public Redfearn(Ellipsoid ellipsoid, Projection projection, int zone)
{
this.ellipsoid = ellipsoid;
this.projection = projection;
this.zone = zone;
double lon_zero_degrees = projection.first_lon +
projection.zone_width / 2.0 + projection.zone_width *
(zone - projection.first_zone);
lon_zero = Math.PI * lon_zero_degrees / 180.0;
PrecalculateMeridianDistance();
}
public static void CalculateDistanceAndBearing(Position a, Position b, Ellipsoid e, out double distance, out Angle bearing)
{
if (PointsEqual(a, b, 1e-12))
{
distance = 0.0;
bearing = Angle.FromAngleInDegrees(0.0);
}
double lambda = Radians(b.Longitude - a.Longitude);
double last_lambda = 2 * Math.PI;
double U1 = Math.Atan((1 - e.F) * Math.Tan(Radians(a.Latitude)));
double U2 = Math.Atan((1 - e.F) * Math.Tan(Radians(b.Latitude)));
double sin_U1 = Math.Sin(U1);
double sin_U2 = Math.Sin(U2);
double cos_U1 = Math.Cos(U1);
double cos_U2 = Math.Cos(U2);
double alpha, sin_sigma, cos_sigma, sigma, cos_2sigma_m, sqr_cos_2sigma_m;
int loop_limit = 30;
const double threshold = 1e-12;
do {
double sin_lambda = Math.Sin(lambda);
double cos_lambda = Math.Cos(lambda);
sin_sigma =
Math.Sqrt(
Math.Pow(cos_U2 * sin_lambda, 2) +
Math.Pow(cos_U1 * sin_U2 - sin_U1 * cos_U2 * cos_lambda, 2)
);
cos_sigma = sin_U1 * sin_U2 + cos_U1 * cos_U2 * cos_lambda;
sigma = Math.Atan2(sin_sigma, cos_sigma);
alpha = Math.Asin(cos_U1 * cos_U2 * sin_lambda / sin_sigma);
double sqr_cos_alpha = Math.Pow(Math.Cos(alpha), 2);
cos_2sigma_m = cos_sigma - 2 * sin_U1 * sin_U2 / sqr_cos_alpha;
sqr_cos_2sigma_m = Math.Pow(cos_2sigma_m, 2);
double C = e.F / 16 * sqr_cos_alpha * (4 + e.F * (4 - 3 * sqr_cos_alpha));
last_lambda = lambda;
lambda =
Radians(b.Longitude - a.Longitude) + (1 - C) * e.F * Math.Sin(alpha) *
(sigma + C * sin_sigma *
(cos_2sigma_m + C * cos_sigma * (-1 + 2 * sqr_cos_2sigma_m))
);
loop_limit -= 1;
} while (Math.Abs(lambda - last_lambda) > threshold && loop_limit > 0);
// As in Vincenty 1975, "The inverse formula may give no
// solution over a line between two nearly antipodal points":
if (loop_limit == 0)
{
distance = double.NaN;
bearing = Angle.FromAngleInDegrees(0.0);
return;
}
double sqr_u = Math.Pow(Math.Cos(alpha), 2) *
(e.A * e.A - e.B * e.B) / (e.B * e.B);
double A = 1 + sqr_u / 16384 * (4096 + sqr_u * (-768 + sqr_u * (320 - 175 * sqr_u)));
double B = sqr_u / 1024 * (256 + sqr_u * (-128 + sqr_u * (74 - 47 * sqr_u)));
double delta_sigma =
B * sin_sigma *
(cos_2sigma_m + B / 4 *
(cos_sigma * (-1 + 2 * sqr_cos_2sigma_m) -
B / 6 * cos_2sigma_m * (-3 + 4 * Math.Pow(sin_sigma, 2)) *
(-3 + 4 * sqr_cos_2sigma_m)
));
distance = e.B * A * (sigma - delta_sigma);
bearing = Angle.FromHeadingInDegrees(180.0 / Math.PI *
Math.Atan2(cos_U2 * Math.Sin(lambda), cos_U1 * sin_U2 - sin_U1 * cos_U2 * Math.Cos(lambda)));
}
// Calculates the distance between two points, using the method
// described in:
//
// Vincenty, T. Direct and Inverse Solutions of Geodesics of the
// Ellipsoid with Applications of Nested Equations, Survey Review,
// No. 176, 1975.
//
// Points that are nearly antipodal yield no solution; a
// Double.NaN is returned.
public static double CalculateDistance(Position a, Position b, Ellipsoid e)
{
double distance;
Angle bearing;
CalculateDistanceAndBearing(a, b, e, out distance, out bearing);
return distance;
}