/*
* Evaluate function to evaluate the nodes of my tree. I added a variable to keep track of how many turns players got.
* if each player got equal number of turns then the number is 0, if top got more is <0 and opposite for bottom
* Note: my Max is for the bottom because I could visualize it better that way.
* */
public int evaluate(Board b, int playsinarow)
{
int score = b.stonesAt(6) - b.stonesAt(13);
int stones = 0;
int distributedstones = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{
stones = stones + (b.stonesAt(i) - b.stonesAt(12 - i));//who has controll of more stones
}
if (b.gameOver())
{
score += stones; //if game is over add the extra stones to the scores
}
int goagains = 0; //figure out how many go agains may be possible at the begininng of the next turn
if (b.whoseMove() == Position.Top)
{
for (int i = 12; i >= 7; i--)
{ // try first go-again
if (b.stonesAt(i) == 13 - i)
{
goagains--;
}
distributedstones = i - 13 + b.stonesAt(i); //find the distribution of the stones
}
}
else
{
for (int i = 5; i >= 0; i--)
{
if (b.stonesAt(i) == 6 - i)
{
goagains++;
}
distributedstones = 6 - i - b.stonesAt(i);
}
}
//note that plays and go agains are raised to the power of three to conserve signs and help promote sprees.
return(40 * score + 2 * Convert.ToInt32(Math.Pow((playsinarow + goagains), 3)) + 30 * distributedstones);//weights were found be tweeking to find the most defensive and offensive bot.
}
/*
* Evaluate: return a number saying how much we like this board.
* TOP is MAX, so positive scores should be better for TOP.
* This default just counts the score so far. Override to improve!
*/
public virtual int evaluate(Board b)
{
int score = 0;
bool allZeros = true;
int endCaptures = 0;
int stonesAt = 0;
score += (b.stonesAt(13) - b.stonesAt(6)) * 100;
for (int i = 12; i >= 7; i--)
{
stonesAt = b.stonesAt(i);
if (b.stonesAt(12 - i) > 0)
{
allZeros = false;
}
//if (stonesAt == 0)
// score += 2 * b.stonesAt(12 - i);
endCaptures += stonesAt;
}
if (allZeros)
{
score += endCaptures * 100;
}
allZeros = true;
endCaptures = 0;
for (int i = 5; i >= 0; i--)
{
stonesAt = b.stonesAt(i);
if (b.stonesAt(12 - i) > 0)
{
allZeros = false;
}
//if (stonesAt == 0)
// score -= 2 * b.stonesAt(12 - i);
endCaptures += stonesAt;
}
if (allZeros)
{
score -= endCaptures * 100;
}
return(score);
}
/*
* Evaluate: return a number saying how much we like this board.
* h1 = the difference in score
* h2 = stones in my home
* h3 = stones in opponent's home
* h4 = whether or not to go again
* h5 = whether or not to capture opponent's pieces
*/
public override int evaluate(Board b)
{
int h1;
int h2;
int h3;
int h4 = 0;
int h5 = 0;
int target;
int captureTarget;
int score;
if (me == Position.Top)
{
h2 = b.stonesAt(13); // stones in my home
h3 = b.stonesAt(6); // stones in opponent's home
h1 = h2 - b.scoreBot(); // my margin of winning/losing
for (int i = 7; i < 13; i++)
{
target = (i + b.stonesAt(i)) % 12;
captureTarget = ((target - 12) + (2 * (12 - target))); // lookup the spot on the opposite of the board for a potential capture
if (target == 13 && b.whoseMove() == me) // if the move will end in my home -- a go-again
{
h4 = 1;
}
else if (b.stonesAt(target) == 0 && target > 6 && b.whoseMove() == me) // if it is possible to get a capture
{
if (b.stonesAt(captureTarget) > 2) // see if capture is worth it
{
h5 = 50;
}
}
}
}
else
{ // if I'm on the bottom, do the same thing but changed for the bottom half of the board
h2 = b.stonesAt(6);
h3 = b.stonesAt(13);
h1 = h2 - b.scoreTop();
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{
target = (i + b.stonesAt(i)) % 12;
captureTarget = ((target + 12) - (2 * target));
if (target == 6 && b.whoseMove() == me)
{
h4 = 1;
}
else if (b.stonesAt(target) == 0 && target < 6 && b.whoseMove() == me) // if it is possible to get a capture
{
if (b.stonesAt(captureTarget) > 2) // see if capture is worth it
{
h5 = 50;
}
}
}
}
score = h1 + h2 + h5 + h4;
score = (me == Position.Top) ? score : -1 * score;
if (h2 > 24) // if we've won -- really want this
{
score += 500;
}
else if (h3 > 24) // if opponent has won -- really don't want this
{
score -= 500;
}
return(score);
}
/* Evaluate: override --> consider at least 3 more factors
* The University of Kansas researched that there are 7
* factors that play an important role for winning in Mancala
* for the sake of time, I will focus on 3 of them.
