public virtual float GenerateRayDifferential(CameraSample sample, out RayDifferential rd)
{
Ray ray;
float wt = GenerateRay(sample, out ray);
rd = RayDifferential.FromRay(ray);
// Find ray after shifting one pixel in the $x$ direction
CameraSample sshift = sample;
++(sshift.ImageX);
Ray rx;
float wtx = GenerateRay(sshift, out rx);
rd.RxOrigin = rx.Origin;
rd.RxDirection = rx.Direction;
// Find ray after shifting one pixel in the $y$ direction
--(sshift.ImageX);
++(sshift.ImageY);
Ray ry;
float wty = GenerateRay(sshift, out ry);
rd.RyOrigin = ry.Origin;
rd.RyDirection = ry.Direction;
if (wtx == 0.0f || wty == 0.0f)
return 0.0f;
rd.HasDifferentials = true;
return wt;
}
public override float GenerateRayDifferential(CameraSample sample, out RayDifferential ray)
{
// Generate raster and camera samples
Point Pras = new Point(sample.ImageX, sample.ImageY, 0);
Point Pcamera = RasterToCamera.TransformPoint(ref Pras);
ray = new RayDifferential(new Point(0, 0, 0), Vector.Normalize((Vector) Pcamera), 0.0f);
// Modify ray for depth of field
if (LensRadius > 0.0f)
{
// Sample point on lens
float lensU, lensV;
MonteCarloUtilities.ConcentricSampleDisk(sample.LensU, sample.LensV, out lensU, out lensV);
lensU *= LensRadius;
lensV *= LensRadius;
// Compute point on plane of focus
float ft = FocalDistance / ray.Direction.Z;
Point Pfocus = ray.Evaluate(ft);
// Update ray for effect of lens
ray.Origin = new Point(lensU, lensV, 0.0f);
ray.Direction = Vector.Normalize(Pfocus - ray.Origin);
}
// Compute offset rays for _PerspectiveCamera_ ray differentials
ray.RxOrigin = ray.RyOrigin = ray.Origin;
ray.RxDirection = Vector.Normalize((Vector) Pcamera + _dxCamera);
ray.RyDirection = Vector.Normalize((Vector) Pcamera + _dyCamera);
ray.Time = sample.Time;
ray = CameraToWorld.TransformRayDifferential(ray);
return 1.0f;
}
public RayDifferential TransformRayDifferential(RayDifferential r)
{
var ret = r.Clone();
ret.Origin = TransformPoint(ref r.Origin);
ret.Direction = TransformVector(ref r.Direction);
ret.RxOrigin = TransformPoint(ref r.RxOrigin);
ret.RyOrigin = TransformPoint(ref r.RyOrigin);
ret.RxDirection = TransformVector(ref r.RxDirection);
ret.RyDirection = TransformVector(ref r.RyDirection);
return(ret);
}
public static Spectrum SpecularTransmit(RayDifferential ray, Bsdf bsdf,
Random rng, Intersection isect, Renderer renderer,
Scene scene, Sample sample)
{
Vector wo = -ray.Direction, wi;
float pdf;
Point p = bsdf.DgShading.Point;
Normal n = bsdf.DgShading.Normal;
Spectrum f = bsdf.SampleF(wo, out wi, new BsdfSample(rng), out pdf,
BxdfType.Transmission | BxdfType.Specular);
Spectrum L = Spectrum.CreateBlack();
if (pdf > 0.0f && !f.IsBlack && Vector.AbsDot(wi, n) != 0.0f)
{
// Compute ray differential _rd_ for specular transmission
var rd = new RayDifferential(p, wi, ray, isect.RayEpsilon);
if (ray.HasDifferentials)
{
rd.HasDifferentials = true;
rd.RxOrigin = p + isect.DifferentialGeometry.DpDx;
rd.RyOrigin = p + isect.DifferentialGeometry.DpDy;
float eta = bsdf.Eta;
Vector w = -wo;
