegerIsImmediatelyLessThanRange(inputInteger, nextGreaterRange))
{
nextGreaterRange.Item2.StartValue = nextGreaterRange.Item2.StartValue - 1;
nextGreaterRange.Item2.Length = nextGreaterRange.Item2.Length + 1;
}
// Otherwise add a new range starting at 'inputInteger' with length = 1
else
{
rangeStatuses.Add(inputIntegerRange);
}
count++;
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns copies of all number ranges in the underlying tree in descending order.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>All number ranges in the underlying tree in descending order.</returns>
/// <remarks>Note that copies/clones of the actual ranges are returned to prevent modification/invalidation of the underlying tree structure.</remarks>
public IEnumerable <LongIntegerRange> GetAllRangesDescending()
{
if (rangeStatuses.Count == 0)
{
yield break;
}
LongIntegerRange maximumRange = rangeStatuses.Max;
yield return(new LongIntegerRange(maximumRange.StartValue, maximumRange.Length));
foreach (LongIntegerRange currentRange in rangeStatuses.GetAllLessThan(maximumRange))
{
yield return(new LongIntegerRange(currentRange.StartValue, currentRange.Length));
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the current status for the specified integer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="inputInteger">The integer to retrieve the status for.</param>
/// <returns>The status of the integer.</returns>
public Boolean GetStatus(Int64 inputInteger)
{
// Create an integer range based on the inputted integer
LongIntegerRange inputIntegerRange = new LongIntegerRange(inputInteger, 1);
// Check whether a range starting with the specified integer exists in the tree
if (rangeStatuses.Contains(inputIntegerRange) == true)
{
return(true);
}
Tuple <Boolean, LongIntegerRange> nextLowerRange = rangeStatuses.GetNextLessThan(inputIntegerRange);
// Check whether the specified integer exists in the next lower range
if (nextLowerRange.Item1 == true && (inputInteger <= (nextLowerRange.Item2.StartValue + nextLowerRange.Item2.Length - 1)))
{
return(true);
}
return(false);
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets the random weightings, and the item corresponding to each weighting.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="weightings">The set of weightings defined by list of tuples containing 2 values: the item to attach to the weighting, and a weighting allocated to random selection of the item (i.e. an item with weight 2 will be twice as likely to be selected as an item with weight 1).</param>
/// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">The specified set of weightings is empty.</exception>
/// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">The total of the specified weightings exceeds Int64.MaxValue.</exception>
/// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">The specified weightings contain a duplicate item.</exception>
public void SetWeightings(IList <Tuple <T, Int64> > weightings)
{
if (weightings.Count == 0)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The specified set of weightings is empty.", nameof(weightings));
}
Clear();
var weightingsAsRanges = new ItemAndWeighting <T> [weightings.Count];
Int64 nextRangeStartValue = 0;
Int32 currentIndex = 0;
foreach (Tuple <T, Int64> currentWeighting in weightings)
{
if ((Int64.MaxValue - 1) - nextRangeStartValue < (currentWeighting.Item2 - 1))
{
throw new ArgumentException("The total of the specified weightings cannot exceed Int64.MaxValue.", nameof(weightings));
}
var currentRange = new LongIntegerRange(nextRangeStartValue, currentWeighting.Item2);
weightingsAsRanges[currentIndex] = new ItemAndWeighting <T>(currentWeighting.Item1, currentRange);
currentIndex++;
weightingsTotal += (currentWeighting.Item2);
nextRangeStartValue += currentWeighting.Item2;
}
foreach (ItemAndWeighting <T> currentItemAndWeighting in weightingsAsRanges)
{
if (itemToWeightingMap.ContainsKey(currentItemAndWeighting.Item) == true)
{
throw new ArgumentException($"The specified weightings contain duplicate item with value = '{currentItemAndWeighting.Item.ToString()}'.", nameof(weightings));
}
weightingRangesAndItems.Add(currentItemAndWeighting);
itemToWeightingMap.Add(currentItemAndWeighting.Item, currentItemAndWeighting.Weighting);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Initialises a new instance of the MoreComplexDataStructures.WeightedRandomGenerator+ItemAndWeighting class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item">The item attached to the weighting.</param>
/// <param name="weighting">The weighting.</param>
public ItemAndWeighting(T item, LongIntegerRange weighting)
{
this.item = item;
this.weighting = weighting;
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns a unique random number from within the range.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The random number.</returns>
/// <exception cref="System.InvalidOperationException">No further unique numbers remain in the range.</exception>
public Int64 Generate()
{
if (NumbersRemainingCount == 0)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot generate a random number as no further unique numbers exist in the specified range.");
}
WeightBalancedTreeNode <RangeAndSubtreeCounts> currentNode = rangeTree.RootNode;
Int64 returnNumber = 0;
while (true)
{
// Decide whether to stop at this node, or to move left or right
Int64 randomRange = currentNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount + currentNode.Item.Range.Length + currentNode.Item.RightSubtreeRangeCount;
Int64 randomNumber = randomGenerator.Next(randomRange);