* total stones, go agains, and captures total
*/
public override int evaluate(Board b) // ---> change this
{
int score = b.stonesAt(13) - b.stonesAt(6); //followed from example of player class
// score = (b.whoseMove() == Position.Top) ? score : -1 * score;
int totalStones = 0;
int goAgainTotal = 0;
int capturesTotal = 0;
if (b.whoseMove() == Position.Top)
{
for (int i = 7; i <= 12; i++) //position == TOP
{
totalStones += b.stonesAt(i); //add all of the stones in the top row
if (b.stonesAt(i) - (13 - i) == 0) //add the times you can go again
{
goAgainTotal += 1;
}
int target = i + b.stonesAt(i);
if (target < 13)
{
int tStones = b.stonesAt(target);
if (b.whoseMove() == Position.Top)
{
if (tStones == 0 && b.stonesAt(13 - target - 1) != 0)
{
capturesTotal += b.stonesAt(13 - target - 1);
}
}
}
}
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++)
{ //position == BOTTOM
totalStones -= b.stonesAt(i); //subtract all the stones from the bottom row
if (b.stonesAt(i) - (6 - i) == 0)
{ //for the bottom row
goAgainTotal -= 1; //subtract go agains
}
int target = i + b.stonesAt(i);
if (target < 6)
{
int tStones = b.stonesAt(target);
if (b.whoseMove() == Position.Bottom)
{
if (tStones == 0 && b.stonesAt(13 - target - 1) != 0)
{
capturesTotal -= b.stonesAt(13 - target - 1);
}
}
}
}
}
capturesTotal = (b.whoseMove() == Position.Top) ? capturesTotal : -1 * capturesTotal;
totalStones = (b.whoseMove() == Position.Top) ? totalStones : -1 * totalStones;
goAgainTotal = (b.whoseMove() == Position.Top) ? goAgainTotal : -1 * goAgainTotal;
score += totalStones + capturesTotal + goAgainTotal;
return(score);
}
/*Evaluate function used when the end game is not clear
* Uses heuristic found on github by previous student
* Code belongs to Chan Kim ([email protected])
*/
public override int evaluate(Board b)
{
int score = b.stonesAt(13) - b.stonesAt(6);
int stonesTotal = 0;
int goAgainsTotal = 0;
int capturesTotal = 0;
for (int i = 7; i <= 12; i++)
{
int priority = 0;
int target = b.stonesAt(i) % (13 - i);
int targetStonesAt = b.stonesAt(target + 7);
if (b.whoseMove() == Position.Bottom)
{
stonesTotal -= b.stonesAt(i);
if ((b.stonesAt(i) - (13 - i) == 0) || (b.stonesAt(i) - (13 - i)) == 13)
{
goAgainsTotal -= (1 + priority);
}
if (targetStonesAt == 0 && b.stonesAt(i) == (13 - i + target + 7))
{
capturesTotal += (b.stonesAt(i) + b.stonesAt(12 - target));
}
}
else
{
stonesTotal += b.stonesAt(i);
if ((b.stonesAt(i) - (13 - i) == 0) || (b.stonesAt(i) - (13 - i)) == 13)
{
goAgainsTotal += (1 + priority);
}
if (targetStonesAt == 0 && b.stonesAt(i) == (13 - i + target + 7))
{
capturesTotal -= (b.stonesAt(i) + b.stonesAt(12 - target));
}
}
priority++;
}
for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++)
{
int priority = 0;
int target = b.stonesAt(i) % (13 - i);
int targetStonesAt = b.stonesAt(target);
if (b.whoseMove() == Position.Bottom)
{
stonesTotal += b.stonesAt(i);
if ((b.stonesAt(i) - (6 - i) == 0) || (b.stonesAt(i) - (6 - i)) == 13)
{
goAgainsTotal -= (1 + priority);
}
if (targetStonesAt == 0 && b.stonesAt(i) == (13 - i + target))
{
capturesTotal -= (b.stonesAt(i) + b.stonesAt(12 - target));
}
}
else
{
stonesTotal -= b.stonesAt(i);
if ((b.stonesAt(i) - (6 - i) == 0) || (b.stonesAt(i) - (6 - i)) == 13)
{
goAgainsTotal += (1 + priority);
}
if (targetStonesAt == 0 && b.stonesAt(i) == (13 - i + target))
{