if (Vector.Dot(wo, n) < 0)
eta = 1.0f / eta;
Normal dndx = bsdf.DgShading.DnDu * bsdf.DgShading.DuDx +
bsdf.DgShading.DnDv * bsdf.DgShading.DvDx;
Normal dndy = bsdf.DgShading.DnDu * bsdf.DgShading.DuDy +
bsdf.DgShading.DnDv * bsdf.DgShading.DvDy;
Vector dwodx = -ray.RxDirection - wo, dwody = -ray.RyDirection - wo;
float dDNdx = Vector.Dot(dwodx, n) + Vector.Dot(wo, dndx);
float dDNdy = Vector.Dot(dwody, n) + Vector.Dot(wo, dndy);
float mu = eta * Vector.Dot(w, n) - Vector.Dot(wi, n);
float dmudx = (eta - (eta * eta * Vector.Dot(w, n)) / Vector.Dot(wi, n)) * dDNdx;
float dmudy = (eta - (eta * eta * Vector.Dot(w, n)) / Vector.Dot(wi, n)) * dDNdy;
rd.RxDirection = wi + eta * dwodx - (Vector) (mu * dndx + dmudx * n);
rd.RyDirection = wi + eta * dwody - (Vector) (mu * dndy + dmudy * n);
}
Spectrum Li = renderer.Li(scene, rd, sample, rng);
L = f * Li * Vector.AbsDot(wi, n) / pdf;
}
return L;
}
public override Spectrum Li(Scene scene, Renderer renderer, RayDifferential ray, Intersection intersection,
Sample sample, Random rng)
{
Spectrum L = Spectrum.CreateBlack();
// Compute emitted and reflected light at ray intersection point
// Evaluate BSDF at hit point
var bsdf = intersection.GetBsdf(ray);
// Initialize common variables for Whitted integrator
Point p = bsdf.DgShading.Point;
Normal n = bsdf.DgShading.Normal;
Vector wo = -ray.Direction;
// Compute emitted light if ray hit an area light source
L += intersection.Le(wo);
// Add contribution of each light source
foreach (var light in scene.Lights)
{
Vector wi;
float pdf;
VisibilityTester visibility;
Spectrum Li = light.SampleL(p, intersection.RayEpsilon,
new LightSample(rng), ray.Time, out wi, out pdf, out visibility);
if (Li.IsBlack || pdf == 0.0f)
continue;
Spectrum f = bsdf.F(wo, wi);
if (!f.IsBlack && visibility.Unoccluded(scene))
L += f * Li * Vector.AbsDot(wi, n)
* visibility.Transmittance(scene, renderer, sample, rng)
/ pdf;
}
if (ray.Depth + 1 < _maxDepth)
{
// Trace rays for specular reflection and refraction
L += IntegratorUtilities.SpecularReflect(ray, bsdf, rng, intersection, renderer, scene, sample);
L += IntegratorUtilities.SpecularTransmit(ray, bsdf, rng, intersection, renderer, scene, sample);
}
return L;
}
public RayDifferential TransformRayDifferential(RayDifferential r)
{
RayDifferential tr;
if (!_actuallyAnimated || r.Time <= _startTime)
{
tr = _startTransform.TransformRayDifferential(r);
}
else if (r.Time >= _endTime)
{
tr = _endTransform.TransformRayDifferential(r);
}
else
{
Transform t;
Interpolate(r.Time, out t);
tr = t.TransformRayDifferential(r);
}
tr.Time = r.Time;
return(tr);
}
public void ComputeDifferentials(RayDifferential ray)
{
if (ray.HasDifferentials)
{
// Estimate screen space change in $\pt{}$ and $(u,v)$
// Compute auxiliary intersection points with plane
float d = -Normal.Dot(Normal, new Vector(Point.X, Point.Y, Point.Z));
var rxv = new Vector(ray.RxOrigin.X, ray.RxOrigin.Y, ray.RxOrigin.Z);
float tx = -(Normal.Dot(Normal, rxv) + d) / Normal.Dot(Normal, ray.RxDirection);