if (randomNumber < currentNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount)
{
// Move to the left child node
currentNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount--;
currentNode = currentNode.LeftChildNode;
}
else if (randomNumber >= (currentNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount + currentNode.Item.Range.Length))
{
// Move to the right child node
currentNode.Item.RightSubtreeRangeCount--;
currentNode = currentNode.RightChildNode;
}
else
{
// Stop traversing at the current node
returnNumber = (randomNumber - currentNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount) + currentNode.Item.Range.StartValue;
break;
}
}
if (returnNumber == currentNode.Item.Range.StartValue)
{
if (currentNode.Item.Range.Length == 1)
{
if (currentNode.LeftChildNode != null && currentNode.RightChildNode != null)
{
// The current node will be swapped with the next less than or next greater than, so need to update the subtree range counts between the current and swapped nodes
WeightBalancedTreeNode <RangeAndSubtreeCounts> swapNode = null;
if (currentNode.LeftSubtreeSize > currentNode.RightSubtreeSize)
{
// The current node will be swapped with the next less than
swapNode = rangeTree.GetNextLessThan(currentNode);
swapNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount = currentNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount - swapNode.Item.Range.Length;
swapNode.Item.RightSubtreeRangeCount = currentNode.Item.RightSubtreeRangeCount;
}
else
{
// The current node will be swapped with the next greater than
swapNode = rangeTree.GetNextGreaterThan(currentNode);
swapNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount = currentNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount;
swapNode.Item.RightSubtreeRangeCount = currentNode.Item.RightSubtreeRangeCount - swapNode.Item.Range.Length;
}
// Update the subtree range counts
Func <WeightBalancedTreeNode <RangeAndSubtreeCounts>, Nullable <Boolean>, Boolean> updateSubtreeRangeCountFunc = (node, nodeTraversedToFromLeft) =>
{
if (node == currentNode)
{
return(false);
}
if (nodeTraversedToFromLeft.HasValue)
{
if (nodeTraversedToFromLeft == true)
{
node.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount -= swapNode.Item.Range.Length;
}
else
{
node.Item.RightSubtreeRangeCount -= swapNode.Item.Range.Length;
}
}
return(true);
};
rangeTree.TraverseUpToNode(swapNode, updateSubtreeRangeCountFunc);
}
rangeTree.Remove(currentNode.Item);
}
else
{
// Shorten the range on the left side
currentNode.Item.Range.StartValue++;
currentNode.Item.Range.Length--;
}
}
else if (returnNumber == (currentNode.Item.Range.StartValue + currentNode.Item.Range.Length - 1))
{
// Shorten the range on the right side
currentNode.Item.Range.Length--;
}
else
{
// Split the range
var leftSideRange = new LongIntegerRange(currentNode.Item.Range.StartValue, returnNumber - currentNode.Item.Range.StartValue);
var newNodeItem = new RangeAndSubtreeCounts(leftSideRange, currentNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount, currentNode.Item.RightSubtreeRangeCount);
var newNode = new WeightBalancedTreeNode <RangeAndSubtreeCounts>(newNodeItem, null);
currentNode.Item.Range.Length -= (returnNumber - currentNode.Item.Range.StartValue + 1);
currentNode.Item.Range.StartValue = returnNumber + 1;
WeightBalancedTreeNode <RangeAndSubtreeCounts> upperNode = null;
if (currentNode.LeftSubtreeSize > currentNode.RightSubtreeSize)
{
// 'Push' the current node down right
if (currentNode == rangeTree.RootNode)
{
rangeTree.RootNode = newNode;
}
else
{
if (currentNode.ParentNode.LeftChildNode == currentNode)
{
currentNode.ParentNode.LeftChildNode = newNode;
}
else
{
currentNode.ParentNode.RightChildNode = newNode;
}
newNode.ParentNode = currentNode.ParentNode;
}
newNode.LeftChildNode = currentNode.LeftChildNode;
currentNode.LeftChildNode.ParentNode = newNode;
newNode.RightChildNode = currentNode;
newNode.LeftSubtreeSize = currentNode.LeftSubtreeSize;
newNode.RightSubtreeSize = 1 + currentNode.RightSubtreeSize;
newNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount = currentNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount;;
newNode.Item.RightSubtreeRangeCount = currentNode.Item.Range.Length + currentNode.Item.RightSubtreeRangeCount;
currentNode.ParentNode = newNode;
currentNode.LeftChildNode = null;
currentNode.LeftSubtreeSize = 0;
currentNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount = 0;
upperNode = newNode;
}
else
{
// 'Push' the new node down left
newNode.LeftChildNode = currentNode.LeftChildNode;
newNode.RightChildNode = null;
newNode.LeftSubtreeSize = currentNode.LeftSubtreeSize;
newNode.RightSubtreeSize = 0;
newNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount = currentNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount;
newNode.Item.RightSubtreeRangeCount = 0;
newNode.ParentNode = currentNode;
if (newNode.LeftChildNode != null)
{
newNode.LeftChildNode.ParentNode = newNode;
}
currentNode.LeftChildNode = newNode;
currentNode.LeftSubtreeSize++;
currentNode.Item.LeftSubtreeRangeCount += newNode.Item.Range.Length;
upperNode = currentNode;
}
// Update the subtree sizes
Action <WeightBalancedTreeNode <RangeAndSubtreeCounts>, Nullable <Boolean> > incrementSubtreeSizeAction = (node, nodeTraversedToFromLeft) =>
{
if (nodeTraversedToFromLeft.HasValue)
{
if (nodeTraversedToFromLeft.Value == true)
{
node.LeftSubtreeSize++;
}
else
{
node.RightSubtreeSize++;
}
}
};
rangeTree.TraverseUpFromNode(upperNode, incrementSubtreeSizeAction);
// Balance the tree
rangeTree.BalanceTreeUpFromNode(upperNode);
}
numbersGeneratedCount++;
return(returnNumber);
}