capturesTotal += (b.stonesAt(i) + b.stonesAt(12 - target));
}
}
priority++;
}
score += stonesTotal + capturesTotal + goAgainsTotal;
return(score);
//int score;
//if (us == Position.Top)
// score = b.scoreTop() - b.scoreBot();
//else
// score = b.scoreBot() - b.scoreTop();
//return score;
}
// evaluates the board from minimax search for total stones, possible replays and captures
public override int evaluate(Board b)
{
int score = b.stonesAt(13) - b.stonesAt(6);
int totalStones = 0; //total stones on the board
int playAgain = 0; //total go-agains from ending in own bin
int captures = 0; //total number of possible captures
int targetPit = 0; //last pit into which stones from current pit will go
if (b.whoseMove() == Position.Top)
{
for (int i = 7; i < 13; i++)
{
totalStones += b.stonesAt(i);
if (b.stonesAt(i) == (13 - i))
{
playAgain++;
}
targetPit = i + b.stonesAt(i);
if (targetPit < 13 && (b.stonesAt(targetPit) == 0 && b.stonesAt(12 - i) > 0))
{
captures++;
}
}
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{
totalStones -= b.stonesAt(i);
if (b.stonesAt(i) == (13 - i))
{
playAgain--;
}
targetPit = i + b.stonesAt(i);
if (targetPit < 13 && (b.stonesAt(targetPit) == 0 && b.stonesAt(12 - i) > 0))
{
captures--;
}
}
}
return(score + playAgain + captures + totalStones);
}
// evaluates the board based on potential go-agains, captures, and stones each side has
// and returns a score based on those values
public override int evaluate(Board b)
{
int score = b.stonesAt(13) - b.stonesAt(6);
int totalStones = 0;
int goAgains = 0;
int captures = 0;
for (int i = 7; i <= 12; i++)
{
int priority = 0;
int target = b.stonesAt(i) % (13 - i);
int targetStonesAt = b.stonesAt(target + 7);
if (b.whoseMove() == Position.Bottom)
{
totalStones -= b.stonesAt(i);
if ((b.stonesAt(i) - (13 - i) == 0) || (b.stonesAt(i) - (13 - i)) == 13)
{
goAgains -= (1 + priority);
}
if (targetStonesAt == 0 && b.stonesAt(i) == (13 - i + target + 7))
{
captures += (b.stonesAt(i) + b.stonesAt(12 - target));
}
}
else
{
totalStones += b.stonesAt(i);
if ((b.stonesAt(i) - (13 - i) == 0) || (b.stonesAt(i) - (13 - i)) == 13)
{
goAgains += (1 + priority);
}
if (targetStonesAt == 0 && b.stonesAt(i) == (13 - i + target + 7))
{
captures -= (b.stonesAt(i) + b.stonesAt(12 - target));
}
}
priority++;
}
for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++)
{
int priority = 0;
int target = b.stonesAt(i) % (13 - i);
int targetStonesAt = b.stonesAt(target);
if (b.whoseMove() == Position.Bottom)
{
totalStones += b.stonesAt(i);
if ((b.stonesAt(i) - (6 - i) == 0) || (b.stonesAt(i) - (6 - i)) == 13)
{
goAgains -= (1 + priority);
}
if (targetStonesAt == 0 && b.stonesAt(i) == (13 - i + target))
{
captures -= (b.stonesAt(i) + b.stonesAt(12 - target));
}
}
else
{
totalStones -= b.stonesAt(i);
if ((b.stonesAt(i) - (6 - i) == 0) || (b.stonesAt(i) - (6 - i)) == 13)
{
goAgains += (1 + priority);
}
if (targetStonesAt == 0 && b.stonesAt(i) == (13 - i + target))
{
captures += (b.stonesAt(i) + b.stonesAt(12 - target));
}
}
priority++;
}
score += totalStones + captures + goAgains;
return(score);
}
// The overriden evaluate() function checks various features of the current board, and
// attempts to predict the score in order to assisst the minimax function in
// choosing the best move to make. The score will generally be negative if
// bottom is predicted to win, and positive if top is predicted to win.