if (float.IsNaN(tx))
throw new InvalidOperationException();
Point px = ray.RxOrigin + tx * ray.RxDirection;
var ryv = new Vector(ray.RyOrigin.X, ray.RyOrigin.Y, ray.RyOrigin.Z);
float ty = -(Normal.Dot(Normal, ryv) + d) / Normal.Dot(Normal, ray.RyDirection);
if (float.IsNaN(ty))
throw new InvalidOperationException();
Point py = ray.RyOrigin + ty * ray.RyDirection;
DpDx = px - Point;
DpDy = py - Point;
// Compute $(u,v)$ offsets at auxiliary points
// Initialize _A_, _Bx_, and _By_ matrices for offset computation
var A = new float[2, 2];
var Bx = new float[2];
var By = new float[2];
var axes = new int[2];
if (Math.Abs(Normal.X) > Math.Abs(Normal.Y) && Math.Abs(Normal.X) > Math.Abs(Normal.Z))
{
axes[0] = 1;
axes[1] = 2;
}
else if (Math.Abs(Normal.Y) > Math.Abs(Normal.Z))
{
axes[0] = 0;
axes[1] = 2;
}
else
{
axes[0] = 0;
axes[1] = 1;
}
// Initialize matrices for chosen projection plane
A[0, 0] = DpDu[axes[0]];
A[0, 1] = DpDv[axes[0]];
A[1, 0] = DpDu[axes[1]];
A[1, 1] = DpDv[axes[1]];
Bx[0] = px[axes[0]] - Point[axes[0]];
Bx[1] = px[axes[1]] - Point[axes[1]];
By[0] = py[axes[0]] - Point[axes[0]];
By[1] = py[axes[1]] - Point[axes[1]];
if (!Matrix4x4.SolveLinearSystem2x2(A, Bx, out DuDx, out DvDx))
{
DuDx = 0.0f;
DvDx = 0.0f;
}
if (!Matrix4x4.SolveLinearSystem2x2(A, By, out DuDy, out DvDy))
{
DuDy = 0.0f;
DvDy = 0.0f;
}
}
else
{
DuDx = DvDx = 0.0f;
DuDy = DvDy = 0.0f;
DpDx = DpDy = Vector.Zero;
}
}
public abstract Spectrum Transmittance(Scene scene, RayDifferential ray, Sample sample,
Random rng);
public Spectrum Li(Scene scene, RayDifferential ray, Sample sample, Random rng)
{
Intersection intersection = null;
Spectrum t;
return Li(scene, ray, sample, rng, ref intersection, out t);
}
public abstract Spectrum Li(Scene scene, RayDifferential ray, Sample sample, Random rng,
ref Intersection intersection, out Spectrum t);
public virtual Spectrum Le(RayDifferential r)
{
return Spectrum.CreateBlack();
}
public RayDifferential TransformRayDifferential(RayDifferential r)
{
RayDifferential tr;
if (!_actuallyAnimated || r.Time <= _startTime)
tr = _startTransform.TransformRayDifferential(r);
else if (r.Time >= _endTime)
tr = _endTransform.TransformRayDifferential(r);
else
{
Transform t;
Interpolate(r.Time, out t);
tr = t.TransformRayDifferential(r);
}
tr.Time = r.Time;
return tr;
}
public override Spectrum Li(Scene scene, Renderer renderer, RayDifferential ray, Sample sample, Random rng, out Spectrum transmittance)
{
// TODO
transmittance = new Spectrum(1.0f);
return Spectrum.CreateBlack();
}
private Task CreateRenderTask(
Scene scene, Sample origSample, CancellationToken cancellationToken,
int taskNumber, int taskCount)
{
return new Task(() =>
{
var sampler = _sampler.GetSubSampler(taskNumber, taskCount);
if (sampler == null)
return;
var rng = new Random(taskNumber);
// Allocate space for samples and intersections
int maxSamples = _sampler.MaximumSampleCount;
var samples = origSample.Duplicate(maxSamples);
var rays = new RayDifferential[maxSamples];
var Ls = new Spectrum[maxSamples];
var Ts = new Spectrum[maxSamples];
var isects = new Intersection[maxSamples];
// Get samples from _Sampler_ and update image
int sampleCount;
while ((sampleCount = sampler.GetMoreSamples(samples, rng)) > 0)
{
cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
// Generate camera rays and compute radiance along rays
for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i)
{
// Find camera ray for _sample[i]_
float rayWeight = _camera.GenerateRayDifferential(samples[i], out rays[i]);
rays[i].ScaleDifferentials(1.0f / MathUtility.Sqrt(sampler.SamplesPerPixel));
// Evaluate radiance along camera ray
if (rayWeight > 0.0f)
{
Ls[i] = rayWeight * Li(scene, rays[i], samples[i], rng, ref isects[i], out Ts[i]);
}
else
{
Ls[i] = new Spectrum(0.0f);
Ts[i] = new Spectrum(1.0f);
}
}
// Report sample results to _Sampler_, add contributions to image
if (sampler.ReportResults(samples, rays, Ls, isects, sampleCount))
for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i)
_camera.Film.AddSample(samples[i], Ls[i]);
}
_camera.Film.UpdateDisplay(
sampler.XStart, sampler.YStart,
sampler.XEnd + 1, sampler.YEnd + 1);
}, cancellationToken);
}
public override Spectrum Transmittance(Scene scene, RayDifferential ray, Sample sample, Random rng)
{
return _volumeIntegrator.Transmittance(scene, this, ray, sample, rng);
}
public override Spectrum Li(Scene scene, RayDifferential ray, Sample sample, Random rng, ref Intersection intersection, out Spectrum t)
{
Debug.Assert(ray.Time == sample.Time);
Spectrum Li = Spectrum.CreateBlack();
if (scene.TryIntersect(ray, ref intersection))
Li = _surfaceIntegrator.Li(scene, this, ray, intersection, sample, rng);
else
{
// Handle ray that doesn't intersect any geometry
foreach (var light in scene.Lights)
Li += light.Le(ray);
}
Spectrum Lvi = _volumeIntegrator.Li(scene, this, ray, sample, rng, out t);
return t * Li + Lvi;
}
public virtual bool ReportResults(Sample[] samples, RayDifferential[] rays,
Spectrum[] ls, Intersection[] intersections, int count)
{
return true;
}
public Bssrdf GetBssrdf(RayDifferential ray)
{
_dg.ComputeDifferentials(ray);
return _primitive.GetBssrdf(_dg, ObjectToWorld);
}
public override Spectrum Transmittance(Scene scene, Renderer renderer, RayDifferential ray, Sample sample, Random rng)
{
// TODO
return new Spectrum(1.0f);
}
public RayDifferential TransformRayDifferential(RayDifferential r)
{
var ret = r.Clone();
ret.Origin = TransformPoint(ref r.Origin);
ret.Direction = TransformVector(ref r.Direction);
ret.RxOrigin = TransformPoint(ref r.RxOrigin);
ret.RyOrigin = TransformPoint(ref r.RyOrigin);
ret.RxDirection = TransformVector(ref r.RxDirection);
ret.RyDirection = TransformVector(ref r.RyDirection);
return ret;
}
public abstract Spectrum Li(Scene scene, Renderer renderer, RayDifferential ray,
Sample sample, Random rng, out Spectrum transmittance);
public abstract Spectrum Li(Scene scene, Renderer renderer, RayDifferential ray,
Intersection intersection, Sample sample, Random rng);