public override int evaluate(Board b)
{
// heuristics
int score = b.stonesAt(13) - b.stonesAt(6); // necessary, tested as one of the best heuristics
int stonesTotal = 0; // established that it is very good, both by tests and articles (1)
int goAgainsTotal = 0; // established as accurate, it will add an extra point if a 'go-again' is possible (2)
int capturesTotal = 0; // established as accurate, it adds the actual number of points that would be captured (3)
int opponentWinning = 0; // not entirely accurate, the weights are subject to change (4)
// TOP loop - calcuate heuristics for the top player
for (int i = 7; i <= 12; i++)
{
// add all the stones in the top row
stonesTotal += b.stonesAt(i);
// add all the 'go-again's in the top row
if (b.stonesAt(i) - (13 - i) == 0)
{
goAgainsTotal += 1;
}
// add all of stones that can be obtained through captures
int target = i + b.stonesAt(i);
if (target < 13)
{
int targetStones = b.stonesAt(target);
if (b.whoseMove() == Position.Top)
{
if (targetStones == 0 && b.stonesAt(13 - target - 1) != 0)
{
capturesTotal += b.stonesAt(13 - target - 1);
}
}
}
}
// BOTTOM loop - calcuate heuristics for the bottom player
for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++)
{
// subtract all the stones in the bottom row
stonesTotal -= b.stonesAt(i);
// add all the 'go-again's in the bottom row
if (b.stonesAt(i) - (6 - i) == 0)
{
goAgainsTotal -= 1;
}
// subtract all of stones that can be obtained through captures
int target = i + b.stonesAt(i);
if (target < 6)
{
int targetStones = b.stonesAt(target);
if (b.whoseMove() == Position.Bottom)
{
if (targetStones == 0 && b.stonesAt(13 - target - 1) != 0)
{
capturesTotal -= b.stonesAt(13 - target - 1);
}
}
}
}
// calculate the 'closeness' of the opponent winning
if (b.whoseMove() == Position.Top)
{
// if you are top and your opponent is close to winning, give some points to MIN
if (b.stonesAt(6) > 24)
{
opponentWinning -= 3;
}
}
else
{
// if you are bottom and your opponent is close to winning, give some points to MAX
if (b.stonesAt(13) > 24)
{
opponentWinning += 3;
}
}
// add up all of the heuristics and return what is believed the score will be
score += stonesTotal + capturesTotal + opponentWinning + goAgainsTotal;
return(score);
}
/*
* Evaluate: return a number saying how much we like this board.
* TOP is MAX, so positive scores should be better for TOP.
* This default just counts the score so far. Override to improve!
*/
public virtual int evaluate(Board b)
{
return(b.stonesAt(13) - b.stonesAt(6));
}
//Function evaulates the board and returns a score paired with a board space value
public int evaluate(Board b)
{
int score = 0;
if (b.whoseMove() == Position.Top)
{
//oppoDiff is used to keep the difference between the current hole and the opposite one across the board
for (int i = 12; i >= 7; i--)
{
int lastHole = (i + b.stonesAt(i)) % 13;
// CASE 1.0: If there's a go-again available, add 2 to the score
if (b.stonesAt(i) == 13 - i)
{
score += 2;
}
// CASE 1.1: If there's a go-again available for the opponent, subtract 1 from the score
//also use loop for...
// CASE 2.0: If the holes are empty, check to see if they can be filled
// ...and...
//CASE 2.1: Check opponent's holes to see if they can be filled
for (int j = 5; j >= 0; j--)
{
int lastOppoHole = (j + b.stonesAt(j)) % 13;
//CASE 1.1 check...
if (b.stonesAt(j) == 6 - j)
{
score -= 2;
//Counter-attack: If this opponent hole can be filled by the stones in the current hole,
//add to score
if (b.stonesAt(j) < lastHole)
{
score += 5;
}
}
//CASE 2.0 check...
if (b.stonesAt(j) == 0)
{
if (lastHole >= j)
{
score += 5;
}
}
//CASE 2.1 check...
if (j + lastOppoHole >= i)
{
score -= 2;
}
}
//If the last stone is placed within the top...
if (lastHole < 13)
{
// CASE 3.0: Possible stone capture
if (b.stonesAt(lastHole) == 0)
{
//if the last stone is placed in an empty hole on the top
score += 1;
if (b.stonesAt(getOpposite(lastHole)) != 0)
{
//if there are stones found in the opposite hole, add them to the score
score += b.stonesAt(getOpposite(lastHole));
}
}
//CASE 3.1: Last stone placed will contribute to a possible capture from your opponent
else
{
//If the opposite hole is empty and not 0
if (b.stonesAt(getOpposite(lastHole)) == 0 && getOpposite(lastHole) != 0)
{
for (int j = b.stonesAt(getOpposite(lastHole - 1)); j >= 0; j--)
{ //If any of the holes leading up to the opposite empty hole have enough stones
//to put one in the empty hole and capture, subtract from the score
if (b.stonesAt(j) + j == b.stonesAt(getOpposite(lastHole)))
{
score -= b.stonesAt(i);
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
else
{
for (int i = 5; i >= 0; i--)
{
//int lasthole is the hole that gets the last stone from hole i
int lastHole = (i + b.stonesAt(i)) % 13;
// CASE 1.0: If there's a go-again available, add 2 to the score
if (b.stonesAt(i) == 6 - i)
{
score += 2;
}
// CASE 1.1: If there's a go-again available for the opponent, subtract 1 from the score
//also use loop for...
// CASE 2.0: if the holes are empty, check to see if they can be filled
for (int j = 12; j >= 7; j--)
{
int lastOppoHole = (j + b.stonesAt(j)) % 13;
if (b.stonesAt(j) == 13 - j)
{
score -= 2;
//Counter-attack: If this opponent hole can be filled by the stones in the current hole,
//add to score
if (b.stonesAt(j) < lastHole)
{
score += 5;
}
}
//CASE 2.0 case check...
if (b.stonesAt(j) == 0)
{
if (lastHole >= j)
{
score += 5;
}
}
//CASE 2.1 check...
if (j + lastOppoHole >= i)
{
score -= 2;
}
}
//If the last stone is placed within the bottom...
if (lastHole < 6)
{
//CASE 3.0: Possible stone capture
if (b.stonesAt(lastHole) == 0)
{
//if the last stone is placed in an empty hole on the bottom
score += 1;
//if there are stones found in the opposite hole, add them to the score
if (b.stonesAt(getOpposite(lastHole)) != 0)
{
score += b.stonesAt(getOpposite(lastHole));
}
}
//CASE 3.1: Last stone placed will contribute to a possible capture from your opponent
else
{
//If the opposite hole is empty and not 7
if (b.stonesAt(getOpposite(lastHole)) == 0 && getOpposite(lastHole) != 7)
{
for (int j = b.stonesAt(getOpposite(lastHole - 1)); j >= 0; j--)
{ //If any of the holes leading up to the opposite empty hole have enough stones
//to put one in the empty hole and capture, subtract from the score
if (b.stonesAt(j) + j == b.stonesAt(getOpposite(lastHole)))
{
score -= b.stonesAt(i);
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
return(score);
}
/*Evaluate function used when the end game is not clear
* Uses 5 heuristics found by researchers at the University of Kansas to be the best
* Heuristic research found at https://fiasco.ittc.ku.edu/publications/documents/Gifford_ITTC-FY2009-TR-03050-03.pdf
* h1 is my score - opponent's score
* h2 is how close I am to winning
* h3 is how close the opponent is to winning
* h4 is the number of stones close to my home
* h5 is the number of stones far from my home (on my side of the board)
*/
public override int evaluate(Board b)
{
int h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, target, sum;
h6 = 0;
if (us == Position.Top)
{
h2 = b.stonesAt(13);
h3 = b.stonesAt(6);
h1 = h2 - b.scoreBot();
h4 = b.stonesAt(11) + b.stonesAt(12);
h5 = b.stonesAt(7) + b.stonesAt(8);
for (int i = 7; i < 13; i++)
{
target = i + b.stonesAt(i);
if (target == 13) //calculating go-agains
{
//if (b.stonesAt(target) == 0 && b.stonesAt(12 - target) != 0)
// h6 += b.stonesAt(12 - target);
h6 = 100;
}
}
}
else
{
h2 = b.stonesAt(6);
h3 = b.stonesAt(13);
h1 = h2 - b.scoreTop();
h4 = b.stonesAt(4) + b.stonesAt(5);
h5 = b.stonesAt(0) + b.stonesAt(1);
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{
target = i + b.stonesAt(i);
if (target == 6) //calculating go-agains
{
//if (b.stonesAt(target) == 0 && b.stonesAt(12 - target) != 0)
// h6 += b.stonesAt(12 - target);
h6 = 100;
}
}
}
sum = (h1 + 10) + (h2 + 8) - (h3 + 8) - (h4 + 4) + (h5 + 4) + (h6 + 0);
sum = (us == Position.Top) ? sum : -1 * sum;
if (h2 > 24) //If we have at least half of the stones
{
sum += 500;
}
else if (h3 > 24) //If opponent has at least half of the stones
{
sum -= 500;
}
return(sum);
//int score;
//if (us == Position.Top)
// score = b.scoreTop() - b.scoreBot();
//else
// score = b.scoreBot() - b.scoreTop();
//return score;
}
/*Evaluate function used when the end game is not clear
* Uses 5 heuristics found by researchers at the University of Kansas to be the best
* Heuristic research found at https://fiasco.ittc.ku.edu/publications/documents/Gifford_ITTC-FY2009-TR-03050-03.pdf
* h1 is my score - opponent's score
* h2 is how close I am to winning
* h3 is how close the opponent is to winning
* h4 is the number of stones close to my home
* h5 is the number of stones far from my home (on my side of the board)
*/
public override int evaluate(Board b)
{
int h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, sum;
if (us == Position.Top)
{
h2 = b.stonesAt(13);
h3 = b.stonesAt(6);
h1 = h2 - b.scoreBot();
h4 = b.stonesAt(11) + b.stonesAt(12);
h5 = b.stonesAt(7) + b.stonesAt(8);
}
else
{
h2 = b.stonesAt(6);
h3 = b.stonesAt(13);
h1 = h2 - b.scoreTop();
h4 = b.stonesAt(4) + b.stonesAt(5);
h5 = b.stonesAt(0) + b.stonesAt(1);
}
sum = (h1 + 10) + (h2 + 8) - (h3 + 8) - (h4 + 4) + (h5 + 4);
sum = (us == Position.Top) ? sum : -1 * sum;
if (h2 > 24) //If we have at least half of the stones
{
sum += 500;
}
else if (h3 > 24) //If opponent has at least half of the stones
{
sum -= 500;
}
return(sum);
//int score;
//if (us == Position.Top)
// score = b.scoreTop() - b.scoreBot();
//else
// score = b.scoreBot() - b.scoreTop();
//return score;
}